Clonal Propagation of Coffea arabica with Indole Butyric Acid and Acclimatization Conditions in Amazonas, Peru

The use of hormones is important in improving the propagation process. The objective of the experiment was to identify the best dose of indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone for the rooting of coffee cuttings of the typical variety through clonal propagation in the Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in two stages. Both stages were carried out under a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The percentage of rooting of cuttings and the number of roots were evaluated. The coffee tree clones were collected from rust tolerant elite plants. In the laboratory, the cuttings were immersed for 10 minutes in fungicide and then in five doses of IBA hormone (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg L−1) of IBA. They were then placed in a microtunnel. With the best dose obtained in stage 1 of IBA (T4: 2000 mg L−1), which achieved a rooting percentage of 52.50% and 5.8 roots on average, stage 2 was installed for the evaluation of acclimatization conditions (greenhouse and nursery). Thirty plants of the Típica variety were evaluated per treatment. Regarding the results after 90 days, the greenhouse obtained the highest values with 72.22% survival, a plant height of 9.48 cm, 4.32 mm stem diameter, 6.53 leaves per plant, 9.65 cm leaf length, and 3.83 cm leaf width. The IBA hormone in a controlled environment such as the greenhouse achieves good vegetative propagation for the Típica variety.

A new variety of Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus (Poaceae) from Papikonda National Park, Andhra Pradesh, India

A new variety of Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus (Poaceae) is described and illustrated from Papikonda National Park, Andhra Pradesh, India. The new variety differs from the typical variety by its two lobed lemma of pedicelled spikelets and solitary racemes.

Imaging Techniques for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Breast cancer is the most typical variety of cancer in women worldwide. Mammography is the “gold standard” for the analysis of the breast from an imaging perspective. Altogether, the techniques used within the management of cancer in all stages are multiple biomedical imaging. Imaging as a very important part of cancer clinical protocols can offer a range of knowledge regarding morphology, structure, metabolism, and functions. Supported by relevant literature, this text provides an outline of the previous and new modalities employed in the sector of breast imaging. Any progress in technology can result in increased imaging speed to satisfy physiological processes necessities. One of the problems within the designation of breast cancer is sensitivity limitation. To overcome this limitation, complementary imaging examinations are used that historically include screening, ultrasound, MRI, etc.

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION ON THE PROCESS OF ADJUSTABLE DOUBLE DRUM CASTOR SHELLING BASED ON DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD

The shelling stress of the castor capsule is difficult to obtain by experiments, which is vital for the design of the key components for the shelling machine. The stress analysis of the shelling process of the castor capsule is carried out. In this study, the typical variety castor Tongbi 11 is taken as the research object, and the model of castor shelling is established. The stress and rate of shelling removal of the inner drum are analysed. The effects of size optimization on the shelling results were analysed. The shelling machine was designed for the experiment. In the condition of the highest rate of shelling, the size of the outer drum is maintained, and the inner drum angle is 4.5. The length of the drum is 605mm. At this time, the shelling rate is 96.42 %, which is 0.39 % different from the fitting value. This study provides theoretical support for the design and parameter optimization of the castor shelling machine and its key components.

The size of the primes obstructing the existence of rational points

The sequence of prime numbers p for which a variety over ℚ has no p-adic point plays a fundamental role in arithmetic geometry. This sequence is deterministic, however, we prove that if we choose a typical variety from a family then the sequence has random behaviour. We furthermore prove that this behaviour is modelled by a random walk in Brownian motion. This has several consequences, one of them being the description of the finer properties of the distribution of the primes in this sequence via the Feynman–Kac formula.

E-VILLAGE BUDGETING : EFEKTIVITAS PENCEGAHAN FRAUD PADA PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

This study aims to examine whether the current village financial management system in Banyuwangi that uses E-Village Budgeting has been effective in preventing the possibility of fraud in managing village finances. The theories construct these researches are the fraud triangle theory, the fraud management process and ISO 9126. This study used qualitative exploratory methods. This study used the most common data analysis techniques, Max Weber's ideal type. This type is a model or mental abstraction of relationships or social processes. The typical variety is a clear standard where data or "reality" can compare. EVB effectiveness testing is done using ISO 9126. The result of this study is the village government feels that the current EVB system has been effective in preventing fraud in village financial management. This is because EVB has a different mechanism than when it is still manual, in the process of disbursing funds. This research can be used as a basis for further research on EVB and can be an input for the Banyuwangi government in taking additional EVB development policies.

Persicaria jucunda var. rotunda (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae), a distinct distylous taxa raised to specific rank

Persicariajucunda(Meisn.)Migovar.rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li was originally published in the genus Polygonum L. and treated as a variety of P.rotundum Meisn. [≡Persicariajucunda (Meisn.) Migo]. After carefully comparing the macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of the achenes, leaf epidermis and tepals and the habitat between the variety and its typical variety, we confirmed that P.jucundavar.rotunda is clearly different from P.jucunda and should not be treated as a variety, but be raised to a specific rank as P.rotunda (Z.Z.Zhou & Q.Y.Sun) Bo Li. The species is distylous and could be easily distinguished from all other Persicaria taxa by a combination of morphological characters, such as completely decumbent leafless basal branches, almost sessile leaves, linear-lanceolate with rounded leaf bases, spicate, short and dense inflorescences, slender pedicels longer than bracts and dimorphic flowers and achenes. P.rotunda is endemic to several large wetlands of eastern China and usually occurs as one of the dominant species in some plant communities.

Comparative Chemical Compositions of Fresh and Stored Vesuvian PDO “Pomodorino Del Piennolo” Tomato and the Ciliegino Variety

The Vesuvian Piennolo cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) (PdP) is an old and typical variety grown in the Campania region (Italy). PdP is referred to as a long-storage tomato due to its thick and coriaceous skin that allows long post-harvest storage and it has been granted Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status since 2009. In this study, the chemical composition, focusing in particular on organic acids, antioxidant molecules and volatile compounds, were investigated in PdP and compared to another typical variety in Campania, the Ciliegino tomato (CIL). Chemical characterization was evaluated for both the CIL and PdP varieties during storage in the same environmental conditions until deterioration of 50% of the fruits; deterioration occurred in PdP after 6 months and in CIL tomatoes after 1 month. The results demonstrated variation in the chemical profiles of both varieties with storage length. Particularly, the PdP variety appears richer in antioxidants compounds (i.e., chlorogenic acids and lycopene) and organic acids (i.e., glutamic and malic acids) than does CIL. Additionally, both varieties display different profiles of volatile bioactive compounds and they are differently influenced by the storage time. The results indicate a typical chemical composition of this long-storage tomato closely linked to the geographic origin area.

Two new Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) species, including 5 varieties, from the Richtersveld of South Africa

Two new species of Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) from the Richtersveld are described, namely Oxalis canaliculata and O. magnifolia. These widespread species are morphologically distinct and easily identified, but both contain populations in which individuals consistently differ morphologically from typical varieties. The typical variety of Oxalis canaliculata is widespread throughout the Richtersveld, while O. canaliculata var. trifoliolata is known from a single population and O. canaliculata var. graniticola is known only from granite outcrops. Oxalis magnifolia includes the typical variety that is widespread and Oxalis magnifolia var. reduplicata, which is only known from two populations in close proximity to one another. Morphological characters, preliminary phylogenetic position based on data from the nuclear ITS region, habitat description and formal taxonomic descriptions are provided for all taxa. The diagnostic characters of the new species are compared to all phenotypically similar southern African species.

The Rhynchosia totta complex (Phaseoleae, Fabaceae) in Southern Africa, including the description of a new variety and new species

Background: The Rhynchosia totta complex is one of three taxonomically complicated African groups in the genus Rhynchosia. Numerous southern African species and infraspecific taxa (at least 19 names, 17 species and 2 varieties) have been described by various authors in the past, but were later reduced into synonymy with R. totta. Currently, only the typical variety is recognised in Southern Africa.Objectives: To investigate and update the circumscription of the taxa within the R. totta complex in southern Africa and to update their synonymies and distribution ranges. Methods: Specimens of R. totta at GRA, JRAU, K, NH and PRE were studied and compared, and measurements of characters recorded. Populations were also observed during field studies.Results: The examination of numerous specimens, as well as field investigations, has prompted the recognition of four varieties (one described here as new: R. totta var. longicalyx) and a new species (R. pedunculata) in southern Africa.Conclusions: A great variation in leaf structure and vestiture occurs within the R. totta complex, with the extreme forms easily recognisable. However, the total number of varieties are limited to four [R. totta vars. totta, longicalyx, rigidula and venulosa] and a new species described to accommodate specimens with a distinctly prostrate habit and upwardly directed leaves.