Exploration on Machine Learning Layout Generation of Chinese Private Garden in Southern Yangtze

Machine learning has been proved to be feasible and reasonable in architectural field by extensive researches recently, whereas its potential is far from being tapped. Previous studies show that the training of GAN by labelling can enable a computer to grasp interrelationship of spatial elements and logical relationship between spatial elements and boundary. This study set the learning object as layout of private gardens in southern Yangtze with higher complexity. Chinese scholars usually analyse private garden layout based on their observation and experience. In this paper, based on Pix2Pix model, we enable a computer to generate private garden layout plan for given site conditions by learning classic cases of traditional Chinese private gardens. Through the experiment, taking Lingering garden as example, we continuously adjust the labelling method to improve learning effect. The finally trained model can quickly generate private garden layout and aid designers to complete scheme design with private garden element corpus. In addition, the working process of training GAN enables us to discover and verify some private garden layout rules that have not been paid attention to.

Landscaping Project for a Private Garden Plot in the City of Zaporizhzhia

Landscaped areas provide individual, distinctive features and play an important role in shaping the environment of a private garden plot. The authors of the present study developed a landscaping project for a private garden plot at 80 Izmailivska Street, city of Zaporizhzhia. One of the main points of the works was to conduct an inventory of the available plantings. The authors identified the species composition of trees and shrubs located on the landscaping territory. In the project territory, the largest area is occupied by herbaceous cover and is 32.5%, while the smallest area is allocated for tree plantations – only 1.9%. The area under paving and flower beds will be increased at the expense of the territory that is not occupied in the reconstruction project. In the project area, most woody plants require only pruning and are in good condition. Pruning is planned for 10 black mulberry trees (Mórus nígra L.), remnants of a privet hedge (Ligústrum vulgáre), one bush of Vanhoutt Spiraea (Spiraea × vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel.) and one bush of rosehip corymbose (Rosa corymbifera), which have lost their decorative appeal. The formation of plantings in this study aims to create an orderly shape of the crowns of trees and shrubs, which will give them a geometric shape. For decorative purposes, it is also planned to plant the following plants: boxwood tree (Buxus sempervirens var.), iris brazenberry (Iris L. brazenberry), moss phlox (Phlox subulata L.). On the site located to the east of the outbuilding, it is proposed to set up a flower garden from groundcover and flowering plants in a peculiar geometric shape that would follow the shape of the path. On the north-western side of the plot, it is planned to replace the fence with a modular gabion wall covered with rambling vine. The colour of elements of this style should be made in cool, grey tones, white, blue and purple colours are well combined. As a result, it is planned to set up a decorative pond near the arbour, the contour of which will be decorated with smooth stones. The rest of the area is to be covered with a rolled lawn. As a result, an individual and beautiful style of landscape design will be selected for the project area

First record of Aceria granati (Canestrini et Massalongo, 1894) in Slovakia – Short Communication

Plant galls of Aceria granati (Canestrini et Massalongo 1894) were observed on the leaves of Punica granatum (Lythraceae) in a private garden in Nitra in July, 2017. Aceria granati is a monophagous gall mite damaging the leaves of Punica granatum. This gall mite was present in one locality in Nitra only and was probably imported from Hungary via the plant trade. This is the first observation of an Aceria granati occurrence in Slovakia.

FIRST RECORD IN EUROPE OF CINARA SHINJII INOUYE (APHIDIDAE LACHNINAE) ON THE JAPANESE WHITE PINE, PINUS PARVIFLORA SIEBOLD & ZUCC.

The Japanese Cinara shinjii Inouye, was occasionally collected in a private garden in Raddusch-Spreewald (Brandenburg), Germany, on an ornamental Japanese white pine, Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc. The species is redescribed providing morphological data of apterae, alatae virginoparae and oviparae females, in order to facilitate morphological identification. This finding, that represents the first record of C. shinjii in Europe, is evaluated in the context of the emerging issue represented by biological invasions. A brief overview of Cinara species alien to Europe is presented with a short critical analysis of their distribution as well as of their ecological and economic impact

Public science in the private garden: Noblewomen horticulturalists and the making of British botany c. 1785–1810

This study considers three noblewomen – Lady Amelia Hume (1751–1809), Jane Barrington (1733–1807), and Mary Watson-Wentworth, Marchioness of Rockingham (c. 1735–1804) – whose contributions to plant studies were so important that Linnean Society President James Edward Smith dedicated three books to them. Their skills in cultivating newly imported exotic plants rivaled those of elite nurserymen, and taxonomists of the highest caliber came to depend on them to unlock information encoded within flowers to enable classification and publication. Eventually, the women played strategic roles within national scientific studies of the world’s plants orchestrated by Smith, Joseph Banks, and William Roxburgh. The stories of Hume, Barrington, and Rockingham complicate our understandings of the gendered, professional, and disciplinary hierarchies of knowledge that constituted British science in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. They also resituate the domestic hothouse as a publicly engaged laboratory and museum.

Simulated derive of glyphosate in green onion plants (Allium fistulosum L.)

The effect of simulated glyphosate drift on common chives (Allium fistulosum L.) was evaluated. The work was developed in a private garden, in Confresa-MT, from January to February 2016. The experiment consists of 6 treatments with 4 repetitions, arranged in a completely randomized design (DIC). The treatments were formed b 6 sub doses of glyphosate: 0,54,108,162,216 and 270 g.i.a ha-1 . At 7 and 14 days after application of the sub doses of the herbicide glyphosate, the plants were subjected to visual analysis of phytointoxication, using notes, on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. At 14 days after application of herbicide, the number total leaves, number of dead leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of commercial leaf and root length.

First records of two alien land flatworms (Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from Northeastern Italy

During a period of intense rainfall (May 2019), several specimens of land flatworms were collected from a private garden in Palazzolo dello Stella (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Italy: 45°47’40.5”N, 13°05’17.2”E). Planarians were found both in a cultivated part of the garden and in a part covered with gravel and with trees and shrubs (Pyracantha sp., Olea europaea, Pyrus communis). The animals were observed under branches, stones, tufa blocks, and pots close to a small artificial pond, but also in other parts of the garden, as well as inside buildings.

The So-called “Mithraic Cave” of Angera

Summary The existence of a mithraeum at Angera (VA, Italy) was assumed for the first time in the 19th century, after the discovery of two Mithraic inscriptions re-used as ornaments of a private garden in the middle of the small town. The location of the alleged mithraeum is still uncertain: the inscriptions have been found out of context, and the place of worship has never been localized. The “Antro mitraico” (Mithraic Cave), also known as “Tana del Lupo”, is a natural cave situated at the base of the East wall of the cliff on which the Rocca Borromeo (the Castle of Angera) stands. At the cave the most visible archaeological evidences are tens of breaches cut into the outside rocky wall, which probably contained votive inscriptions or stele. These elements denote the use of the cave as a place of worship. In 1868 Biondelli identified in the cave the location of a Mithraic cult, giving rise to a theory that continues still today. If, on the one hand, the proposal appeared plausible, there is no clear evidence that in the cave a mithraeum was ever set up; besides, the presence of many an ex voto is in conflict with the mysteric ritual practices. This paper is intended to present an analytical study of the monument, with a broader inquiry on the characteristics of mithraea and other sanctuaries within natural caves.