Geochemical characteristics of back-arc basin lower crust and upper mantle at final spreading stage of Shikoku Basin: an example of Mado Megamullion

This paper explores the evolutional process of back-arc basin (BAB) magma system at final spreading stage of extinct BAB, Shikoku Basin (Philippine Sea) and assesses its tectonic evolution using a newly discovered oceanic core complex, the Mado Megamullion. Bulk and in-situ chemical compositions together with in-situ Pb isotope composition of dolerite, oxide gabbro, gabbro, olivine gabbro, dunite, and peridotite are presented. Compositional ranges and trends of the igneous and peridotitic rocks from the Mado Megamullion are similar to those from the slow- to ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges (MOR). Since the timing of the Mado Megamullion exhumation corresponds to the very end of the Shikoku Basin opening, the magma supply was subdued and highly episodic, leading to extreme magma differentiation to form ferrobasaltic, hydrous magmas. In-situ Pb isotope composition of magmatic brown amphibole in the oxide gabbro is identical to that of depleted source mantle for mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). In the context of hydrous BAB magma genesis, the magmatic water was derived solely from the MORB source mantle. The distance from the back-arc spreading center to the arc front increased away through maturing of the Shikoku Basin to cause MORB-like magmatism. After the exhumation of Mado Megamullion along detachment faults, dolerite dikes intruded as a post-spreading magmatism. The final magmatism along with post-spreading Kinan Seamount Chain volcanism were introduced around the extinct back-arc spreading center after the opening of Shikoku Basin by residual mantle upwelling.

RADIOCARBON AGES OF SUYANGGAE PALEOLITHIC SITES IN DANYANG, KOREA

ABSTRACT The Suyanggae archeological complex is located in Aegok-li, Danyang County, Chungbuk Province, Korea (128°20'00"E, 365˚7'15"N, elevation 132 m). We investigated two Suyanggae Paleolithic localities (1 and 6). A total of 31 samples (18 localities) were analyzed for radiocarbon (14C) ages in three paleolithic cultural horizons of Suyanggae Locality 6 (SYG-6). The purpose of this paper is to report all dating results of SYG-6. It was found that ranges of 14C ages (BP) of cultural layers of SYG-6 are known to be 17,550 ± 80 ∼ 20,470 ± 70, 30,360 ± 350 ∼ 44,100 ± 1900, and 34,870 ± 540 ∼ 46,360 ± 510 BP for cultural layers 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We compared these age data with those of the previous study associated with Gunang Cave near Suyanggae Locality 1 (SYG-1). Based on the chronological information of the three archaeological sites, early humans lived in a rather cold environment from approximately 30,000 to 46,000 BP and disappeared between 30,000 ∼ 20,000 BP and then settled again in SYG-6 site during LGM period. This study demonstrates that archaeological study is important not only for understanding human occupations with their cultural development but also establishing climatic signals to which they have been adapted as a part of the human evolutional process.

Recognition and Prevention of Bed Separation Water: Based on Trapezoid Platform Model

In recent years, bed separation water inrush, as a new type of water disaster, has posed serious threat to mining safety in China’s many coal mines. This study focused on periodic water inrush accidents in the No. 7335 working face owned by Xuzhuang Coal Mine, Jiangsu Province, China. Based on the theory of key strata, the formation positions of the separation layer in the overlying strata were first identified; next, the trapezoid platform model of the fracture of the overlying strata was introduced for illustrating the evolutional process of the bed separation space and accurately calculating the position and the geometrical morphology of the bed separation space. On that basis, the relation between the fracture of the overlying stratum and the inrush of bed separation water was revealed with the use of the plate theory. Moreover, the prevention and control measures of the bed separation water were formulated. Research show that the arrangement of the diversion drilling holes can successfully eliminate the threat of the bed separation water to the lower working face.

The evolving Korean childcare regime

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to understand changes and progress of the Korean childcare regime by examining the evolutional process of childcare initiatives that were developed since the Japanese colonial rule.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a qualitative-based research design with a particular emphasis on explanatory research. Meanwhile, the data were gathered through the peer-reviewed literature and reports.FindingsThe findings indicate that Korea has had three types of childcare regimes: effective-informal, productivist and inclusive-liberal orientation. It also pinpoints that while the care regime development followed the European regime, the egalitarian society, which is a social prerequisite for modern welfare state-building, has not yet been fully established. This paradoxical situation eventually impedes the development of universal childcare aimed at promoting gender equality and a work-life balance.Originality/valueThis article offers a model and characteristics of the Korean childcare regime dating back to the Japanese colonial period up until the Moon Jae-In administration, where it still receives less attention in most of the social policy literature (see Table 1).

Sport and physical culture as implementation tools in the social and cultural sphere

This article aims to show the diversity of physical and sports life of Belarusians at various stages. The evolutional process of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus has been highlighted. The experience of organizing the management of sports movement has been widely disclosed. The process of improving the scientific and methodological base has been described. The purposeful work of state bodies with youth and various categories of the adult population in the development of the sociocultural sphere using physical culture has been demonstrated. The article is devoted to the consideration of physical culture and sports in the context of solving the tasks of the Republic of Belarus in the social and cultural sphere. The study of historical processes in the field of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus is fragmented. The main problems in the sports industry have been analyzed, and the role of physical culture in their solution has been determined. The importance of such sporting events as the Olympic Games has been reflected in the formation of a positive image of the country in the international arena. The history of physical culture and sports guided by the doctrine of society, considers the emergence and development of physical culture and sports in the framework of two economic formations: capitalist and socialist. Each of them has its own characteristics and patterns. The study of history allows us to consider the entire course of the development of physical education and sports in mutual connection with other aspects of society.

DIM: Adaptively Combining User Interests Mined at Different Stages Based on Deformable Interest Model

User interest mining is widely used in the fields of personalized search and personalized recommendation. Traditional methods ignore the formation of user interest which is a process that evolves over time. This leads to the inability to accurately describe the distribution of user interest. In this paper, we propose the interest tracking model (ITM). To add the timing, ITM uses Dirichlet distribution and multinomial distribution to describe the evolutional process of interest topics and frequent patterns, which well adapts to the evolution of user interest hidden in short texts between different time slices. In addition, it is well known that user interest is composed of long-term interest and situational interest including short-term interest and social hot topics. State-of-the-art methods simply regard the users’ long-term interest as the users’ final interest, which makes those unable to completely describe the user interest distribution. To solve this problem, we propose the deformable interest model (DIM) which designs an objective function to combine users’ long-term interest and situational interest and more comprehensively and accurately mine user interest. Furthermore, we present the degree of deformation which measures the subinterest's degree of influence on final interest and propose in DIM the influence real-time update mechanism. The mechanism adaptively updates the degree of deformation through the linear iteration and reduces the degree of dependence of the interest model on training sets. We present results via a dataset consisting of Flickr users and their uploaded information in three months, a dataset consisting of Twitter users and their tweets in three months, and a dataset consisting of Instagram users and their uploaded information in three months, showing that the perplexity is reduced to 0.378, the average accuracy is increased to 94%, and the average NMI is increased to 0.20, which prove better interest prediction.

Measuring distances to Galactic SNRs using the red clump stars

Reliable distances to Galactic Supernova remnants (SNRs) are essential to constrain parameters that reveal the evolutional process of SNRs. We carry out a project to measure SNRs’ distances in the first quadrant of the Galaxy. In this project, red clump stars (RCS) are used as standard candle to build the optical extinction (AV)-(D) distance relation in each direction of extinction-known SNRs. Here, G5.7-0.01, G54.1+0.3 and G78.2+2.1 are taken as typical examples. We obtain the distance of 3−0.3+0.4 kpc for G5.7-0.01, the lower limit of 5.8 kpc for G54.1+0.3, the upper limit of 2 kpc for G5.7-0.01. The results are consistent with distances from kinematic measurements. Hence, we highlight the RCS method can independently trace the distance to the SNRs.

DEVELOPING ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AS A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Developing Islamic Economics as a Body of Knowledge: Issues and Challenges. Islamic economics is challenged whether it can be called a discipline in the sense of having a clear subject-matter, well-organized body of knowledge, methodology to appraise theories and systematic accumulation of knowledge. Islamic economics is still in the formative stage to be a discipline. Systematization of its body of knowledge is still in the progress. Many fundamental issues need to be seriously addressed by the scientific community for Islamic economics to be a legitimate discipline. This paper attempts to identify several challenges to be answered by Islamic economics scientific community in their effoert to develop a solid body of knowledge of Islamic economics. Embarking from the Islamic worldview that gives foundations in our understanding of economic phenomena, efforts are to be put to develop the conceptual scheme, methodology to appraise and evaluate theory and Islamic ethics framework. The answer to those challenges will determine the scientific direction of Islamic economics, ensurea sustainable growth of knowledge and expedite the speed of the evolutional process of Islamic economics towards becoming a distinct discipline.Abstrak. Mengembangkan Ekonomi Islam sebagai Inti dari Ilmu Pengetahuan: Masalah dan Tantangan. Ekonomi Islam ditantang apakah itu dapat disebut disiplin dalam arti materi yang jelas, inti dari ilmu pengetahuan yang terorganisir dengan baik, metode untuk menilai teori dan akumulasi sistematis ilmu pengetahuan. Ekonomi Islam masih dalam tahap formatif untuk menjadi suatu disiplin. Sistematisasi bod nya pengetahuan masih dalam kemajuan. Banyak masalah mendasar perlu ditangani serius oleh komunitas ilmiah untuk ekonomi Islam menjadi disiplin yang sah. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa tantangan yang harus dijawab oleh ekonomi Islam komunitas ilmiah dalam effoert mereka untuk mengembangkan tubuh yang kuat dari pengetahuan ekonomi Islam. Memulai dari pandangan dunia Islam yang memberikan dasar-dasar dalam pemahaman kita tentang fenomena ekonomi, upaya yang harus dihukum untuk mengembangkan skema konseptual, metodologi untuk menilai dan mengevaluasi kerangka teori dan etika Islam. Jawaban untuk tantangan-tantangan akan menentukan arah ilmiah ekonomi Islam, ensurea pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan pengetahuan dan mempercepat kecepatan proses evolusional ekonomi Islam menuju menjadi disiplin yang berbeda.

Digital elevation model-based watershed geomorphic entropy for the study of landscape evolution of a watershed geomorphic system in the loess landforms of China

Although the concept of entropy in landscape evolution was proposed over 40 years ago, previous studies of geomorphic entropy paid little attention to the applications of geomorphic entropy in the erosional watershed geomorphic system on the Loess Plateau in China. Therefore, we propose a new concept of entropy called watershed geomorphic entropy (WGE) and its method of calculation based on a digital elevation model and the principles of system theory. To study the geomorphic significances of WGE, we applied the WGE to an artificial rainfall experiment that was originally designed to study erosional processes in a small open watershed geomorphic system on the Loess Plateau. Our study shows that the decrease of WGE in an open watershed geomorphic system means a gradual erosional or erosion-dominated landscape evolutional process and the change of WGE shows a perfectly positive linear correlation with the measured sediment yields of the outlet of the watershed system under our experimental conditions. In addition, to some extent, the decrease of the change of WGE also reflects the reduction of total potential energy of a specific erosional, or erosion-dominated, open watershed geomorphic system.