Radio Frequency Identification Systems Security Challenges in Supply Chain Management

The radio frequency idtentification (RFID) is a wireless technology that enable automatic identification and extraction of stored information from any tagged object within a supply chain environment. A simple RFID system uses radio waves to collect and transfer data from a tag attached to an object linked to an RFID reader for identifying, tracking, and data capturing. However, RFID-based systems have numerous security- and privacy-related threats for the deployment of such technology in supply chain automation purpose. This chapter explains the technical fundamentals of RFID systems and its security threats. It also classifies the existing security and privacy threats into those which target the RFID components such as the tag, the communication channel, and the overall system threats. Finally, the chapter discusses the open research challenges that need further investigation, especially with the rapid introduction of diverse RFID applications in supply chain management (SCM).

All Pervasive Surveillance Techniques and AI-Based Applications

Surveillance is the process of close observation of a person, place, or object to avoid and minimize the risk of any undesired dangerous situations or suspicious activities to maintain normalcy. However, manual surveillance techniques have certain constraints including unavailability of trained manpower and erroneous observation triggering tricky situations. The proliferation of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) have increased the levels automation and have made it a part of surveillance application. The aspects of automation have greatly reduced human intervention and have made systems more reliable and efficient. The new advancements in internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) have made automation in surveillance security even more convenient and efficient. It has been found that the application of IoT and AI-based learning mechanism have made significant performance improvement for automated surveillance purpose. Here, the authors discuss some of the recent trends and challenges faced by all pervasive surveillance systems.

A Self-Learning Framework for the IoT Security

The internet of things (IoT) is a complex system of heterogeneous devices connected to a network. While IoT can significantly add value to people's everyday activities around the world, there are numerous security risks and privacy breaches imposed by the IoT landscape. Traditional security solutions are not applicable for the IoT as they require high-end processing capacity. The objective of this chapter is two-fold. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements in the IoT and identifies their vulnerabilities. Secondly, it proposes the paradigm of self-learning as an intelligent and sustainable mechanism that is capable of automatically detecting suspicious activities in the IoT. Overall, this chapter presents a contemporary coverage of the recent developments in the IoT scene, the security and privacy challenges confronting the security experts, a proposal of a self-learning framework for performing health check of the IoT environment, and finally a set of high-level implementation guidelines and conclusions.

IoT-Based Management of Smart Microgrid

The present power grid is going through a substantial and radical transformation process. Unification of existing electrical infrastructure with information and communication network is an unavoidable requirement of smart grid deployment and operation. The key characteristics of smart grid technology are full duplex communication, advanced metering infrastructure, integration of renewable and alternative energy resources, distribution automation and complete monitoring, as well as control of entire power grid. Smart grid communication infrastructure consists of varied and hierarchical communication networks. Application of smart grid can be realized in the various the facets of energy utilization. Internet of things also plays a pivotal role in smart grid infrastructure as it provides a ubiquitous communication network. This chapter describes an implementation of internet of things (IoT)-based wireless energy management system for smart microgrid communication infrastructure.

Smart Accident Detection and Prevention System (SADPS)

The two objectives of the smart accident detection and prevention system (SADPS) are 1) accident prevention and 2) accident detection. Based on the survey, 1.3 million people die every year due to roadway accidents. The main reason for this type of accident is speeding. So, the proposed SADPS focused on finding the speed parameters of each vehicle and giving notification to speeding vehicles through SMS that can be used to prevent accidents. The second objective is accident detection. For this task, each vehicle accelerometer values will be taken by the SADPS system. When an accident occurs, the location as well as the related details are sent to the SADPS system. This proposed system takes the immediate remedy by alerting the nearby police station and hospitals. Proposed SADPS also acts as a video surveillance and monitoring system. Automatic background subtraction and object tracking is done with the help of novel approaches.

An Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms in IoT

The underlying vision of the internet of things (IoT) is to create a world where the real and the virtual realms are converging to create smart environments that makes energy, transport, cities, and many other areas more intelligent. With the IoT, the physical world is being interfaced through the things to the virtual world in heterogeneous environment. In heterogeneous environment, privacy and security are the major challenges. The secure information exchange is most critical pitfall to ensure the system security. This chapter gives a detailed analysis of cryptographic algorithms in IoT. A comparison of lightweight cryptography algorithms on basis of block size, key size, gate equivalents, and throughput is given. Moreover, the various security issues in IoT are discussed along with possible solution.

Relevance of Technologies for Smart Cities

Most of the work to develop a smart city is how to connect physical urban infrastructure to the digital world to use it as a solution space for citizens and authorities to make best decisions to reach the best quality of life every day. Every city as a complex system needs to adequately manage their different dimensions. This chapter proposes the second approach with a top-down architecture identifying a set of information technologies linked in processes that every city service needs as part of their digital transformation process in their urban space. Hence, this chapter introduces six technological layers in a workflow pipeline that are explained as an approach to develop every smart system of a city. However, in the proposed workflow of technologies to implement, the authors give a central focus to the IoT infrastructure as the base to build information of quality, to have reliable services even after getting insights from analytics to come back to the IoT with their connected actuators to take actions.

Miracles of Healthcare With Internet of Things

Today, IoT in therapeutic administrations has ended up being more productive in light of the fact that the correspondence among authorities and patients has been improved with versatile applications. These applications are made by the associations with the objective that the pros can screen the patient's prosperity. If any issue has hopped out at the patient, the authority approaches the patient and gives the correct treatment. In this proposition, particular focus is given to infant human administrations, in light of the fact that the greatest fear of gatekeepers is that they would lose their infant kids at whatever point. Therefore, a business contraption has been recognized which screens consistent information about the infant's heart rate, oxygen levels, resting position. In case anything happens to the infant, the information will get to the adaptable application which has been made by an association and is mechanically available by finishing a representation field test for the kid.

Cloud IoT-Based Mobile Agent Framework for Real-Time Traffic Information Acquisition, Storage, and Retrieval

Traffic is an inevitable problem for metro cities around the globe. Intelligent traffic management system helps to improve the traffic flow by detecting congestions or incidents and suggesting appropriate actions on traffic routing. A new and dynamic internet-based decision-making tool for traffic management system was proposed and implemented in authors' previous works. The tool needs weather, road, and vehicle-related integrated information from different data repositories. Several online web portals host real-time weather data streams. However, road and vehicle information are missing in those portals. In addition, their coverage is limited to city-level congregate information but precise road segment-based information is necessary for real-time TMS decision. Internet of things (IoT)-based online sensors can be a solution for this circumstance. As a consequence, in this chapter, an IoT-based framework is proposed and implemented with several remote mobile agents. Agents are securely interconnected to the cloud, and able to collect and exchange data through wireless communication.

Sustainable Smart Farming for Masses Using Modern Ways of Internet of Things (IoT) Into Agriculture

Modern technologies are revolutionizing the way humans have lived. The world's population is expected to reach 9.6 billion by year 2050 and to serve this much population, the agricultural industries and layman farmers need to embrace IoT and e-agriculture or ICT in agriculture. Feeding the global population is the biggest problem of the world. The terminology has advanced from IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), IoFT (Internet of Farm Things), IoSFT (Internet of Smart Farming Things), etc. The agriculture industries are open for ideas, advances, and technically trained workforce to help sustain ever increasing needs of food and allocate better choices of resources. Smart farming is less labor intensive and more capital intensive. Smart farming is furthering the Third Green Revolution around the globe by using various ICT technologies in agriculture.