ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ф.А Иманов ◽  
Г.И. Кордзахия ◽  
И.С Алиева
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

scholarly journals MULTIVARIATE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL MODULES IN THE PRIPYAT BASIN RIVERS (UKRAINE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V.O. Korniienko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

The importance of assessing hydropower resources in recent years determines the study of the quantitative characteristics of river hydropower. Interesting and at the same time important for understanding the assessment of hydropower potential and its module is a multivariate analysis of the determining factors that determine their magnitude. This approach makes it possible to establish the impact and assess the possible relationship between natural and anthropogenic indicators on its formation. It is especially important to establish the factors that determine the magnitude of the modulus of the hydropower potential, an indicator by which it is possible to reflect the total hydropower of rivers in a spatial context. Since the magnitude of the hydropower potential and its modulus is influenced by numerous factors that may be weakly interdependent, it was decided to apply multivariate analysis to establish the most significant indicators using factor analysis. Studies have shown that hydropower, runoff indicators, catchment area, indicators of erosional activity of the catchment, and indicators of the river’s slope exert the greatest influence on the magnitude of the modules of the hydropower potential. The indicators of plowing, forest cover, and regulation indirectly affect the magnitude of the modulus of the total hydropower potential. In the course of the study, the dependences of the hydropower potential on the catchment area and the average annual water discharge, the module of the hydropower potential and the indicator of the depth of the erosional incision of the rivers were built. The connections are characterized by good degrees of correlation and can be used to calculate the magnitude of hydropower in rivers for which there are no or insufficient input data. In a conclusion, the use of factor analysis made it possible to establish a relationship between all 15 factors, according to 26 hydrological stations, and to identify the main determining factors influencing the formation and spatial distribution of the total hydropower potential module for the Pripyat basin rivers within Ukraine. According to the results of the calculation by the method of factor analysis, five main groups of factors with the corresponding factor load. The first two groups of factors accounted for more than 80% of the total variance of the distribution.

scholarly journals Land Drainage Development Processes and Changes in the Context of Runoff Change in Northern Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Stankevičienė ◽  
Oksana Survilė
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Annual Runoff Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drainage Development

The impact of the drainage of excessively wet land on river runoff has so far been assessed differently and very carefully because of its complexity and diversity. The article analyses changes of drained land areas and runoff in the river basins of Mūša, Lėvuo Tatula and Nemunėlis. Wet land areas in the Mūša, Lėvuo and Nemunėlis rivers basins account for more than 70% from the total basins area and in the Tatula about 90%. Increase of drained land areas in the studied river basins has no significant influence on the change of river runoff. Studies have shown that the change in drained land areas did not affect the change in runoff height. Drainage does not have a significant effect on changes in the annual runoff distribution of the studied rivers.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chyulu Hills Watershed Ecosystem Services in South-Eastern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
John Warui Kiringe ◽  
Francis Mwaura ◽  
Fiesta Warinwa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

<p class="1Body">Water is an important good provided by watersheds and is critical in sustaining life and socio-economic development. This study evaluated water provision in the Chyulu Hills watershed which is one of the important dry land water catchments in Kenya. Surface water discharge was mainly through rivers and springs with the latter being more prevalent than the former while ground water provision was primarily through boreholes and shallow wells. Springs discharged the highest water volume annually estimated at 128.14million m<sup>3</sup> or 85.14% of all the water discharged in the watershed, with shallow wells and boreholes discharging the least water. For all the springs found in the watershed, Mzima springs discharged the highest water volume estimated at nearly 113.15 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 88.30% of the water produced by all the springs; and about 75.19% of the water in the entire watershed. Rivers which were active had a total water discharge of about 20.66million m<sup>3</sup> per year, with Kibwezi River discharging 17.59 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 85.14% of all the water from rivers. Shallow wells were mainly prevalent at Nthongoni and the Makindu, and their annual water discharge was about 16.96million m<sup>3</sup> per year with boreholes contributing 98.87% (approximately 16.76 million m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) of the ground water, and the rest (19,169.92m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) being contributed by shallow wells. The total amount of water discharged in the watershed by the combined water source types was about 150.49 million m3/yr.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of river flow under the conditions of lack of hydrological data on the example of hydroelectric power chain on the river Mtkvari

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Khatia Chokheli ◽  
◽  
Grigol Khelidze ◽  
Teimuraz Arshba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses a method for determining water discharge at intake points under the conditions of lack of hydrological data. As an example is given the calculation of the river flow at intake points of the hydroelectric power chain cascade on the river Mtkvari (Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP). The data taken from the hydrological stations of ,,Likani,, and „Tbilisi“ are multiplied by the adaptation coefficient, which is obtained by dividing catchment areas of Chitakhevi HPP ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. The method allows to receive continuous average monthly and annual water discharge at the intake points of Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP, instead of incomplete hydrological data. Additionally, the impact of Zhinvali reservoir is taken into account in the calculation of river flow at intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Also its effect on natural water inflow of river Mtkvari is established. The calculation results show that since of the operation of Zhinvali HPP the average annual water inflow of the river Mtkvari is decreased by 10% at the intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Using the calculation results it is possible to determine the river flow for existing and planned HPPs on the section of Chitakhevi-Ortachala. The method also helps to determine the design parameters of these HPPs more accurately that is important for effective and safe operation of HPPs on the river Mtkvari during different levels of water flow.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Srepok watershed, Central Highland of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽  
Le Hoang Tu ◽  
Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽  
Duong Ngoc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Duy Liem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Second Period

The Srepok watershed in the Central Highland of Vietnam plays an important role in the economic development of the region. Any harmful effects of climate change on natural resources may cause difficulties for social and economic development in this area. The present study aims to predict and evaluate changes of water resources in the Srepok watershed under the impact of climate change scenarios by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. The study used observed weather data from 1990 to 2010 for the first period and climate change scenarios A1B and A2 from 2011 to 2039 for the second period and from 2040 to 2069 for the third period. According to the climate change scenarios of the studied watershed, future minimum and maximum daily average temperature will rise in all climate change scenarios and the amount of annual precipitation will fall in scenario A1B and go up in scenario A2. Based on the simulation results, the annual water discharge in scenario A1B decreased by 11.1% and 1.2% during the second and third periods, respectively, compared with the first. In scenario A2, annual water discharge increased by 2.4% during the second period but decreased by 1.8% during the third period.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Artem Iukhno ◽  
Tatiana Yakovleva ◽  
Yaroslav Kobears
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered. 

scholarly journals Short communication: Field data reveal that the transport probability of clasts in Peruvian and Swiss streams mainly depends on the sorting of the grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-728
Author(s):  
Fritz Schlunegger ◽  
Romain Delunel ◽  
Philippos Garefalakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
Annual Discharge

Abstract. We present field observations from coarse-grained streams in the Swiss Alps and the Peruvian Andes to explore the controls on the probability of material entrainment. We calculate shear stress that is expected for a mean annual water discharge and compare these estimates with grain-specific critical shear stresses that we use as thresholds. We find that the probability of material transport largely depends on the sorting of the bed material, expressed by the D96∕D50 ratio, and the reach gradient but not on mean annual discharge. The results of regression analyses additionally suggest that among these variables, the sorting exerts the largest control on the transport probability of grains. Furthermore, because the sorting is significantly correlated neither to reach gradient nor to water discharge, we propose that the granulometric composition of the material represents an independent, yet important control on the motion of clasts in coarse-grained streams.

scholarly journals River linking in India: Downstream impacts on water discharge and suspended sediment transport to deltas

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Higgins ◽  
Irina Overeem ◽  
Kimberly G. Rogers ◽  
Evan A. Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Suspended Load ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water and sediment discharge for six rivers flowing to five major deltas. Sediment rating curves are used to quantify the impacts of changing water discharge within the rivers, and basin-wide trapping efficiency is established for new reservoirs. Given full implementation of the NRLP, we forecast reductions in annual suspended sediment transport to deltas of 40–85% (Mahanadi), 71–99% (Godavari) and 60–97% (Krishna) due to profound reservoir trapping and peak streamflow reductions. The Ganga before its confluence with the Brahmaputra is projected to experience a 39–75% reduction in annual suspended load. The Brahmaputra before its confluence with the Ganga is projected to experience a 9–25% reduction in suspended load, despite losing only 6% of its annual water flow. We calculate a projected corresponding aggradation decrease for the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta from 3.6 to 2.5 mm y–1, which is a large enough change to drive relative sea-level rise at the delta front. At the remaining four deltas, the NRLP will exacerbate current sediment starvation. We reconstruct the annual water transfer volume proposed for the NRLP to be 245 km3 y–1, higher than previous estimates due to the inclusion of along-canal usage. If completed, the NRLP will transform watershed boundaries, with more than half of the land in India contributing a portion of its runoff to a new mouth. These impacts may have profound environmental and public health implications, particularly in the context of future climate change.

scholarly journals Unravelling Climate and Anthropogenic Forcings on the Evolution of Surface Water Resources in Southern France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3581
Author(s):  
Camille Labrousse ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
Sébastien Pinel ◽  
Mahrez Sadaoui ◽  
Guillaume Lacquement
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

In the Mediterranean, climate change and human pressures are expected to significantly impact the availability of surface water resources. In order to quantify these impacts during the last 60 years (1959–2018), we examined the hydro-climatic and land use change evolution in six coastal river basins of the Gulf of Lion in southern France. By combining observed water discharge, gridded climate, mapped land use and agricultural censuses data, we propose a statistical regression model which successfully reproduces the variability of annual water discharge in all basins. Our results clearly demonstrate that, despite important anthropogenic water withdrawals for irrigation, climate change is the major driver for the detected reduction of water discharge. The model can explain 78–88% of the variability of annual water discharge in the study catchments. It requires only two climatic indices that are solely computed from monthly temperature (T) and precipitation (P) data, thus allowing the estimation of the respective contributions of both parameters in the detected changes. According to our results, the study region experienced on average a warming trend of 1.6 °C during the last 60 years which alone was responsible for a reduction of almost 25% of surface water resources.

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