An Institutional Rights Retention Strategy

Prorector for research and development at UiT The Arctic University of Norway informs about the institution's new Open Access Policy, in which Rights Retention takes a prominent place. All authors employed by UiT retain the rights to their peer-reviewed manuscripts, which can now be uploaded and be made available without any embargo period in the institutional repository, Munin, regardless of the policies of the publisher. In case an individual author refuses, (s)he is free to opt out, but no publisher shall have the right to force her/him to not make a manuscript publicly available in green open access through the institution's open repository. The original Norwegian policy document ("Prinsipper og retningslinjer for åpen tilgang til vitenskapelige publikasjoner ved UiT") is available through the website uit.no/publisering; an English translation will follow soon at en.uit.no/publishing.First published online: January 12, 2021

THE CONCEPT OF “EYE” IN THE ART OF ANNA AKHMATOVA: IMAGE OF “BODY-MAKING MAN”

The anthropocentric postulates of Silver age’s poetry “acmeism” are opened as an idea of continuity of cultural and civilization models; the concept of "spiritual body of the Universe", of world physiological basis are represented. The article reveals the idea of continuity of cultural and civilization models in the works of acmeism representatives. The conceptual importance of the somatic lexicon as the name of parts of a body is analyzed in A. Akhmatova's masterpieces, especially the “eye” image. It is important to analyze the somatic lexicon as a component of the model of "body-making man” reproducing the most harmonious condition of the world. The authors of the article interpret static data determining the character and the number of references to the concept “eye” in A. Akhmatova's poetry and deduce the main regularities of the use of this concept. The structural models of constructions that include "eye" are revealed; the most productive semantic groups corresponding to traditional cultural interpretations and archetypes are highlighted. The main interpretations of the “eye” as a retranslator of inner feelings, a means of cognition of the world, a semantic detail of mythological and individual-author images are highlighted. The antithesis “closed eye - open eye” is introduced, the color symbolism of the “eye” is deciphered. The paper differentiates cultural and individual-author associative rows of the studied units. The authors of the article hypothesize the importance of “eye” in the works of A. Akhmatova as a part of the concept of “spiritual body of the Universe”; they reveal the dualism of this organ, which combines the experience of studying the outer world with the function of a conductor of feelings and emotions to the outer world. The idea of the fruitfulness of further observations on the functioning of somatic vocabulary in the works of A. Akhmatova in the aspect of anthropocentric model is introduced.

A. I. SOLZHENITSYN’S LITERARY TEXT AS A SIGNIFICANT MEANS OF COGNITION BY FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE MENTAL PECULIARITIES OF NATIVE RUSSIAN PEOPLE: LINGUISTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

В статье рассмотрены лингвометодические аспекты, связанные с обучением студентов-иностранцев (инофонов) русскому языку как иностранному на продвинутом уровне на примере работы с текстами А. И. Солженицына. Художественные тексты писателя изобилуют индивидуально-авторскими единицами, созданными по неизвестной или знакомой в современном русском языке модели. Подчеркивается, что сложность обучения инофонов русскому языку на базе художественных текстов А. И. Солженицына вызвана необходимостью самому преподавателю в полном объеме владеть тонкостями стиля писателя. Лингвистический аспект данной статьи позволяет осознать специфику структурного состава индивидуально-авторских единиц А. И. Солженицына. В рамках методического аспекта подобные слова с измененным правописанием или семантической природой расширяют кругозор студента-иностранца, повышая не только уровень его владения русском языком, но и культурный уровень в целом. Активизируются широкие возможности для общения со студенческой аудиторией и преподавателями, а также для наиболее полного понимания всех коннотативных признаков коммуникативной ситуации. Нами выявлено, что при создании индивидуально-авторских единиц прослеживается определенная поэтапность, которая может быть положена в основу разработки ряда приемов обучения, отражающих факт поэтапной концептуализации в сознании студентов-иностранцев значимых особенностей менталитета русскоговорящих людей - носителей языка. The article deals with the linguistic and methodological aspects related to teaching foreign students Russian as a foreign language at an advanced level by the example of working with the texts by A. I. Solzhenitsyn. Literary texts of the writer abound in individual author units created according to an unknown or familiar model. It is emphasized that the complexity of teaching Russian to foreign speakers based on the texts by A. I. Solzhenitsyn is caused by the need for the teacher to fully master the subtleties of the style of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. The linguistic aspect of this article allows us to get into the specifics of the structural composition of the individual author’s constructions of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. Within the methodological aspect, such words with a changed spelling or a changed semantic nature expand the horizons of a foreign student, increasing not only the level of Russian language proficiency, but also the cultural level in general, giving a foreign student greater opportunities not only to communicate with the student audience and teachers, but also to better understand all the connotative signs of a communicative situation. We found that when creating individual author units, there is a certain step-by-step approach, which can be used as a basis for developing a number of teaching methods that reflect the fact of step-by-step conceptualization in the minds of foreign students of significant features of the mentality of Russian native speakers.

CRediT for authors of articles published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association

To help ensure that authors of articles published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) receive appropriate recognition for their contributions and to make individual author roles more transparent to readers, JMLA articles will begin including Author Contribution statements using the Contributor Role Taxonomy.

General Features of the System of Principles of Agrarian Law

The features of the system of modern principles of agrarian law were considered in the article. Attention was drawn to the lack of unity and significant differences between individual author positions in formulating a system of such principles in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The reason for this situation, which is the opposition of objective and subjective principles in the nature of the principles of agrarian law, has been revealed. The predominance of the subjective component leads to the diversity of the principles proposed by scientists, which should not be invented, but discovered. The inconsistency of the subjective vision of scientists with the objective nature of the principles causes the ineffectiveness of the norms that are a consequence of the implementation of such principles in the normative array. Insufficient level of disclosure of theoretical nuances of formation of principles of agrarian law leads to their identification with tasks of agrarian law as branch of law. It has been stated that most scholars introduce a two-level differentiation of the principles of agrarian law into general and branch (special) ones. Attention was sharpened in the absence of the principles of the intersectoral level in most of the systems proposed today, which leads to unnecessary duplication at the level of sectoral (special) principles. The identification of common law and constitutional principles used in the theory of agrarian law has been criticized. The introduction of a six-tier structure of the system of principles of agrarian law in terms of general (international and national), intersectoral, sectoral, sub-sectoral, institutional and sub-institutional principles was justified. Keywords: agrarian law, principle, the principle of agrarian law, system of principles of agrarian law, structure of principles of agrarian law

Gastronomic Vocabulary in Comparative Constructions of Modern Russian Prose

The article discusses metaphors and similes that include culinary vocabulary and are used in modern literary texts. The purpose of this work is to examine the functioning of comparative constructions, including images of food and drinks, in modern Russian prose. The article suggests thematic groups of the images, which are often used to characterize various objects. The results show that the most voluminous and frequent in use are names of fl our products, dairy products and cereals. The article analyses the objects of comparison, among which the most frequent are the units associated with the image of a person, his/her appearance, emotions and behavior. There is a tendency to specify and detail the images of food and drinks in the composition of comparative structures, which is manifested in the regular use of specifi c names and qualifying definitions. It is shown that gastronomic comparative constructions perform various functions in modern literary texts: a characterological function, an evaluative function and a text-forming one. It is concluded that modern Russian prose presents both traditional metaphors and similes of the groups under consideration, as well as their individual author transformations and new, original tropes.

“The lost streetcar” by Nikolay Gumilyov: literature review

The aim of the work is to review the scientific literature on one of N. Gumilyov’s most famous poems, “The Lost Streetcar,” one hundred years from the date of writing, due to the lack of an accurate dating of its creation, is in 2019, 2020, or 2021. The availability of a large number of analytical works indicates the constant interest of researchers in this multifaceted and ambiguous poem. The work is aimed at the implementation of several tasks: to give a comprehensive picture of the assessment of the text; look at it through the prism of analytics; reveal the true validity of certain interpretations; identify the main points of application of analytical thought; to discover how a clash of different interpretations of the same facts makes it possible to characterize the truth of these interpretations. It consists of four interconnected parts that take into account a different degree of interpretation breadth. The total representation of the materials associated with each of these parts allows drawing a number of conclusions. In particular, that the very first characteristics given by the poet’s contemporaries do not lose their relevance nowadays. And that researchers’ enthusiasm for seeking intertextual links sometimes leaves out discussing the individual author style features of the text itself. It is also important that researchers literally dissolve the poem in contexts that are significant for world culture and deprive it of independence. Assessments and interpretations of the text can be both in a relationship of mutual complementarity, and can be mutually exclusive. The perception of the text as reflecting biographical facts and esoteric generalizations and preferences of the author represents the main opposition, the components of which are focused on all studies of the poem.

Transonymization of toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian poetic discourse

The article analyzes the phenomenon of transonymization of the toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian use and poetic discourse. It is proved that according to the traditional metonymic model ‘place [city] of event → event’ a homonymous chrononym is formed, in particular such its variety as catastrophony or excithonym (name of world catastrophe) as a more narrow variant. It is emphasized that researchers of semantic-associative development of the onym Chernobyl did not discover the phenomenon of transonymization. It is stated that both the toponym Chernobyl and the chrononym, which is formed as a result of transonymy, exist in the Ukrainian poetic discourse. The peculiarities of their paradigmatics are revealed. In particular, the use of the oikonym Chernobyl is accompanied by the following semantic increments ‘a place of accident, danger’, ‘an uninhabited / abandoned city’, ‘an exclusion / disaster zone’, ‘radiation’, ‘life’, ‘death’. In literary texts, the catastrophony Chernobyl clearly reveals temporal semantics with the help of temporal prepositions or comparison with the temporal lexeme. This onym shows a strong associative connection with death, sometimes actualizing the semes, which testify to the closeness of its referent with the corresponding natural elements ‘fire’, ‘wind’. The chrononym Chernobyl also reveals the meaning of a large-scale all-Ukrainian or global disaster, often used with other excitonyms, combined with the meaning of ‘nuclear explosion’. In the poetic discourse, the case of further transonymization of the catastrophony Chornobyl, from which the corresponding zoonym is formed, is revealed, as well as the noticeable movement of this chrononym in the direction of pragmatonymy. The writers use a step-by-step individual-authorial unfolding of the semantics of the onym Chornobyl, accompanied by the obligatory sacralization or, conversely, demonization of its referent. On the example of the onym Chernobyl we can observe the connection of poetic discourse with the usual tendencies of transonymization, which gives grounds to reveal the specifics of the individual-author approach to the creation of new proper names in this way.