Graphic Design in Search of Its Identity

To encompass the multitude of activities currently attached to graphic design, scholars, practitioners, and other stakeholders have proposed a range of names in recent times. Owing to the expansion of the role and multiple proposed and prevalent nomenclatures in education and industry, some confusion and identity crisis exists. This study investigates and traces the journey of graphic design, how its roles and functions have evolved with time, and the challenge of assigning a universally acceptable nomenclature encompassing all that graphic design stands for now. Data has been collected from both primary and secondary sources to get a sense of the situation. The secondary sources helped understand the breadth of the problem, views of scholars, practitioners, and the education world. Primary sources helped establish the inconsistencies of nomenclature in graphic design education, mirroring the situation of graphic design’s expanded functions in the profession. Primary information has been collected from the design institutes’ official websites in India, government documents, and reports to understand prevalent names of similar study programmes. The paper calls for shared and renewed efforts by design associations, scholars, practitioners, and educationists to access the profession’s past, present, and future trajectory towards strengthening and reinforcing its identity

METAMERISM INDEX OF LED LIGHT ON HALFTONE COLOUR IMAGES

Skin face detection in photo imaging, is an important component of systems for detecting similarities in visual perception, tracing faces through illumination and metamerism. This paper presents an evaluation of the skin perception under standardized conditions of varied light sources: cool-white fluorescent “store light”, 6500K fluorescent “daylight”, and incandescent “home light”, Led light 6500 K, 2700K, 4000K CCT. In cases where the discrepancy is large, the resulting index of metamerism can be misleading. A small index of metamerism and a large change of color under illuminant metamerism has a different interpretation than what is perceived. This has been demonstrated through small colour variations in print through CMYK colors. The implication is that particular indices of metameric should only account for a limited range under different light conditions. The method used in this paper is based on visual perception, which aim to work with a wide variety of individuals, under varying lighting conditions under the influence of standard daylight, but in this case we also used the Led light 6500K correlated colour temperature, and variations of skin color tones, comparing the illuminant metamerism of visual perception based on different reflectance power distributions (SPDs).

Evaluation of cybersickness in virtual reality in driving simulator

Virtual reality (VR) devices are becoming a more popular and widespread tool for learning, gaming and entertainment purposes. One of familiar problems of emerging in VR is side effect known as cybersickness, which can be a nuisance for consumers of VR content. This occurrence can be explained as visual and vestibular conflict. The problem with cybersickness lies within the fact that the body is stationary, but eyes perceive motion in virtual reality, also known as vection. Cybersickness symptoms that often occur include blurred vision, headache, vertigo, upset stomach and other. Aim of this research is to observe changes in cybersickness symptoms in two tested conditions (2D display and VR). In this paper, subjective and objective metric of evaluation regarding cybersickness in VR driving simulation are used. Subjective metric is survey and objective metric is electroencephalogram (EEG). Results of the survey indicate which symptoms of cybersickness are more pronounced during driving in virtual environment compared with classic 2D screen experience. Statistically significant difference was found for 6 variables, which include vertigo, blurred vision and headache. Objective metric showed that highest average beta wave was in VR setting, as well as beta/alpha ratio, which is associated with stress and excitement.

Determining the optical stability of printed laboratory substrates with wheat pulp after ageing treatment

The use of recovered paper in the paper and board industry worldwide has increased in the last decade. The recycling process affects several properties of the paper, so recovered pulp needs to be enriched with a certain amount of virgin fibre to increase the strength and quality of the paper, and thus the quality of the print. Since the cellulose-based printing substrates are sensitive to photolytic damage caused by exposure to light and high temperature, the focus of the research was to evaluate the stability of digital UV inkjet prints on laboratory substrates with wheat pulp. Assessment of the optical stability of laboratory substrates and prints made on them after ageing treatment was based on the reflectance spectra measurements before and after artificial ageing. In order to observe the optical changes that occur in cellulose printing substrates, unprinted and digital printed substrates were placed in an artificial ageing equipment SunTEST XLS+ test chamber according to standard ASTM D 6789-02. The test chamber emits visible and near ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation in the range from 290 nm to 800 nm. With the deterioration of the optical stability of unprinted and digital printed substrates, it was observed through the reflectance spectra (R) and the Euclidean colour difference (ΔE00*) that the highest colour degradation of all analyzed samples, occurs in the first 48 hours of artificial ageing. The results of this analysis confirm that the addition of wheat pulp in paper pulp provides better optical stability of unprinted and digital printed laboratory substrates.

Socioeconomic status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the residents of Jammu Division (J&K-India) - A Geo Medical Analysis

The main focus of this paper is to examine the relationship between CVD risk factors and socioeconomic variables in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths is not only the prime cause of mortality in the world, it has also continued to increase in the low and middle income countries. The study area was divided into ten districts (administrative units) in GIS environment. linear regression, binary logistic regression model, Kendal’s ranking coefficient method were employed to show the incidence, spatial variation and impact of different socioeconomic variables on CVD. The results reveals that the incidence of CVD has increased by 7.31 percent from 2008 to 2016. Samba district was having maximum change of incidence (33.24 percent), however, negative change in incidence rate was found in Udhampur district (-2.41 percent). Consumption of tobacco and alcohol are significant related to cardiovascular diseases.

Why do we digitize books instead of knowledge?

Besides text and images, contemporary e-books can include multimedia, interactivity, pronunciation information and text-to-speech ready content. The current EPUB 3 standard provides all the technical solutions necessary for designing and displaying highly functional and content rich e-books, but the implementation is impaired by the e-reader industry, publishers and distributors. Local and global book digitization has been an ongoing process for years, encompassing publications ranging from classical literature to current technical textbooks. Textual expression of knowledge is a remnant of the past but it is still dominant today, even though interactivity and video content are known to significantly enhance the learning process. However, multimedia and interactive content for e-books is not produced because it requires time, technical knowledge and specific tools. Within the current publishing system, authors are expected to produce and design all the content for books on their own, but because of the extreme content diversity, it is unrealistic to expect that they really possess such knowledge and skills. Better collaboration among authors, publishers, distributors, the professional community and the related industry is necessary for knowledge digitization to function.