scholarly journals Determining the optical stability of printed laboratory substrates with wheat pulp after ageing treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Valentina Radić Seleš ◽  
◽  
Irena Bates ◽  
Ivana Plazonić ◽  
Maja Rudolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Chamber ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Ageing Treatment ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Optical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Board Industry

The use of recovered paper in the paper and board industry worldwide has increased in the last decade. The recycling process affects several properties of the paper, so recovered pulp needs to be enriched with a certain amount of virgin fibre to increase the strength and quality of the paper, and thus the quality of the print. Since the cellulose-based printing substrates are sensitive to photolytic damage caused by exposure to light and high temperature, the focus of the research was to evaluate the stability of digital UV inkjet prints on laboratory substrates with wheat pulp. Assessment of the optical stability of laboratory substrates and prints made on them after ageing treatment was based on the reflectance spectra measurements before and after artificial ageing. In order to observe the optical changes that occur in cellulose printing substrates, unprinted and digital printed substrates were placed in an artificial ageing equipment SunTEST XLS+ test chamber according to standard ASTM D 6789-02. The test chamber emits visible and near ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation in the range from 290 nm to 800 nm. With the deterioration of the optical stability of unprinted and digital printed substrates, it was observed through the reflectance spectra (R) and the Euclidean colour difference (ΔE00*) that the highest colour degradation of all analyzed samples, occurs in the first 48 hours of artificial ageing. The results of this analysis confirm that the addition of wheat pulp in paper pulp provides better optical stability of unprinted and digital printed laboratory substrates.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Processing Ground-based SAR (GBSAR) Data for Deformation Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sichun Long ◽  
Aixia Tong ◽  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Zhenhong Li ◽  
Wenhao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Threshold Optimization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Threshold ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Coherence

In this paper, aiming at the limitation of persistence scatterers (PS) points selection, a new method for selecting PS points has been introduced based on the average coherence coefficient, amplitude dispersion index, estimated signal-to-noise ratio and displacement standard deviation of multiple threshold optimization. The stability and quality of this method are better than that of a single model. In addition, an atmospheric correction model has also been proposed to estimate the atmospheric effects on Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) observations. After comparing the monitoring results before and after correction, we clearly found that the results are in good agreement with the actual observations after applying the proposed atmospheric correction approach.

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN LOTION SARI KERING HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica(L.) URBAN ) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI EMULGATOR SPAN 60 DAN TWEEN 60

Media Farmasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arisanty Arisanty ◽  
Santi Sinala ◽  
Muli Sukmawaty ◽  
Andi Masna
Keyword(s):  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Accelerated Storage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quality Stability ◽  
Dispersion Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tween 60 ◽  
Span 60

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) is a plant widely grown and scientifically proven to be an antioxidant. This study makes a lotion formula containing dried Gotu kola herb with varying concentrations of emulgator span 60 and tween 60. It determines the concentration of span 60 and tween 60, producing lotions with the most stable physical quality and accelerated storage methods. The lotion was prepared using a concentration of Centellaasiatica (L.) Herbaceous Dry Herb extract of 1% and an Emulgator span 60 and tween 60 in a concentration variation of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The stability of the lotion was determined based on quality observations. The physical condition before and after the storage is accelerated for six cycles at a temperature of 5oC and 35oC in organoleptic, homogeneous, pH, viscosity, diffusion power, and emulsion type. The research results show the physical quality stability of formula I (5% emulgator) did not meet the requirements of the dispersion test before storage was accelerated. In contrast, the formula with a 7.5% emulgator met the physical quality requirements of the preparation before and after storage was accelerated. Additionally, the 10% emulgator did not meet the requirements of the dispersion test after accelerated storage. The type of emulsion in all three formulas is the M / A type. The most stable physical quality of the three preparations is a formula with a 7.5% emulgator.Keywords: Lotion, Gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb), physical quality, span, and tween.Pegagan (Centella asiatica(L.)Urb) merupakan tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia dan telah terbukti secara ilmiah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk membuat formula lotion yang  mengandung sari kering herba pegagan (Centella asiatica(L.) Urban) dengan variasi konsentrasi emulgator span 60 dan tween 60, dan untuk mengetahui konsetrasi span 60 dan tween 60 yang menghasilkan lotion dengan mutu fisik yang paling stabil dengan metode penyimpanan dipercepat. Sediaan dibuat lotion dengan konsentrasi sari Kering Herba  Pegagan (Centellaasiatica(L.) Urban ) sebesar 1% dan Emulgator span 60 serta tween 60 dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, dan 10% kemudian stabilitas sedian lotion ditentukan berdasarkan pengamatan mutu fisik sebelum dans sesudah penyimpanan dipercepat selama 6 siklus pada suhu 5oCdan 35oC yang meliputi organeleptis, homogentias, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan tipe emulsi. Hasil penelitian pada pengujian kestabilan mutu fisik formula I (emulgator 5%) tidak memenuhi syarat pada uji daya sebar sebelum penyimpanan dipercepat, sedangkan Formula dengan emulgator 7,5% memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik sediaan sebelum maupun sesudah penyimpanan dipercepat, dan formula dengan emulgator 10% tidak memenuhi syarat pada uji daya sebar setelah penyimpanan dipercepat, untuk tipe emulsi pada ketiga formula tersebut merupakan tipe emulsiM/A. Mutu fisik yang paling stabil dari ketiga sediaan tersebut adalah formula dengan emulgator 7,5%.Kata kunci : Lotion,  herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb), mutu fisik, span dan tween.

scholarly journals Changes in kinesiostabilogram parameters and movement speed of stroke patients while increasing their physical activity due to the use of biofeedback method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Zaborova ◽  
Anatoly Fesyun ◽  
Konstantin Gurevich ◽  
Alevtina Oranskaya ◽  
Alexey Rylsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Complications Of Stroke

Balance disorders are complications of stroke survivors. Aim of this study was the establish effectiveness of the biofeedback approach. In this intervention study 245 patients with early diagnosis of acute disturbance of cerebral circulation (ADCC) were examined. Patients able to move independently were treated by standard conservative ADCC therapy on an outpatient approach, but they continued to have problems with coordination of movement in upright position. Then they were submitted to an increasing physical activity based on five sessions of biofeedback, i.e., a complex rehabilitation of patients with motor pathology "Trust-M" according to TU 9442-001-63704475-2010. Mobility rates were assessed using a web camera. Patients' quality of life was evaluated by SF-36 questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All parameters were recorded before and after 5 sessions of biofeedback. After treatment, the stability indicators improved and all patients showed a significant increase in motion rate and quality of life. At the same time, the severity of pain and of depression and anxiety decreased. Negative correlations of average strength between the quadrant and patient HADS scaling rates were obtained. In conclusion, our work shows effectiveness of the biofeedback technique for correcting coordination in stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Colorimetric changes of waterbased flexographic ink printed on hemp-based papers exposed to artificial ageing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Plazonić ◽  
◽  
Irena Bates ◽  
Vesna Džimbeg-Malčić ◽  
Davor Zember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Optical Stability ◽  
Total Exposure Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colour Coordinates

The objective of the research was to investigate colorimetric changes of the waterbased flexographic ink printed on hemp-based papers subjected to artificial ageing. Three types of commercially available hemp office papers were used as printing substrate and by Esiproof instrument were printed manually in full tone with process waterbased flexographic inks. Both, papers and prints were exposed to artificial ageing in the Suntest XLS+ test chamber according ASTM D 6789-2 standard. The L∗, a∗, b∗ colour coordinates were measured and ΔE00 colour difference was calculated for different stages of light exposure in order to determine the change from the original color value. In total exposure time was 96 h. The results have shown how the paper optical stability is dependent upon manufacturing process and that bleached hemp fibers provides better optical stability of papers than unbleached hemp fibers. Further, stability of prints made on hemp-based papers is for the most part defined by ink color, while the impact of the printing substrate is less pronounced. Generally, it was noticed how the most stable among prints were prints covered with the black ink, while prints with the yellow ink had the greatest changes in color under the influence of light.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Imaging as Powerful Technique for Investigating the Stability of Painting Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Giuseppe Capobianco ◽  
Claudia Pelosi ◽  
Silvia Serranti
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ageing Procedure ◽  
Surface Changes

The aim of this work is to present the utilization of Hyperspectral Imaging for studying the stability of painting samples to simulated solar radiation, in order to evaluate their use in the restoration field. In particular, ready-to-use commercial watercolours and powder pigments were tested, with these last ones being prepared for the experimental by gum Arabic in order to propose a possible substitute for traditional reintegration materials. Samples were investigated through Hyperspectral Imaging in the short wave infrared range before and after artificial ageing procedure performed in Solar Box chamber under controlled conditions. Data were treated and elaborated in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the Hyperspectral Imaging technique to identify the variations on paint layers, induced by photo-degradation, before they could be detected by eye. Furthermore, a supervised classification method for monitoring the painted surface changes, adopting a multivariate approach was successfully applied.

scholarly journals The Working Conditions and Optimisation of a Large Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System in an Area at a Risk of Erosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zubala
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
The Stability

AbstractRainwater harvesting and treatment systems (RHTS) are used in many places around the world as a part of sustainable water management. They decrease the risk of overloading the sewage network and environmental pollution. The efficiency and reasonableness of using such solutions in specific erosive conditions are not sufficiently understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the operation of RHTS, receiving effluents from the wholesale market and fuel station (twenty years of observations). The studied system is located in an area endangered by water erosion. In the study period, due to the accumulation of erosive phenomena, it was necessary to optimise the system (including the installation of new devices and increasing the capacity of reservoirs). The analyses referred to the stability and work safety of the most important equipment and water treatment efficiency. The quality of water in the reservoirs was measured before and after the modernisation of the system. Selected physical, oxygen, biogenic and salinity indicators were determined in the water. During the study, RHTS had a positive effect on the quality of rainwater runoff – the values of many contaminants were reduced (RHTS 1: suspended solids, nitrogen, iron, potassium; RHTS 2: conductivity, suspended solids, nitrogen). Design and operational errors were noticed that in the long run may contribute to deteriorating the operational efficiency and even lead to a building collapse (intense erosive phenomena). This study clearly demonstrates that building a rainwater management system is a highly site-specific issue.

scholarly journals The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the reflectance spectra of prints on hemp papers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ivana Plazonić ◽  
◽  
Vesna Džimbeg-Malčić ◽  
Irena Bates ◽  
Gabriel Žilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Printing Techniques ◽  
Over Time

From the moment of production, paper as a printing substrate is exposed to the process of natural ageing regardless of the type of cellulose fibres in its composition. Accordingly, the prints produced by the various printing techniques are also exposed to several factors that impair the quality of the print i.e. its colour over time. Therefore, it is very important to properly select the printing substrate for achieving a high quality of graphic products. For that purpose, three types of papers with hemp fibres were used as printing substrates which were printed with laboratory hand-operated instrument Esiproof using flexographic cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K) water-based inks. Prints were artificially aged in SunTEST XLS+ test chamber according to standard ASTM D 6789-02 for 48 and 96 hours. Based on changes in the reflectance spectra of each printed ink after exposure to electromagnetic radiation it was noticed how composition of printing substrate strongly influence on colour stability of prints due time. An increase of exposure time to electromagnetic radiation leads to a decrease in the value of the reflectance of the printing substrate and cyan, magenta and yellow prints. It was confirmed how electromagnetic radiation have the greatest impact on the reflectance of yellow print, while the black one is the most stabile regardless of the substrate it was printed on.

The stability of dislocation networks under various oxygen-doping conditions in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals and their influence on the flux pinning properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 802-803
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
X. Y. Cai ◽  
R. J. Kelley ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Flux Pinning ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anomalous Peak ◽  
Basal Plane Dislocation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The issue of strong flux pinning is crucial to the further development of high critical current density Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) superconductors in conductor-like applications, yet the pinning mechanisms are still much debated. Anomalous peaks in the M-H (magnetization vs. magnetic field) loops are commonly observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) single crystals. Oxygen vacancies may be effective flux pinning centers in BSCCO, as has been found in YBCO. However, it has also been proposed that basal-plane dislocation networks also act as effective pinning centers. Yang et al. proposed that the characteristic scale of the basal-plane dislocation networksmay strongly depend on oxygen content and the anomalous peak in the M-H loop at ˜20-30K may be due tothe flux pinning of decoupled two-dimensional pancake vortices by the dislocation networks. In light of this, we have performed an insitu observation on the dislocation networks precisely at the same region before and after annealing in air, vacuumand oxygen, in order to verify whether the dislocation networks change with varying oxygen content Inall cases, we have not found any noticeable changes in dislocation structure, regardless of the drastic changes in Tc and the anomalous magnetization. Therefore, it does not appear that the anomalous peak in the M-H loops is controlled by the basal-plane dislocation networks.

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽  
Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

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