Design Technique of High Power Efficiency LLC DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Cells

This paper proposes a design technique of high power efficiency LLC DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Cells. The secondary side circuit and transformer fabrication of proposed circuit are optimized for overcoming the disadvantage of limited input voltage range and, realizing high power efficiency over a wide load range of LLC DC-DC converters. The optimized technique is described with theoretically and with simulation results. Some experimental results have been obtained with the prototype circuit designed for the 80 - 400 V input voltage range. The maximum power efficiency is 98 %.

Consolidated compendium of PV interconnection standards and guidelines across the globe in a smart grid

The environmental concerns and shortage in conventional energy has paved the way for utilizing renewable energy resources like photovoltaic energy (PV). As the grid is becoming smarter, the complexity associated with the conventional power system network has gone up with increased renewable energy penetration. Safety factor and reliable interconnection of various photovoltaic generators has become a major challenge in the smart grid environment. The ramifications associated with the PV interconnection needs an adherence to reliable operation of the grid without any violations. Standards or guidelines for grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems play a vital role in the PV interconnection. Several organizations and technical committees are constantly involved in research to update and revise such standards on a frequent basis throughout the world. The focus of this paper is to realize a consolidated compilation of PV interconnection standards across the globe. This survey will serve as a reference for improving standards for grid-connected PV systems in a smart grid environment.

Simulation of the Electrical Characteristics and Photon Absorption Profile of P3HT/PCBM Planar Hetero-junction Photovoltaic Cell

In this research work, the performance parameters , such as fill factor (FF), external offquantum efficiency (EQE) , maximum power density and photon absorption profile of a planar hetero-junction poly 3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) / phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photovoltaic cell has been simulated for different values of exciton diffusion length and thickness of donor layer where the simulation has been performed under the consideration of incident solar radiation of 1 kW/m2 irradiance , Air mass of 1.5, ambient temperature of 300K and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and Aluminium (Al) has been considered as the anode and cathode of the P3HT/PCBM solar cell respectively. The performance parameters and photon absorption profile of the P3HT/PCBM organic solar cell has been simulated for donor and acceptor layer thickness of 50, 60 and 70 nm and exciton diffusion length of 10, 15 and 20 nm . Finally, highest External Quantum Efficiency of 2.41% and Maximum Power Density of 24.10 W/m2 has been obtained for exciton diffusion length of 20 nm and donor thickness of 50 nm .

Analysis of the Energy Sector in Paraguay. Energy Balance in terms of Useful Energy 2011

The present work focuses on the analysis of the Paraguayan energy sector starting from the first Energy Balance in Useful Energy of Paraguay, elaborated through a joint project between Itaipu Binacional and the Itaipu Technological Park Foundation - Paraguay, with the collaboration of the Bariloche Foundation - Argentina, taking as base year 2011. The analysis examines the situation of the Paraguayan energy sector in hydroelectric energy, as well as the other components of the Energy Mix. Through the study of the different sectors of energy consumption, these being Residential, Industrial, Transportation, Agriculture and Forestry, and Commercial, Services and Public. The paper also summarizes the energy efficiency initiatives that have been implemented in some sectors, as well as other measures that are expected to be implemented to encourage the rational use of energy in all its sources. Finally, as a complement, the main results of the update to the year 2013 of the Energy Balance in Useful Energy used for the elaboration of National Energy Prospective, basis for the formulation of the Energy Policy Paraguay 2040.

Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a nonlinear speed controller design based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is presented in this paper. For tuning the PID controller, the speed control for PMSM was analyzed using PSO algorithm to optimize the parameters in terms of proportional gain (Kp), integral gain (Ki), and derivative gain (Kd). Moreover, the overall system is evaluated under various operating conditions such as starting, braking, load application and load removal. Besides this, comparison between speed control of PMSM using Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method and speed control of PMSM with PSO technique has been carried out. These analyses are estimated in terms of dynamic and static response. The transient response are examined in terms of settling time (ts), rise time (tr), peak time (tp), and peak overshoot (Mp). Overall, PID speed controller with PSO technique shows that the proposed method has improved the performance under the various operating conditions.

Battery Less Solar Power Controller to Drive Load at Constant Power Irrespective of Solar Radiation

In this paper, a 12V, 2.4W battery less solar power controller (BLSPC), capable of driving load at constant low power, has been proposed, designed and practically implemented with minimal efficiency sacrifice irrespective of solar radiance variation. This device utilizes power electronic circuits, more specifically a Buck-Boost DC-DC converter along with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to perform the desired task. Starting from 100w/solar radiation the controller can provide constant power 2.4 watts at 12V without using any storage facilities. The output voltage can be adjusted to any desired level from 0V to 12V DC depending on the application at consumer premises. In this work, efficiency up to 90% at shadow weather phenomenon has been achieved. Moreover, this power controller can be used in consumer premises for direct-coupled system with solar panel irrespective of solar radiation variance.

A SysML based hybrib photovoltaic-wind power system model

This paper presents a model of hybrid photovoltaic-wind power system based on SysML (System Modeling Language) which is a modeling language in supports to Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices. MBSE refers to a formalized procedure of systems development through the application of modeling principles, methods, languages and tools to the complete lifetime of a system. Broadly speaking, the modeling of power systems is performed using software such as Matlab/Simulink, DigSilent, PowerWorld, ETAP, etc. These tools allow modeling considering a particular point of view depending on the objective that is to be assessed. SysML offers different aspects ranging from specifications and requirements, structure and behavior. This study focuses more specifically on the structural and behavioral modeling of hybrid photovoltaic-wind system; the main objective is to demonstrate the use of SysML in power systems’ modeling by developing models capturing the system’s major requirements, the structure and connection between entities, the interaction between stakeholders and the system itself and lastly, the system’s behavior in terms of transition between states.