scholarly journals REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AREA IN THE PERIOD OF THE COLD WAR. TURKEY'S CONTRIBUTION TO REGIONAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Nicoleta Dragne
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cold War

The alliance belt between Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and Iraq led to the creation of the political-military bloc nicknamed the Baghdad Pact, which aimed to limit Soviet expansionism to the warm seas and the Gulf and to ensure peace and security in the Middle East region.Another trio of non-Arab states in the East: Turkey, Israel and Iran formed an influential military alliance in the late 1950s under the name of the Phantom Pact or the Peripheral Alliance in order to coordinate the activity of the three secret intelligence services, to coordinate their activities. express their anti-Soviet stance and maintain regional security. Equally, Turkey's involvement in regional affairs played an essential role. Today, the presence of the UN in the area, is facing a new danger of our times: terrorism.

Transnational Relationships between the Italian Revolutionary Left and Palestinian Militants during the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-70
Author(s):  
Luca Falciola
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Transnational Ties ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

This article examines the transnational ties between the Italian revolutionary left and Palestinian militants from the mid-1960s through the early 1980s. Some observers have cited these connections to explain the magnitude of Italian terrorism in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, in the absence of empirical research, the issue has remained murky. The archival sources and detailed interviews with protagonists used in the article shed light on this phenomenon by addressing four questions: first, the reception of the Palestinian cause within the Italian revolutionary left; second, the way Palestinian terrorist groups established roots in Italy and how the political context facilitated those efforts; third, the interactions between Italian and Palestinian militants both in Italy and in the Middle East; and fourth, the factors that strengthened or weakened the relationships between these entities. The evidence indicates that although Italian revolutionaries forged concrete ties with Palestinian militants and terrorists, these ties were not as extensively developed as some of the Italian leftists had hoped. The interactions encouraged radicalization but did not significantly foster violent escalation and terrorism in Italy.

scholarly journals Problems of international governance in the middle east during the cold war period

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Fisanov
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to little-known aspects of the political and military developments in the Middle East during the Cold War – from the division of Palestine into two states and until the mid-1950s. The focus is on the confrontation between the two superpowers of the United States and the USSR for their influence on Arab countries. This article uses little-known documentary material, as well as the display of some of the described international events in contemporary film documentaries. It was clarified that in the investigated period the first steps of the policy of large foreign military aid and cooperation on development issues in the Middle East were carried out, first of all, on the part of the USSR and the USA. It was emphasized in particular that then two international coalitions were formed – the monarchical Arab regimes and Israel were supported by the official Washington, and the national revolutionary regimes, where the military forces came to power (Egypt, Syria), cooperated with Moscow. Keywords: Middle East, Great Britain, USA, USSR, Israel, Egypt, Lebanon, Cold War, supply of weapons, digital cinema collections

Gangsters and Other Statesmen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Mandić
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The Political ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Nonstate Actor ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Cold War

Separatism has been on the rise across the world since the end of the Cold War, dividing countries through political strife, ethnic conflict, and civil war, and redrawing the political map. This book examines the role transnational mafias play in the success and failure of separatist movements, challenging conventional wisdom about the interrelation of organized crime with peacebuilding, nationalism, and state making. The book demonstrates how globalized mafias shape the politics of borders in torn states, shedding critical light on an autonomous nonstate actor that has been largely sidelined by considerations of geopolitics, state-centered agency, and ethnonationalism. Blending extensive archival sleuthing and original ethnographic data with insights from sociology and other disciplines, the book argues that organized crime can be a fateful determinant of state capacity, separatist success, and ethnic conflict. Putting mafias at the center of global processes of separatism and territorial consolidation, the book raises vital questions and urges reconsideration of a host of separatist cases in West Africa, the Middle East, and East Europe.

scholarly journals The Socialist Countries, North Africa and the Middle East in the Cold War: The Educational Connection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Constantin Katsakioris
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Mutual Economic Assistance ◽  
The Cold War

This article revisits the Eastern Bloc's educational assistance provided to North Africa and the Middle East during the Cold War. It highlights the political and economic premises, interests and policies at play, and investigates the role of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. It examines the creation of schools in North Africa and the Middle East and the training of students in the socialist countries. The article argues for the centrality of education in the international policy of the Eastern Bloc, further demonstrating its importance in the political economy of the relations with the countries of North Africa and the Middle East.

scholarly journals Russia’s Role in the Formation of the Conceptual Provisions of the Eurasian security

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
K. P. Kurylev ◽  
N. S. Danyuk ◽  
E. V. Semibratov ◽  
M. A. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Security System ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
The Cold War

The article analyses the main concepts in the field of security that Russia proposed in the space of “Greater Eurasia” . By “Greater Eurasia” the author’s team means the area of the entire Eurasian continent from Western Europe to Southeast Asia . The most challenging problems to the formation of a unified security system, the authors include the presence within these limits of a large number of diverse macro-regions, as well as features of the political situation at the current historical stage . Therefore, the authors consider the basics of security in Eurasia through the prism of security of two continents of the same continent-Europe and Asia . If we make a comparative analysis between these two regions, we can see that the institutions for regional security in Europe are at a higher institutional level, but the Asian part of the continent is entirely free from various kinds of moral consequences of the “cold war” . These circumstances make this region more promising in terms of the basis for building a unified security system capable of covering the entire continent . This trend is a logical continuation of the fact that the centres of gravity of global politics and the economy in the last two decades began to move towards South-East Asia .

4. The Middle East since the Cold War: The multi-layered (in)security Dilemma

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahgat Korany
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Arab Spring

This chapter examines the evolving regional security situation in the Middle East since the end of the Cold War. While longstanding issues like the Arab–Israeli conflict and the nuclearization of Iran still characterize the regional security context, the biggest game changer has been a series of domestic events that came to be known as the Arab Spring. The chapter considers old and new security challenges — economic, political, and social — faced by the Middle East during the period, focusing on the role of ‘intermestics’: the close connection between the international and domestic politics of the region. It also explores other key themes that have come to dominate the contemporary international relations of the region, including oil, globalization, and religio-politics. Finally, it discusses the notion of ‘Arab exceptionalism’ and the winds of change that continue to persist throughout the region.

scholarly journals KETIDAKSTABILAN KAWASAN DAN PENINGKATAN PERAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DI ASIA TIMUR PASCA PERANG DINGIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Bayu Purwa Eka Payani
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War

ABSTRAKSetelah Perang Dingin berakhir, AS mulai menguasai dunia baik dari segi ideologi maupun pengaruh lainnya. Asia Timur merupakan salah satu medan peperangan antara ideologi liberal dan komunis, yang sampai saat ini ketegangan antar negara masih terjadi. Situasi yang tidak pasti dan tidak stabil membuat AS sebagai pemenang perang serta aliansi dari Jepang dan Korea Selatan, ikut campur dalam mengatur pemetaan keamanan di kawasan tersebut. Ketidakstabilan muncul saat negara-negara di kawasan berusaha untuk melakukan military build-up untuk mengimbangi kekuatan negara lain, konflik-konflik internal antar negara, serta provokasi senjata nuklir Korea Utara yang tidak hanya mengancam kawasan tetapi juga AS. Untuk menghadapi ini, AS perlu meningkatkan perannya dalam menjawab ketidakstabilan keamanan di kawasan Asia Timur.Kata kunci: ketidakstabilan, keamanan regional, aliansi militer.ABSTRACTAfter The Cold War ended, US started to dominate the whole world with its ideology and other influences. East Asia is one of the battlefields between Liberal and Communist Ideology, which is until now; the tense is still felt among the countries. The uncertain and unstable situation made US as a victor and close alliance to Japan and South Korea to intervene in setting security map in the region. Instability emerges when the countries within region try to build their military up (military buildup) to offset one another, internal conflicts between countries, and nuclear provocation by North Korea, which is not only threatening region but also the US existence in the region. To encounter these challenges, US needs to increase its role in settling instability in East Asia.Keywords: instability, regional security, military alliance

Espionage and Exile

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Lassner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
John Le Carre ◽  
The Cold War

Espionage and Exile demonstrates that from the 1930s through the Cold War, British Writers Eric Ambler, Helen MacInnes, Ann Bridge, Pamela Frankau, John le Carré and filmmaker Leslie Howard combined propaganda and popular entertainment to call for resistance to political oppression. Instead of constituting context, the political engagement of these spy fictions bring the historical crises of Fascist and Communist domination to the forefront of twentieth century literary history. They deploy themes of deception and betrayal to warn audiences of the consequences of Nazi Germany's conquests and later, the fusion of Fascist and Communist oppression. Featuring protagonists who are stateless and threatened refugees, abandoned and betrayed secret agents, and politically engaged or entrapped amateurs, all in states of precarious exile, these fictions engage their historical subjects to complicate extant literary meanings of transnational, diaspora and performativity. Unsettling distinctions between villain and victim as well as exile and belonging dramatizes relationships between the ethics of espionage and responses to international crises. With politically charged suspense and narrative experiments, these writers also challenge distinctions between literary, middlebrow, and popular culture.

Nasser's Gamble

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Arab Spring

This book draws on declassified documents from six countries and original material in Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Russian to present a new understanding of Egypt's disastrous five-year intervention in Yemen, which Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser later referred to as “my Vietnam.” The book argues that Nasser's attempt to export the Egyptian revolution to Yemen played a decisive role in destabilizing Egypt's relations with the Cold War powers, tarnishing its image in the Arab world, ruining its economy, and driving its rulers to instigate the fatal series of missteps that led to war with Israel in 1967. Viewing the Six Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen, the book demonstrates that the most important Cold War conflict in the Middle East was not the clash between Israel and its neighbors. It was the inter-Arab struggle between monarchies and republics over power and legitimacy. Egypt's defeat in the “Arab Cold War” set the stage for the rise of Saudi Arabia and political Islam. Bold and provocative, this book brings to life a critical phase in the modern history of the Middle East. Its compelling analysis of Egypt's fall from power in the 1960s offers new insights into the decline of Arab nationalism, exposing the deep historical roots of the Arab Spring of 2011.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

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