Cenzura w Biblii

The article focuses on the analysis of an interview regarding Bible translation and related censorship. The author comments on the statements of one of the interlocutors, adding her own insights and analyses. Bible translators make certain parts of the text more approachable, as was the case with the refrain to Song of Songs, which, in most translations, mentions “embracing” while the protestant Bible contains the correct translation, i.e. “caressing.” Similarly, translators correct the Bible, as they have a different notion of what a sacral text should look like. For example, they introduce neutral phrases instead of offensive words. In Czajkowski’s opinion, translators often censor the Bible, trying to make the text less blunt. However, sometimes discrepancies are a result of not understanding the original text. Not always are these differences a consequence of the translator’s work, though. It is clearly visible e.g. in the case of “pneuma,” a word which can be translated into ghost or soul, spelled with a small letter, or the Holy Ghost. The author does not support the so-called “inclusive” translation. The inspired text should not be changed. Such changes can be replaced with explanations or comments. In order to discover the original meaning of the Holy Scripture, one can compare one of the Polish translations with translations into other foreign languages or other translations into Polish.

Aplikacja modelu badawczego ARTS w tłumaczeniu

Having presented directions of development in Translation Studies, based on themes of subsequent European Society for Translation Studies Congresses; as well as the chronology of changes and turns in translation research, the author presents the Action Research in Translation Studies (ARTS) model, which combines functionalist theories in TS with translation practice. ARTS aims at using theoretical cogitation in TS in order to introduce specific translation activities. The application of the ARTS model is illustrated here by the analysis of the Katzenjammer Kids translation unit. The conclusions regard the translator’s decision process and the influence of cultural conditioning on the creation of meaning in translation.

Ekwiwalencja tłumaczeniowa jako urojenie

The article discusses the notion of translation equivalence, reconstructed so many times that in time it became illusory. While equivalence types, discussed here, were supposed to guarantee a scholarly approach towards translation, they instead lead to chaos. In order to understand certain concepts, the present article suggests a solution based on cognitive linguistics. The proposed change to the way equivalence is analyzed consists in differentiating between denotational and referential meanings. To illustrate intersemiotic translation, the author provides examples of geometrical figures, which implicated that the way of thinking about equivalence may indeed change.

Badanie preferencji dotyczących przekładu audiowizualnego wśród polskich widzów

The article looks into how audiovisual material is received by the audience as films are rendered from one language to another with the use of subtitles, voiceover, or dubbing. Reported here is a questionnaire-based study whose aim was to identify the key patterns in the reception of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) in Poland. The study investigates different AVT modes and incorporates a range of parameters that could be shaping viewer experience and preferences. The factors are divided into five categories, such as the source text-target text relationship, cognitive effort, the nature of a given film type (e.g. a documentary, a comedy series), variables that condition the choice of a translation mode, as well as technological advances as a possible incentive changing viewer behavior. Also, within our pool of subjects, we discern three respondent profiles – corresponding to three university specializations – which make it possible to shed added light on the article’s central constructs.

O obecności tłumacza

The following text concentrates on the presence of the translator, who plays a multitude of roles in the life of translatology, e.g. “transparent glass” or “efficient interface,” depending on the perspective. The translator, currently seen as an object of analysis by theorists of translation, is treated as a person entitled to make decisions, conscious decisions, and who becomes a source whose translation may be interpreted. Due to the inevitability of the translator’s presence in the translated text, it is worth looking at the source text through the translator’s eyes and analyzing his or her decisions. The theoretical background of this article is Langacker’s model pertaining to the choice of linguistic means that convey the language-user’s intentions best; Lakoff’s theory of metaphors; and George Lüdi’s theory of marks left by the translator in the translated text. The analyzed texts have been taken from the different translations of the Bible such as: the Jakub Wujek Bible, New International Version, and the Millennium Bible. The analysis proves that the translator as a subject is a source of research whose direction has changed in the recent years.

Lokalizacja a przekład dla dzieci. Jak utwory strasznieją i mądrzeją w tłumaczeniu na przykładzie Stasia Straszydło i Mądrej Myszy

In translation studies, the term localization is mostly associated with areas connected to new technologies, such as software, websites or computer games. The origins of localization in the form known currently is dated to the mid-1980s, with the dynamic development of computers available to the masses (Schäler 2010). The main aim of this article is to explore whether the concept of localization can be used in a meaningful way to analyse other types of texts in interlingual and intercultural transfer, including texts written before the modern form of localization appeared. The analysis will be illustrated by two case studies taken from the field of children’s literature. The first concerns the Polish rendition of the 19th century classic Der Struwwelpeter while the second one a Polish translation of a contemporary book from the Lesemaus series. Both texts are examples of multimodal texts, that is, picture books for children.

Między przekładem wiernym a parafrazą: wpływ czynników socjolingwistycznych na dobór techniki tłumacza

The aim of the article is to analyze two Psalter translations, translation by Richard Rolle into English, and by Walanty Wróbel into Polish, in order to determine factors which may have influenced the translator’s choice of translation techniques. Subsequent sections describe the sociolinguistic context of the times when the translations originated, the target language, as well as translation techniques used to obtain the target text. Medieval attitudes towards translated texts seem to have had almost no influence on the choice of a translation technique; thus, the author draws an elicit assumption that the translation style had no correlation with the cultural context, understood as a special attitude towards religious texts. The addressee had an influence on the final shape of translation, but they did not influence specific translation techniques used to render the text.

Glottodydaktyka a przekład i dydaktyka przekładu: konkurencja czy synergia

From time immemorial, reflection upon foreign language learning has made regular reference to translation practice; translation would be regarded at times as supportive of language learning. A radical attempt to eradicate translation from the foreign language classroom comes no sooner than the 20th century. The Direct Method eliminates translation completely from its language pedagogic application, while the CLT seems to have always been rather hesitant to make reference to L1, and hence to utilize translation in developing language skills in L1 and L2. The historical outline of the relationship between language learning and translation serves only as a background for the main topic of the article, i.e. an elaboration on what this relation can look like in the future. The idea is to show areas of synergy between the two, areas in which translation activities can help language learners grow and function in globalized human communication.

Rzecz o Kubusiu i Fredzi, czyli o nazwach własnych w dwóch polskich przekładach tekstów Alana Alexandra Milne’a

Winnie­the­Pooh, a literary work published by Alan Alexander Milne in 1926, has been appreciated by readers worldwide for nearly a century. The story about a little bear and his companions was first bellowed in book version, then became one of Disney’s best and unforgettable adaptations. The text proves rather difficult to translate, for Milne demonstrated great creativity, particularly in naming his characters and various places. It is rife with many ambiguous expressions, neologisms, onomatopoeias, and intentional language errors. The name of the eponymous bear, for instance, Winnie­the­Pooh, well illustrates the difficulty in translation, for Winnie, a reportedly diminutive form of Winifred, is allegedly a female name, whereas the bear is referred to as male. The Pooh part has also proven problematic in translation.The following article is an attempt at analyzing selected proper names in two Polish translations of the story. In 1938, Irena Tuwim published a translation entitled Kubuś Puchatek, which Polish readers immediately fell in love with. In 1986, Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska published her translation, Fredzia Phi­Phi. It attracted a deluge of negative com-ments and contemptuous reactions with many readers expressing dislike for Fredzia Phi­Phi, viewing it as a crime against the lauded first translation – which, as it happens, contains many mistakes and strays far from the original text.