scholarly journals Plasmalogen homeostasis – regulation of plasmalogen biosynthesis and its physiological consequence in mammals

FEBS Letters ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 591 (18) ◽  
pp. 2720-2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Honsho ◽  
Yukio Fujiki
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Consequence ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marwa Brahmi ◽  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Ihmen Hammadi ◽  
Jacques Portanguen ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Physiological Consequence ◽  
Peak Release ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Concentration Patterns

Abstract This research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.

scholarly journals Micro RNAs in Regulation of Cellular Redox Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciesielska ◽  
Izabella Slezak-Prochazka ◽  
Patryk Bil ◽  
Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductases

In living cells Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) participate in intra- and inter-cellular signaling and all cells contain specific systems that guard redox homeostasis. These systems contain both enzymes which may produce ROS such as NADPH-dependent and other oxidases or nitric oxide synthases, and ROS-neutralizing enzymes such as catalase, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, glutathione reductases, and many others. Most of the genes coding for these enzymes contain sequences targeted by micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are components of RNA-induced silencing complexes and play important roles in inhibiting translation of their targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this review we describe miRNAs that directly target and can influence enzymes responsible for scavenging of ROS and their possible role in cellular redox homeostasis. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes aims to adjust cells to survive in unstable oxidative environments; however, sometimes seemingly paradoxical phenomena appear where oxidative stress induces an increase in the levels of miRNAs which target genes which are supposed to neutralize ROS and therefore would be expected to decrease antioxidant levels. Here we show examples of such cellular behaviors and discuss the possible roles of miRNAs in redox regulatory circuits and further cell responses to stress.

scholarly journals Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Julia Zaborowska ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Annika Perry ◽  
Stephen Cavers ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Mountain Plants

Mountain plants, challenged by vegetation time contractions and dynamic changes in environmental conditions, developed adaptations that help them to balance their growth, reproduction, survival, and regeneration. However, knowledge regarding the genetic basis of species adaptation to higher altitudes remain scarce for most plant species. Here, we attempted to identify such corresponding genomic regions of high evolutionary importance in two closely related European pines, Pinus mugo and P. uncinata, contrasting them with a reference lowland relative—P. sylvestris. We genotyped 438 samples at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, tested their genetic differentiation and population structure followed by outlier detection and gene ontology annotations. Markers clearly differentiated the species and uncovered patterns of population structure in two of them. In P. uncinata three Pyrenean sites were grouped together, while two outlying populations constituted a separate cluster. In P. sylvestris, Spanish population appeared distinct from the remaining four European sites. Between mountain pines and the reference species, 35 candidate genes for altitude-dependent selection were identified, including such encoding proteins responsible for photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell redox homeostasis, regulation of transcription, and mRNA processing. In comparison between two mountain pines, 75 outlier SNPs were found in proteins involved mainly in the gene expression and metabolism.

scholarly journals SAT0467 LOW SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN GLUCOCORTICOID TREATED PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1191.1-1191
Author(s):  
H. Florez ◽  
J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
J. L. Carrasco ◽  
S. Prieto-González ◽  
X. Filella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Turnover Markers

Background:Increasing evidence indicates that osteocalcin (OC) is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is associated with impaired osteoblast function and decreased OC levels and also with the development of CG-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM). However, whether decreased OC levels in GC-treated subjects contribute to GIDM is not well known.Objectives:To analyse whether OC levels in GC-treated patients are associated with the presence of GIDM.Methods:127 patients (aged 62±18years, 63% women) on GC treatment for autoimmune diseases (≥5mg/day, >3 months) were included. Clinical and anthropometric data were analysed, including the GC dose and treatment duration, presence of GIDM, fragility fractures, densitometric osteoporosis and bone formation (OC, bone alkaline phosphatase [BAP], PINP) and resorption markers (urinary NTX, serum CTX). The cut-offs of each bone marker for the presence of GIDM were estimated and optimized with the Youden index and included in the logistic regression analysis (adjusted for BMI, age and GC doses).Results:17.3% of patients presented GIDM. Diabetic subjects were older (70.5±12.2 vs. 59.6±18.4, p=0.001) and had a higher BMI than non-diabetics (30±5.2 vs. 26±4.2, p=0.002). No differences were observed in GC dose or duration or in the presence of vertebral fractures. Diabetics showed lower levels of OC (7.57±1.01 vs. 11.56±1; p<0.001), PINP (21.48±1.01 vs. 28.39±1; p=0.0048), NTx (24.91±1.01 vs. 31.7±1; p=0.036) and CTX (0.2±1.01 vs. 0.3±1; p=0.0016) with similar BAP values. The best discriminating cut-offs for GIDM presence were: <9.25ng/mL for OC, <24ng/mL for PINP, <27.5nMol/mM for NTX and <0.25ng/mL for CTX. On multivariate analysis OC (<9.25) was the only marker related to the presence of GIDM (OR 6.1; CI95% 1.87-19.89; p=0.001).Conclusion:Decreased OC levels in GC-treated patients are associated with an increased risk of GIDM, a finding that was not observed with other bone turnover markers, further confirming the involvement of OC in the glucose homeostasis regulation in this entity.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Iron-homeostasis regulation by neuronal oxygen sensors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. S50
Author(s):  
Leonor Romero ◽  
Veronica Zelmanovich ◽  
Binyamin Zuckerman ◽  
Zohar Abergel ◽  
Rachel Abergel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

scholarly journals Physiological Consequence of Disruption of theVMA1Gene in the Riboflavin OverproducerAshbya gossypii

1999 ◽  
Vol 274 (14) ◽  
pp. 9442-9448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Förster ◽  
Maria A. Santos ◽  
Susanne Ruffert ◽  
Reinhard Krämer ◽  
José L. Revuelta
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Consequence

scholarly journals Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Hanna Lewandowska ◽  
Karolina Wójciuk ◽  
Urszula Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
State Changes

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) have found applications in various fields of medicine, industry, and environmental protection. This review discusses the use of nanozymes in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. We also review the latest biomedical applications of nanozymes related to their use in cellular redox status modification and detection. We present how nanozymes enable biomedical advances and demonstrate basic design strategies to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions for developing nanozymes for applications in the regulation of the redox-dependent cellular processes and detection in the cellular redox state changes.

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