Energy Homeostasis Regulation in Drosophila: A Lipocentric Perspective

2010 ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Kühnlein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

scholarly journals Evidence for hypothalamic ketone body sensing: impact on food intake and peripheral metabolic responses in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (2) ◽  
pp. E103-E115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Carneiro ◽  
Sarah Geller ◽  
Xavier Fioramonti ◽  
Audrey Hébert ◽  
Cendrine Repond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Body Concentration

Monocarboxylates have been implicated in the control of energy homeostasis. Among them, the putative role of ketone bodies produced notably during high-fat diet (HFD) has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of a specific rise in cerebral ketone bodies on food intake and energy homeostasis regulation. A carotid infusion of ketone bodies was performed on mice to stimulate sensitive brain areas for 6 or 12 h. At each time point, food intake and different markers of energy homeostasis were analyzed to reveal the consequences of cerebral increase in ketone body level detection. First, an increase in food intake appeared over a 12-h period of brain ketone body perfusion. This stimulated food intake was associated with an increased expression of the hypothalamic neuropeptides NPY and AgRP as well as phosphorylated AMPK and is due to ketone bodies sensed by the brain, as blood ketone body levels did not change at that time. In parallel, gluconeogenesis and insulin sensitivity were transiently altered. Indeed, a dysregulation of glucose production and insulin secretion was observed after 6 h of ketone body perfusion, which reversed to normal at 12 h of perfusion. Altogether, these results suggest that an increase in brain ketone body concentration leads to hyperphagia and a transient perturbation of peripheral metabolic homeostasis.

Age, sex, and lactating status regulate ghrelin secretion and GOAT mRNA levels from isolated rat stomach

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. E341-E350 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Al-Massadi ◽  
A. B. Crujeiras ◽  
R. C. González ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
C. Diéguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

Ghrelin is a stomach derivate peptide involved in energy homeostasis regulation, and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the enzyme responsible for ghrelin acylation. Puberty is a period characterized by profound changes in the metabolic requirements and notable variations of sexual hormone levels. On the other hand, the weaning process is a fundamental modification of the diet, which implicates several adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract physiology. Until now the direct secretion of ghrelin by the stomach in these conditions, without interferences from other organs, has never been studied. The main objective of this article was to investigate how the stomach modulates ghrelin production and secretion as well as GOAT expression on these periods of life. Gastric ghrelin secretion is regulated through postnatal life in an independent way of gastric expression and circulating levels of this hormone. The present work shows a strong regulation of gastric ghrelin secretion by estrogens. The weaning strongly regulates gastric ghrelin secretion. Animals subjected to delayed weaning present a lower body weight than the corresponding controls. For the first time, it is shown that a noticeable decrease in circulating levels of testosterone and estrogens is associated with delay of weaning. GOAT mRNA levels in the stomach are strongly regulated by age, breastfeeding, and testosterone. In conclusion, the stomach itself regulates ghrelin and GOAT production to adapt the organism to the metabolic requirements demanded through each stage of life.

scholarly journals The Role of Peptide Hormones Discovered in the 21st Century in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Paweł A. Kołodziejski ◽  
Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek ◽  
Tatiana Wojciechowicz ◽  
Maciej Sassek ◽  
Natalia Leciejewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

Peptide hormones play a prominent role in controlling energy homeostasis and metabolism. They have been implicated in controlling appetite, the function of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, energy expenditure, and reproduction. Furthermore, there is growing evidence indicating that peptide hormones and their receptors contribute to energy homeostasis regulation by interacting with white and brown adipose tissue. In this article, we review and discuss the literature addressing the role of selected peptide hormones discovered in the 21st century (adropin, apelin, elabela, irisin, kisspeptin, MOTS-c, phoenixin, spexin, and neuropeptides B and W) in controlling white and brown adipogenesis. Furthermore, we elaborate how these hormones control adipose tissue functions in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Dominant Role of the p110β Isoform of PI3K over p110α in Energy Homeostasis Regulation by POMC and AgRP Neurons

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Al-Qassab ◽  
Mark A. Smith ◽  
Elaine E. Irvine ◽  
Julie Guillermet-Guibert ◽  
Marc Claret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Heo ◽  
Sung-Eun Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyung Sung
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million people estimated to have died of cancer in 2018. Excess body fat deposition is a risk factor for many types of cancer. Men and women exhibit differences in body fat distribution and energy homeostasis regulation. This systematic review aimed to understand why sex disparities in obesity are associated with sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon are representative gastrointestinal cancers, and obesity is a convincing risk factor for their development. Numerous epidemiological studies have found sex differences in the incidence of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers. We suggest that these sexual disparities are partly explained by the availability of estrogens and other genetic factors regulating inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Sex differences in gut microbiota composition may contribute to differences in the incidence and phenotype of colorectal cancer. To establish successful practices in personalized nutrition and medicine, one should be aware of the sex differences in the pathophysiology and associated mechanisms of cancer development.

scholarly journals Homeostasis Regulation by Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 3 (KCNK3) in Various Fishes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Yong Wen ◽  
Chuan-Jie Qin ◽  
Yun-Yun Lv ◽  
Yan-Ping Li ◽  
Yuan-Chao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

Potassium channels are important for K+ transport and cell volume regulation, which play important roles in many biological processes such as hormone secretion, ion homeostasis, excitability, and cell development. In mammals, a total of 15 potassium channels were identified and they were divided into six subfamilies, including TALK (TALK1, TALK2, TASK2), TASK (TASK1, TASK3, TASK5), TREK (TREK1, TREK2, TRAAK), TWIK (TWIK1, TWIK2, KCNK7), THIK (THIK1, THIK2) and TRESK. TASK1, also known as potassium channel subfamily k member 3 (KCNK3), is the first member identified in the TASK subfamily. This K2P channel has potential applications in fish breeding and aquaculture industry due to its important roles in various physiological processes. Despite its functional role has been well studied in mammals; however, it is less known in fishes. In this review, we systematically summarize recent research advances of this critical potassium channel in representative fishes, such as gene number variation, tissue distribution, phylogeny, and potential homeostasis regulation role. This paper provides novel insights into the functional properties of these fish kcnk3 genes (including osmoregulation, energy homeostasis maintenance and fatty acids metabolism regulation), and also expands our knowledge about their variations among diverse fishes.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Aquaporin-7 Permeability Regulation by pH

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Mósca ◽  
Andreia de Almeida ◽  
Darren Wragg ◽  
Ana Martins ◽  
Farzana Sabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Electrostatic Charges ◽  
Aquaporin 7 ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Extracellular Environment

The aquaglyceroporin AQP7, a family member of aquaporin membrane channels, facilitates the permeation of water and glycerol through cell membranes and is crucial for body lipid and energy homeostasis. Regulation of glycerol permeability via AQP7 is considered a promising therapeutic strategy towards fat-related metabolic complications. Here, we used a yeast aqy-null strain for heterologous expression and functional analysis of human AQP7 and investigated its regulation by pH. Using a combination of in vitro and in silico approaches, we found that AQP7 changes from fully permeable to virtually closed at acidic pH, and that Tyr135 and His165 facing the extracellular environment are crucial residues for channel permeability. Moreover, instead of reducing the pore size, the protonation of key residues changes AQP7’s protein surface electrostatic charges, which, in turn, may decrease glycerol’s binding affinity to the pore, resulting in decreased permeability. In addition, since some pH-sensitive residues are located at the monomer-monomer interface, decreased permeability may result from cooperativity between AQP7’s monomers. Considering the importance of glycerol permeation via AQP7 in multiple pathophysiological conditions, this mechanism of hAQP7 pH-regulation may help the design of selective modulators targeting aquaglyceroporin-related disorders.

scholarly journals Hypo-cortisolism, early onset obesity and liver disease in a child with homozygous proopiomelanocortin mutation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Rajesh Joshi ◽  
Krishna Malagi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Peptide Derivatives ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Derivatives Of

The peptide derivatives of proopiomelanocortin molecule are involved in energy homeostasis, regulation of food intake, skin pigmentation and augment biliary flow. Homozygous mutation in POMC gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, is associated with hyperphagia leading to early onset obesity, hypoglycaemia and neonatal cholestasis due to cortisol deficiency and red hair pigmentation as a result of alpha MSH deficiency. We report a child having multiple episodes of hypoglycemia with this disorder who presented like liver disease. Our case report highlights the importance of early suspicion of this rare condition and confirmation with genetic analysis.

scholarly journals AMPK is essential for energy homeostasis regulation and glucose sensing by POMC and AgRP neurons

2007 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 2325-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Claret ◽  
Mark A. Smith ◽  
Rachel L. Batterham ◽  
Colin Selman ◽  
Agharul I. Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation

scholarly journals Mens sana in corpore sano: Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Carneiro ◽  
Corinne Leloup
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Body Energy

Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, through cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations applied to almost all diseases. Among those disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease or Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered as putatively improved by diet intervention. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods, and how they can affect various physiological function. Several results provide indications of efficiency of low glycemic index diets in weight management, insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving glycemic index could provide new insight in the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review we will summarize main evidences on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document