scholarly journals Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Hanna Lewandowska ◽  
Karolina Wójciuk ◽  
Urszula Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
State Changes

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) have found applications in various fields of medicine, industry, and environmental protection. This review discusses the use of nanozymes in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. We also review the latest biomedical applications of nanozymes related to their use in cellular redox status modification and detection. We present how nanozymes enable biomedical advances and demonstrate basic design strategies to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions for developing nanozymes for applications in the regulation of the redox-dependent cellular processes and detection in the cellular redox state changes.

Nrf2 and selenoproteins are essential for maintaining oxidative homeostasis in erythrocytes and protecting against hemolytic anemia

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukie Kawatani ◽  
Takafumi Suzuki ◽  
Ritsuko Shimizu ◽  
Vincent P. Kelly ◽  
Masayuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Thymus Atrophy ◽  
Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidative Homeostasis

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly destructive toward cellular macromolecules. However, moderate levels of ROS can contribute to normal cellular processes including signaling. Herein we evaluate the consequence of a pro-oxidant environment on hematopoietic homeostasis. The NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor regulates genes related to ROS scavenging and detoxification. Nrf2 responds to altered cellular redox status, such as occurs with loss of antioxidant selenoproteins after deletion of the selenocysteine-tRNA gene (Trsp). Conditional knockout of the Trsp gene using Mx1-inducible Cre-recombinase leads to selenoprotein deficiency and anemia on a wild-type background, whereas Trsp:Nrf2 double deficiency dramatically exacerbates the anemia and increases intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels in erythroblasts. Results indicate that Nrf2 compensates for defective ROS scavenging when selenoproteins are lost from erythroid cells. We also observed thymus atrophy in single Trsp-conditional knockout mice, suggesting a requirement for selenoprotein function in T-cell differentiation within the thymus. Surprisingly, no changes were observed in the myelomonocytic or megakaryocytic populations. Therefore, our results show that selenoprotein activity and the Nrf2 gene battery are particularly important for oxidative homeostasis in erythrocytes and for the prevention of hemolytic anemia.

Identification, Prediction and Data Analysis of Noncoding RNAs: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Emamjomeh ◽  
Javad Zahiri ◽  
Mehrdad Asadian ◽  
Mehrdad Behmanesh ◽  
Barat A. Fakheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Structural Prediction ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Fast Prediction

Background:Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) which play an important role in various cellular processes are important in medicine as well as in drug design strategies. Different studies have shown that ncRNAs are dis-regulated in cancer cells and play an important role in human tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify and predict such molecules by experimental and computational methods, respectively. However, to avoid expensive experimental methods, computational algorithms have been developed for accurately and fast prediction of ncRNAs.Objective:The aim of this review was to introduce the experimental and computational methods to identify and predict ncRNAs structure. Also, we explained the ncRNA’s roles in cellular processes and drugs design, briefly.Method:In this survey, we will introduce ncRNAs and their roles in biological and medicinal processes. Then, some important laboratory techniques will be studied to identify ncRNAs. Finally, the state-of-the-art models and algorithms will be introduced along with important tools and databases.Results:The results showed that the integration of experimental and computational approaches improves to identify ncRNAs. Moreover, the high accurate databases, algorithms and tools were compared to predict the ncRNAs.Conclusion:ncRNAs prediction is an exciting research field, but there are different difficulties. It requires accurate and reliable algorithms and tools. Also, it should be mentioned that computational costs of such algorithm including running time and usage memory are very important. Finally, some suggestions were presented to improve computational methods of ncRNAs gene and structural prediction.

scholarly journals CeO2 Nanoparticle-Containing Polymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Shcherbakov ◽  
Vladimir V. Reukov ◽  
Alexander V. Yakimansky ◽  
Elena L. Krasnopeeva ◽  
Olga S. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Biomedical Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Potential

The development of advanced composite biomaterials combining the versatility and biodegradability of polymers and the unique characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles unveils new horizons in emerging biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration, drug delivery and gene therapy, theranostics and medical imaging. Nanocrystalline cerium(IV) oxide, or nanoceria, stands out from a crowd of other metal oxides as being a truly unique material, showing great potential in biomedicine due to its low systemic toxicity and numerous beneficial effects on living systems. The combination of nanoceria with new generations of biomedical polymers, such as PolyHEMA (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogels, electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone or natural-based chitosan or cellulose, helps to expand the prospective area of applications by facilitating their bioavailability and averting potential negative effects. This review describes recent advances in biomedical polymeric material practices, highlights up-to-the-minute cerium oxide nanoparticle applications, as well as polymer-nanoceria composites, and aims to address the question: how can nanoceria enhance the biomedical potential of modern polymeric materials?

scholarly journals Micro RNAs in Regulation of Cellular Redox Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciesielska ◽  
Izabella Slezak-Prochazka ◽  
Patryk Bil ◽  
Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductases

In living cells Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) participate in intra- and inter-cellular signaling and all cells contain specific systems that guard redox homeostasis. These systems contain both enzymes which may produce ROS such as NADPH-dependent and other oxidases or nitric oxide synthases, and ROS-neutralizing enzymes such as catalase, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, glutathione reductases, and many others. Most of the genes coding for these enzymes contain sequences targeted by micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are components of RNA-induced silencing complexes and play important roles in inhibiting translation of their targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this review we describe miRNAs that directly target and can influence enzymes responsible for scavenging of ROS and their possible role in cellular redox homeostasis. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes aims to adjust cells to survive in unstable oxidative environments; however, sometimes seemingly paradoxical phenomena appear where oxidative stress induces an increase in the levels of miRNAs which target genes which are supposed to neutralize ROS and therefore would be expected to decrease antioxidant levels. Here we show examples of such cellular behaviors and discuss the possible roles of miRNAs in redox regulatory circuits and further cell responses to stress.

scholarly journals NAC and Vitamin D Restore CNS Glutathione in Endotoxin-Sensitized Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Adams ◽  
Hunter G. Moss ◽  
Danielle W. Lowe ◽  
Truman Brown ◽  
Donald B. Wiest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Carotid Artery Ligation ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Therapeutic hypothermia does not improve outcomes in neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) complicated by perinatal infection, due to well-described, pre-existing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that shorten the therapeutic window. For effective neuroprotection post-injury, we must first define and then target CNS metabolomic changes immediately after endotoxin-sensitized HI (LPS-HI). We hypothesized that LPS-HI would acutely deplete reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating overwhelming oxidative stress in spite of hypothermia treatment in neonatal rats. Post-natal day 7 rats were randomized to sham ligation, or severe LPS-HI (0.5 mg/kg 4 h before right carotid artery ligation, 90 min 8% O2), followed by hypothermia alone or with N-acetylcysteine (25 mg/kg) and vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3, 0.05 μg/kg) (NVD). We quantified in vivo CNS metabolites by serial 7T MR Spectroscopy before, immediately after LPS-HI, and after treatment, along with terminal plasma drug concentrations. GSH was significantly decreased in all LPS-HI rats compared with baseline and sham controls. Two hours of hypothermia alone did not improve GSH and allowed glutamate + glutamine (GLX) to increase. Within 1 h of administration, NVD increased GSH close to baseline and suppressed GLX. The combination of NVD with hypothermia rapidly improved cellular redox status after LPS-HI, potentially inhibiting important secondary injury cascades and allowing more time for hypothermic neuroprotection.

Uncovering the beginning of diabetes: the cellular redox status and oxidative stress as starting players in hyperglycemic damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Soeiro Teodoro ◽  
Ana Patrícia Gomes ◽  
Ana Teresa Varela ◽  
Filipe Valente Duarte ◽  
Anabela Pinto Rolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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