Friction Evolution of Granitic Faults: Heating Controlled Transition From Powder Lubrication to Frictional Melt

Abstract This paper deals with a systematic development of theory of powder lubrication with the appropriate formalism based on the fundamentals of fluid mechanics. The theory is capable of predicting flow velocity, fluctuation (pseudo-temperature), powder volume fraction, and slip velocity at the boundaries. An extensive set of parametric simulations covering particle size, surface roughness, volumetric flow, load and speed are performed to gain insight into the performance of a powder lubricated thrust bearing. The results of simulations are compared to the published experimental results. Good agreement between the theory and experiment attests to the capability of the model and its potential for design of powder lubricated bearings.

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Evaluation of DLC Coatings for High-Temperature Foil Bearing Applications

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.2991181 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Said Jahanmir ◽

Hooshang Heshmat ◽

Crystal Heshmat

Keyword(s):

Carbon Film ◽

Dlc Coatings ◽

Foil Bearings ◽

Dlc Coating ◽

Foil Bearing ◽

Flat Disk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diamondlike Carbon ◽

Powder Lubrication ◽

Foil Thrust Bearing

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) coatings, particularly in the hydrogenated form, provide extremely low coefficients of friction in concentrated contacts. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of DLC coatings for potential application in foil bearings. Since in some applications the bearings experience a wide range of temperatures, tribological tests were performed using a single foil thrust bearing in contact with a rotating flat disk up to 500°C. The coatings deposited on the disks consisted of a hydrogenated diamondlike carbon film (H-DLC), a nonhydrogenated DLC, and a thin dense chrome deposited by the Electrolyzing™ process. The top foil pads were coated with a tungsten disulfide based solid lubricant (Korolon™ 900). All three disk coatings provided excellent performance at room temperature. However, the H-DLC coating proved to be unacceptable at 300°C due to lack of hydrodynamic lift, albeit the very low coefficient of friction when the foil pad and the disk were in contact during stop-start cycles. This phenomenon is explained by considering the effect of atmospheric moisture on the tribological behavior of H-DLC and using the quasihydrodynamic theory of powder lubrication.

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On the Role of Enduring Contact in Powder Lubrication

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.2114933 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 168-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Y. Jang ◽

M. M. Khonsari

Keyword(s):

Analytical Solution ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Kinetic Regime ◽

Governing Equations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fraction Distribution ◽

Powder Lubrication

This paper is devoted to a study of the enduring contact between granules of powder lubricants in an effort to better understand the flow characteristics of powder lubricants. Appropriate formulation of the governing equations is reported that can be used for prediction of the flow velocity, pseudo temperature, and volume fraction distribution of powders for a wide range of operating speeds. A set of parametric simulations and a limiting analytical solution is presented for predicting the behavior of a powder lubricant under low operating speeds when the enduring contact tends to dominate the kinetic regime. The limiting solution shows that below a certain sliding speed the volume fraction remains unchanged due to the effect of the enduring contact. It is also shown that below this limiting speed the enduring contact plays a major role and should not be neglected.

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An Asperity-Based Fractional Coverage Model for Solid Lubricant Film Transfer on a 3D Surface

ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/ijtc2007-44489 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

E. Y. A. Wornyoh ◽

C. F. Higgs

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Control Volume ◽

Lubricant Film ◽

Wear Factor ◽

Fractional Coverage ◽

Disk Interface ◽

Coverage Model ◽

Powder Lubrication ◽

Topography Data ◽

Tribological Parameters

Topography data was obtained from an aluminum thin film deposited unto a substrate. Using this 20 μm × 20 μm specimen, an asperity-based fractional coverage model was used to predict (1) the friction coefficient at a pad/disk interface (2) the thickness of deposited lubricant film and (3) the wear factor for a compacted lubricant pellet in sliding contact. The fractional coverage varies with time and is a useful modeling parameter for quantifying the amount of third body film covering the disk asperities. The model was based on a previous 1-D control volume fractional coverage model which was used to glean tribological parameters including friction coefficient and wear factor. In this model, the wear rate of the pellet, pad friction coefficient, and lubricant thickness can be determined as a function of the pellet load, slider pad load, disk speed, and material properties. Steady-state results from the model adequately predict the self-repairing and self-replenishing nature of powder lubrication as a function of topography.

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The Quasi-Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Powder Lubrication—Part III: On Theory and Rheology of Triboparticulates

Tribology Transactions ◽

10.1080/10402009508983404 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 269-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Hooshang Heshmat

Keyword(s):

Hydrodynamic Mechanism ◽

Powder Lubrication

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The Basics of Powder Lubrication in High-Temperature Powder-Lubricated Dampers

Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; IGTI Scholar Award; General ◽

10.1115/91-gt-248 ◽

1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hooshang Heshmat ◽

James F. Walton

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

High Speed ◽

Basic Mechanism ◽

Test Facility ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Turbine Engines ◽

Gas Turbine Engines ◽

Powder Lubrication ◽

Basic Features ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this investigation is to develop a novel powder-lubricated rotor bearing system damper concept for use in high-temperature, high-speed rotating machinery such as advanced aircraft gas turbine engines. The approach discussed herein consists of replacing a conventional oil lubrication or frictional damper system with a powder lubrication system that uses the process particulates or externally-fed powder lubricant. Unlike previous work in this field, this approach is based on the postulate of the quasi-hydrodynamic nature of powder lubrication. This postulate is deduced from past observation and present verification that there are a number of basic features of powder flow in narrow interfaces that have the characteristic behavior of fluid film lubrication. In addition to corroborating the basic mechanism of powder lubrication, the conceptual and experimental work performed in this program provides guidelines for selection of the proper geometries, materials and powders suitable for this tribological process. The present investigation describes the fundamentals of quasi-hydrodynamic powder lubrication and defines the rationale underlying the design of the test facility. The performance and the results of the experimental program present conclusions reached regarding design requirements as well as the formulation of a proper model of quasi-hydrodynamic powder lubrication.

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On the effect of enduring contact on the flow and thermal characteristics in powder lubrication

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J Journal of Engineering Tribology ◽

10.1243/13506501jet409 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 222 (6) ◽

pp. 741-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K N Elkholy ◽

M M Khonsari

Keyword(s):

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Powder Lubrication

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An Experimental Study of Tribological Behavior of Journal Bearing Material under Powder and Granular Lubrication

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2553-2557

Author(s):

Ashwini Haral

Keyword(s):

Journal Bearing ◽

Tribological Behavior ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Tribological Behaviour ◽

Bearing Material ◽

Optimum Parameters ◽

Pin On Disc ◽

Useful Life ◽

Powder Lubrication ◽

Taguchi Robust Design

Abstract: Proper lubrication of mechanical components is very important for the reliable efficiency and useful life. The working temperature of the components can affect the lubricating oil and can degrade the lubricating characteristics of oil. This paper presents the experimental investigation on tribological behaviour of journal bearing material. Two types of additives are used in lubricating oili.e., powder and granular types of additives. The investigation is carried out on pin-on-disc apparatus to determine the wear and coefficient of friction. The statistical analysis is performed using design of experiments and Taguchi robust design to determine the optimum parameters of lubricating additives. It is found that for constant speed of 400 rpm with 5% concentration with varying size the granular lubrication have lower values than powder lubrication for all load conditions Keywords: Lubrication, pin-on-disc, Taguchi, additives.

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