Basic Characterization of Nanobubbles and their Potential Applications

Abstract Introduction Intra-arterial (lA) delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an evolving strategy which enables the distribution of high concentration therapeutics through a targeted vascular territory, while potentially limiting systemic toxicity. Studies have demonstrated lA methods to be safe and efficacious for a variety of therapeutics. However, further characterization of the clinical efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors and refinement of its potential applications are necessary. Methods We have reviewed the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion (SSJACI) with BBB disruption for the treatment of brain tumors. In addition, we review ongoing clinical trials expanding the applicability and investigating the efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. Results Trends in recent studies have embraced the use of SSIACI and less neurotoxic chemotherapies. The majority of trials continue to use mannitol as the preferred method of hyperosmolar BBB disruption. Recent preclinical and preliminary human investigations into the lA delivery of Bevacizumab have demonstrated its safety and efficacy as an anti-tumor agent both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion lA drug delivery may significantly affect the way treatment are delivered to patients with brain tumors, and in particular GBM. With refinement and standardization of the techniques of lA drug delivery, improved drug selection and formulations, and the development of methods to minimize treatment-related neurological injury, lA therapy may offer significant benefits for the treatment of brain tumors.

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Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5781

Author(s):

Janarthanan Supramaniam ◽

Darren Yi Sern Low ◽

See Kiat Wong ◽

Loh Teng Hern Tan ◽

Bey Fen Leo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

High Strength ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Mechanical Reinforcement ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Potential Applications

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8–10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites.

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Characterization of Ni 19.5 Ti 50.5 Pd 25 Pt 5 high-temperature shape memory alloy springs and their potential applications in aeronautics

10.1117/12.775805 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aaron Stebner ◽

Santo A. Padula II ◽

Ronald D. Noebe ◽

D. Dane Quinn

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Shape Memory Alloy ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Potential Applications

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Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Casein Phosphopeptides Biocomposite Coatings on the Medical Titanium Alloy

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1065 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 480-481 ◽

pp. 1065-1069

Author(s):

Bin Liu ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Yin Zhong Bu ◽

Sheng Rong Yang ◽

Jin Qing Wang

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽

Ti Alloy ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Implant Materials ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Casein Phosphopeptides ◽

Potential Applications ◽

First Time

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been applied in orthopedics as one of the most popular biomedical metallic implant materials. In this work, to enhance the bioactivity, the surface of Ti alloy pre-modified by silane coupling agent and glutaraldehyde was covalently grafted with chitosan (CS) via biochemical multistep self-assembled method. Then, for the first time, the achieved surface was further immobilized with casein phosphopeptides (CPP), which are one group of bioactive peptides released from caseins in the digestive tract and can facilitate the calcium adsorption and usage, to form CS-CPP biocomposite coatings. The structure and composition of the fabricated coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As the experimental results indicated, multi-step assembly was successfully performed, and the CS and CPP were assembled onto the Ti alloy surface orderly. It is anticipated that the Ti alloys modified by CS-CPP biocomposite coatings will find potential applications as implant materials in biomedical fields.

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Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly (sulfone-amine) modified β-cyclodextrin

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.591 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Peng He ◽

Zhifeng Jia ◽

Xinyuan Zhu ◽

Deyue Yan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Low Cost ◽

Food Additives ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Hyperbranched Poly ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Inclusion Ability

AbstractAn economical strategy to prepare hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine) modified β-cyclodextrins (HPSA-m-CDs) from natural β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and other commercially available materials has been reported. The final product has many good properties of hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine)s (good solubility, low viscosity etc.), while its inclusion ability can also be well kept. It is a feasible approach to prepare functionalized modified cyclodextrin at very low cost, and may have potential applications in the fields of catalysis, drug delivery, food additives, etc.

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Azo-containing asymmetric bent-core liquid crystals with modulated smectic phases

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra09764a ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (80) ◽

pp. 64886-64891 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nemanja Trišović ◽

Jelena Antanasijević ◽

Tibor Tóth-Katona ◽

Michal Kohout ◽

Miroslaw Salamonczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystals ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Smectic Phases ◽

Potential Applications

We present the synthesis and characterization of ten asymmetric bent-core liquid crystals with enantiotropic modulated smectic (B7 type) phases. Their relatively low and wide photosensitive mesomorphic temperature range offers potential applications.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Lignin/Dendrimer Electrospun Blended Fiber Mats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 518

Author(s):

Somaye Akbari ◽

Addie Bahi ◽

Ali Farahani ◽

Abbas S. Milani ◽

Frank Ko

Keyword(s):

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Dendritic Polymers ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Fiber Mats ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Solution Electrospinning ◽

Nanofiber Mats ◽

Softwood Kraft Lignin ◽

First Time

Blending lignin as the second most abundant polymer in Nature with nanostructured compounds such as dendritic polymers can not only add value to lignin, but also increase its application in various fields. In this study, softwood Kraft lignin/polyamidoamine dendritic polymer (PAMAM) blends were fabricated by the solution electrospinning to produce bead-free nanofiber mats for the first time. The mats were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, and thermogravimetry analyses. The chemical intermolecular interactions between the lignin functional groups and abundant amino groups in the PAMAM were verified by FTIR and viscosity measurements. These interactions proved to enhance the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the lignin/PAMAM mats, suggesting their potential applications e.g. in membranes, filtration, controlled release drug delivery, among others.

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Electrostatically Coupled MEM Oscillators

10.1115/imece2000-1085 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Rajashree Baskaran ◽

Kimberly L. Turner

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

Electromechanical Interaction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Applications

Abstract MicroElectroMechanical (MEM) Oscillators have a wide range of potential applications and understanding the underlying system dynamics thoroughly is essential. In this paper, we present the design, modeling and characterization of a pair of electrostatically coupled torsional oscillators fabricated with the SCREAM(1) process. The dynamic and electrostatic characteristics of the new design lead to various applications and also serve as an interesting ground for understanding the electromechanical interaction and non-linearities in MEM devices.

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