Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Research: Focus on Bio-Functionalization, Biosynthesis, and Biomedical Applications

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Murugan Veerapandian ◽  
Sathya Sadhasivam ◽  
Ramesh Subbiah ◽  
Kyusik Yun
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Functional Nanomaterials ◽  
Research Focus

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6834-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
Abdurahman Essa ◽  
Sidi A. Bencherif ◽  
Adnan Memic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

scholarly journals A New Hope: Self-Assembling Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Lombardi ◽  
Annarita Falanga ◽  
Valentina Del Genio ◽  
Stefania Galdiero
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Functional Nanomaterials ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Bio Compatibility

Peptide drugs hold great promise for the treatment of infectious diseases thanks to their novel mechanisms of action, low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. Naturally developing self-assembly in nature has inspired remarkable interest in self-assembly of peptides to functional nanomaterials. As a matter of fact, their structural, mechanical, and functional advantages, plus their high bio-compatibility and bio-degradability make them excellent candidates for facilitating biomedical applications. This review focuses on the self-assembly of peptides for the fabrication of antibacterial nanomaterials holding great interest for substituting antibiotics, with emphasis on strategies to achieve nano-architectures of self-assembly. The antibacterial activities achieved by these nanomaterials are also described.

scholarly journals Nanochitosan: Commemorating the Metamorphosis of an ExoSkeletal Waste to a Versatile Nutraceutical

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan ◽  
Manikandan Muthu ◽  
Judy Gopal ◽  
Nazim Hasan ◽  
Syed Kashif Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antitumor Drug ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Nano Structures

Chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is the second (after cellulose) most abundant organic polymer. In its deacetylated form—chitosan—becomes a very interesting material for medical use. The chitosan nano-structures whose preparation is described in this article shows unique biomedical value. The preparation of nanochitosan, as well as the most vital biomedical applications (antitumor, drug delivery and other medical uses), have been discussed in this review. The challenges confronting the progress of nanochitosan from benchtop to bedside clinical settings have been evaluated. The need for inclusion of nano aspects into chitosan research, with improvisation from nanotechnological inputs has been prescribed for breaking down the limitations. Future perspectives of nanochitosan and the challenges facing nanochitosan applications and the areas needing research focus have been highlighted.

scholarly journals An Ion Source for the HVEE 14C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer for Biomedical Applications

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. W. Mous ◽  
Wim Fokker ◽  
Rein Van Den Broek ◽  
Ron Koopmans ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
First Results ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Near Future

During the past two decades, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has allowed major developments in many areas of geosciences and archaeology. In the near future, AMS should realize a similar potential in the field of biomedical research, leading ultimately to clinical applications. For such applications, the required instrument differs significantly from that presently used in the field of 14C dating. Whereas the needed accuracy and sensitivity is more than an order of magnitude less demanding than that for present state-of-the-art 14C instrumentation, the widespread acceptance of 14C AMS in biomedical research will require AMS spectrometers that are small, simple to operate and capable of handling CO2 samples. In order to satisfy these demands, HVEE has developed a compact 14C AMS spectrometer dedicated to biomedical research. The instrument consists of a compact accelerator with a footprint of 2.25 × 1.25 m and an ion source that features direct CO2 acceptance and optimal user friendliness. Having previously described the layout and design of the accelerator, we here discuss progress on the accelerator and present the design and first results of the CO2 ion source.

scholarly journals Review of Therapeutic Applications of Radiolabeled Functional Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Functional Nanomaterials ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the last two decades, various nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in medical science owing to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporating radionuclides into conventionally used nanomaterials can confer useful additional properties compared to the original material. Therefore, various radionuclides have been used to synthesize functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular, several α- or β-emitter-labeled organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for efficient and targeted cancer treatment. This article reviews recent progress in cancer therapy using radiolabeled nanomaterials including inorganic, polymeric, and carbon-based materials and liposomes. We first provide an overview of radiolabeling methods for preparing anticancer agents that have been investigated recently in preclinical studies. Next, we discuss the therapeutic applications and effectiveness of α- or β-emitter-incorporated nanomaterials in animal models and the emerging possibilities of these nanomaterials in cancer therapy.

Iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with organic optical probes for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Sharma ◽  
Nisha Lamichhane ◽  
Parul ◽  
Tapas Sen ◽  
Indrajit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Probes ◽  
Therapeutic Applications

The role and scope of functional inorganic nanoparticles in biomedical research is well established. Among these, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained maximum attention as they can provide targeting, imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Furthermore, incorporation of organic optical probes with IONPs can significantly enhance the scope and viability of their biomedical applications. Combination of two or more such applications renders multimodality in nanoparticles, which can be exploited to obtain synergistic benefits in disease detection and therapy viz theranostics, which is a key trait of nanoparticles for advanced biomedical applications. This review focuses on the use of IONPs conjugated with organic optical probe/s for multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic applications in vivo.

PAMAM dendrimers — diverse biomedical applications. Facts and unresolved questions

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Labieniec ◽  
Cezary Watala
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
New Applications

AbstractIn this mini-review a number of novel outcomes, originating from studies in the field of PAMAM dendrimers, are presented and discussed. Owing to the multi-disciplinary nature of dendrimer chemistry it seems important to focus on the relevant topical research of PAMAM dendrimers, including their function, toxicity, surface modifications, and also possible new applications of these spherical polymers. We also consider the possibilities of specific functionalisation of PAMAM dendrimers — both novel ideas and those that have already been reported; as well as their cell-mediated effects (toxic and non-toxic). Then the reactivity of dendrimers’ terminal groups, and their anticipated protective role against modifications of biomacromolecules, are discussed with regard to future developments in biomedical research.

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