Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Author(s):  
Balaprasad Ankamwar ◽  
Saee Gharpure ◽  
Aman Akash
Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Lombardi ◽  
Annarita Falanga ◽  
Valentina Del Genio ◽  
Stefania Galdiero

Peptide drugs hold great promise for the treatment of infectious diseases thanks to their novel mechanisms of action, low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. Naturally developing self-assembly in nature has inspired remarkable interest in self-assembly of peptides to functional nanomaterials. As a matter of fact, their structural, mechanical, and functional advantages, plus their high bio-compatibility and bio-degradability make them excellent candidates for facilitating biomedical applications. This review focuses on the self-assembly of peptides for the fabrication of antibacterial nanomaterials holding great interest for substituting antibiotics, with emphasis on strategies to achieve nano-architectures of self-assembly. The antibacterial activities achieved by these nanomaterials are also described.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongho Jeon

In the last two decades, various nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in medical science owing to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporating radionuclides into conventionally used nanomaterials can confer useful additional properties compared to the original material. Therefore, various radionuclides have been used to synthesize functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular, several α- or β-emitter-labeled organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for efficient and targeted cancer treatment. This article reviews recent progress in cancer therapy using radiolabeled nanomaterials including inorganic, polymeric, and carbon-based materials and liposomes. We first provide an overview of radiolabeling methods for preparing anticancer agents that have been investigated recently in preclinical studies. Next, we discuss the therapeutic applications and effectiveness of α- or β-emitter-incorporated nanomaterials in animal models and the emerging possibilities of these nanomaterials in cancer therapy.


Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Sixiang Li ◽  
Leni Zhong ◽  
Qizhen Li ◽  
Shaoqin Liu ◽  
...  

The pharmacokinetics is a critical factor determining the clinical applicability of nanomaterials. Systematic study of the pharmacokinetics of functional nanomaterials is thus significant for promoting their applications. Herein, we take...


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325-1358
Author(s):  
Linlu Zhao ◽  
Heng Liu ◽  
Yanlong Xing ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ziyi Cheng ◽  
...  

In recent years, considerable achievements have been made to motivate the construction of tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific functional nanomaterials, which can effectively respond to the inherent pathological and physicochemical conditions in diseased regions to improve the specificity of imaging and drug delivery. Until now, various nanoarchitectures have been designed to combat cancer effectively and specifically. This review summarizes the latest developments in TME-specific theranostic nanoplatforms based on multifunctional nanomaterials that hold potential for achieving the targeted recognition at tumor sites. Recent progress and achievements have also been summarized for nanosystems that can specifically respond to the TME with various stimulus-responsive strategies and their applications for drug delivery, diagnosis, treatment, and synergistic theranostics of cancer. This review emphasizes the significance of functional nanomaterials in response to tumor stimuli to enhance anticancer treatment efficiency and facilitate development in extensive research fields, including nanoscience, biomedicine, and clinical applications.


The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 3126-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Rong Song ◽  
Nirmal Goswami ◽  
Huang-Hao Yang ◽  
Jianping Xie

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are emerging as a new class of functional nanomaterials in the area of biological sensing, labelling, imaging and therapy due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as ultrasmall size, HOMO–LUMO transition, strong luminescence together with good photostability and biocompatibility.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (46) ◽  
pp. 1904344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumeysa Tutar ◽  
Andisheh Motealleh ◽  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Nermin Seda Kehr

Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.


Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.


Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.


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