Factorial experiments in sequence: The attainment of optimum conditions for a decontamination process

Many mass-transfer applications have used chitosan membrane in separation processes. This research applied crosslinked chitosan membrane to sterillize bacterial growth media. Chitosan membranes having 79 % DD were produced by casting and drying chitosan solution. The images of the membrane were characterized by SEM and other characterizations such as permeability, permselectivity and tensile strength were investigated. The flux increased with longer submersion period but the rejection decreased. Otherwise, the flux decreased and rejection increased in line with an increase in curing temperature. Tensile strength increased with the increase of submersion period and curing temperature. The optimum conditions of crosslinking process are 2 hours of submersion periods and curing temperature at 90 oC. It gives flux 5.8930 L/jam.m2, rejection 97.47 % and tensile strength 49640 kN/m2

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OPTIMASI KONDISI EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA AKTIF ANTIOKSIDAN DARI BIJI ANGGUR

Sains & Teknologi ◽

10.24123/jst.v3i2.2281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Kartini Kartini ◽

Azminah Azminah

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Active Compound ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Free Radical Scavenger ◽

Water Bath ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Ethanolic Solution ◽

Reduced Pressure

In order to prepare standardized extract, optimization of extraction conditions of grape seed has been done. These conditions are type of menstrum (50, 70 and 96% of ethanolic solution), length of extraction (1, 2 and 4 hours) also method of evaporation (reduced pressure and opened air). Activity on free radical scavenger used as parameters to determine optimum conditions. Based on EC50 (concentration which scavenge 50% amount of free radical) can be concluded that optimum condition for extracting antioxidant active compound from grape seed are 70% ethanolic solution as menstrum, length of extraction 1 hour and evaporation on opened air use water bath.

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Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Salbutamol by Coupling with Diazotized 4-Aminobenzoic acid

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v8i1.8435 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hind Hadi ◽

Gufran Salim

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Trace Determination ◽

Aminobenzoic Acid ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Colored Product ◽

Versus Concentration

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotmetric method for trace determination of salbutamol (SAL) in aqueous solution and in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the diazotization coupling reaction of the intended compound with 4-amino benzoic acid (ABA) in alkaline medium to form an intense orange, water soluble dye that is stable and shows maximum absorption at 410 nm. A graph of absorbance versus concentration indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.5-30 ppm, with a molar absorbtivity 3.76×104 L.mol-1 .cm-1 depending on the concentration of SAL. The optimum conditions and stability of the colored product have been investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of SAL in dosage forms.

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Spectrophotometeric Determination of Trifluoperazine HCL in Pure Forms and Pharmaceutical Preperations

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hamzah Hamzah ◽

Rawa M M Taqi ◽

Muna M. Hasan ◽

Raid J. M. Al-Timimi

Keyword(s):

Standard Method ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Oxidizing Agent ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Cerium Ion ◽

Blank Solution

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Trifluoperazine HCl in pure and dosage forms was developed. The method is based on the reaction between Trifluoperazine HCl and p-chloroaniline in the presence of cerium ion as oxidizing agent which lead to the formation of violate color product that absorbed at a maximum wavelength 570nm while the blank solution was pink. Under the optimum conditions a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration of TRF in the range 4-50μg/ml was obtained . The molar absorptivity 3.74×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 , Limit of detection (2.21μg/ml), while limit of quantification was 7.39μg/ml. The proposed analytical method was compared with standard method using t-test and F-test , the obtained results shows there is no significant differences between proposed method and standard method. Based on that the proposed method can be used as an alternative method for the determination of TRF in pure and dosage forms.

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Effect of Ethanol Treatment on Lycopene Extraction yield

10.26434/chemrxiv.5924140.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nam Kyong-il ◽

KIM rak-chon ◽

Kang chang-hyok ◽

Lee song-nam ◽

Ryom sok-hun

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Test Results ◽

Ethanol Treatment ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Pretreatment Method ◽

Ethanol Pretreatment

In order to extract lycopene more effectively, this experiment focused on the optimization of ethanol pretreatment method to study the effects of ethanol treatment on the extraction rate of lycopene and its antioxidant activity. The test results show that 2 times ethanol treatment is very effective for improving lycopene yield. The optimum conditions of ethanol treatment are temperature 50 ℃, treatment time 1 time 2h, 2 times 2h, solid to liquid ratio is 1:12. The lycopene yield can be reached 20mg / 100g above.

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The In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Water Leaf Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.2.3.150-163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 150-163

Author(s):

Ekajayanti Kining ◽

Syamsul Falah ◽

Novik Nurhidayat

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Contact Time ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Water Extract ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Optimum Conditions

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of opportunistic pathogen forming bacterial biofilm. The biofilm sustains the bacterial survival and infections. This study aimed to assess the activity of water extract of papaya leaves on inhibition of cells attachment, growth and degradation of the biofilm using crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay. Research results showed that water extract of papaya leaves contains alkaloids, tanins, flavonoids, and steroids/terpenoids and showed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm against P. aeruginosa. Addition of extract can inhibit the cell attachment and was able to degrade the biofilm of 40.92% and 48.058% respectively at optimum conditions: extract concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature 37.5 °C and contact time 45 minutes. With a concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature of 50 °C and the contact time of 3 days, extract of papaya leaves can inhibit the growth of biofilms of 39.837% v/v.

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