scholarly journals The association between a parental family history of dementia and modifiable risk factors for dementia among middle‐aged individuals: A propensity score‐matched study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Vrijsen ◽  
Ameen Abu‐Hanna ◽  
Sophia De Rooij ◽  
Nynke Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Family ◽  
Matched Study

scholarly journals Association between dementia parental family history and mid-life modifiable risk factors for dementia: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching within the Lifelines cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049918
Author(s):  
Joyce Vrijsen ◽  
Ameen Abu-Hanna ◽  
Sophia E de Rooij ◽  
Nynke Smidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Parental Family

ObjectiveIndividuals with a parental family history (PFH) of dementia have an increased risk to develop dementia, regardless of genetic risks. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between a PFH of dementia and currently known modifiable risk factors for dementia among middle-aged individuals using propensity score matching (PSM).DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA subsample of Lifelines (35–65 years), a prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands was used.Outcome measuresFourteen modifiable risk factors for dementia and the overall Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) score, indicating someone’s potential for dementia risk reduction (DRR).ResultsThe study population included 89 869 participants of which 10 940 (12.2%) had a PFH of dementia (mean (SD) age=52.95 (7.2)) and 36 389 (40.5%) without a PFH of dementia (mean (SD) age=43.19 (5.5)). Of 42 540 participants (47.3%), PFH of dementia was imputed. After PSM, potential confounding variables were balanced between individuals with and without PFH of dementia. Individuals with a PFH of dementia had more often hypertension (OR=1.19; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.24), high cholesterol (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.30), diabetes (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42), cardiovascular diseases (OR=1.49; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.88), depression (OR=1.23; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.41), obesity (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.20) and overweight (OR=1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.17), and were more often current smokers (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.27) and ex-smokers (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.27). However, they were less often low/moderate alcohol consumers (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.91), excessive alcohol consumers (OR=0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98), socially inactive (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) and physically inactive (OR=0.93; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.97). Having a PFH of dementia resulted in a higher LIBRA score (RC=0.15; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.19).ConclusionWe found that having a PFH of dementia was associated with several modifiable risk factors. This suggests that middle-aged individuals with a PFH of dementia are a group at risk and could benefit from DRR. Further research should explore their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards DRR, and whether they are willing to assess their risk and change their lifestyle to reduce dementia risk.

scholarly journals Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke among Subjects in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Anna Johansson ◽  
Isabel Drake ◽  
Gunnar Engström ◽  
Stefan Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diet And Cancer

Risk factors for ischemic stroke is suggested to differ by etiologic subtypes. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and atherothrombotic stroke (i.e., excluding cardioembolic stroke), and to examine if the potential benefit of modifiable lifestyle factors differs among subjects with and without predisposing comorbidities. After a median follow-up of 21.2 years, 2339 individuals were diagnosed with atherothrombotic stroke out of 26,547 study participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Using multivariable Cox regression, we examined non-modifiable (demographics and family history of stroke), semi-modifiable comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic disease), and modifiable (smoking, body mass index, diet quality, physical activity, and alcohol intake) risk factors in relation to atherothrombotic stroke. Higher age, male gender, family history of stroke, and low educational level increased the risk of atherothrombotic stroke as did predisposing comorbidities. Non-smoking (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.68), high diet quality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) and high leisure-time physical activity (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98) decreased the risk of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke independent of established risk factors, with non-significant associations with body mass index and alcohol intake. The effect of the lifestyle factors was independent of predisposing comorbidities at baseline. The adverse effects of several cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed in this study of atherothrombotic stroke. Smoking cessation, improving diet quality and increasing physical activity level is likely to lower risk of atherothrombotic stroke in the general population as well as in patient groups at high risk.

scholarly journals Association of Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and C-Reactive Protein with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Middle-Aged Men with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 6418-6423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Y. Tong ◽  
Chung-Shun Ho ◽  
Vincent T. F. Yeung ◽  
Maggie C. Y. Ng ◽  
Wing-Yee So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Family History ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp

Context: Age-related declines in testosterone and IGF-I are associated with deposition of visceral fat, a component of the metabolic syndrome (MES). Objective: Testosterone and IGF-I may interact with familial disposition to diabetes mellitus to increase the association with MES. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted in a university teaching hospital. Subjects: Study subjects included 179 middle-aged men with a family history of diabetes (FH) (aged 39.1 ± 8.1 yr) and 128 men without FH (aged 43.8 ± 8.5 yr). Main Outcome Measures: Clinical characteristics, frequency of MES using the World Health Organization criteria with Asian definitions of obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), and serum levels of total testosterone, IGF-I, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Results: Men with FH had higher frequency of MES than those without FH [39.1 vs. 23.4% (P = 0.004)]. On multivariate analysis, smoking (former and current smokers), low total testosterone, and IGF-I but elevated hs-CRP levels explained 35% of the MES variance in men with FH. The frequency of MES increased with declining tertiles of total testosterone and IGF-I but increasing tertiles of hs-CRP. After adjustment for age and smoking history, subjects with all three risk factors had a 13-fold increase in risk association with MES compared with those without hormonal and inflammatory risk factors. These risk associations were not found in men without FH in whom only smoking (ex and current) and low total testosterone level were independent predictors for MES, which explained 14% of the variance. Conclusions: Clustering of FH, hormonal abnormalities, and high hs-CRP is associated with MES in Chinese middle-aged men.

Parental family history of dementia in relation to subclinical brain disease and dementia risk

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (17) ◽  
pp. 1642-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Wolters ◽  
Sven J. van der Lee ◽  
Peter J. Koudstaal ◽  
Cornelia M. van Duijn ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Family

Objective:To determine the association of parental family history with risk of dementia by age at onset and sex of affected parent in a population-based cohort.Methods:From 2000 to 2002, we assessed parental history of dementia in participants without dementia of the Rotterdam Study. We investigated associations of parental history with risk of dementia until 2015, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and known genetic risk variants. Furthermore, we determined the association between parental history and markers of neurodegeneration and vascular disease on MRI.Results:Of 2,087 participants (mean age 64 years, 55% female), 407 (19.6%) reported a history of dementia in either parent (mean age at diagnosis 79 years). During a mean follow-up of 12.2 years, 142 participants developed dementia. Parental history was associated with risk of dementia independently of known genetic risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.48), in particular when parents were diagnosed at younger age (<80 years: HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.61–4.15; ≥80 years: HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.58–1.77). Accordingly, age at diagnosis in probands was highly correlated with age at diagnosis in their parents <80 years (r = 0.57, p = 0.001) but not thereafter (r = 0.17, p = 0.55). Among 1,161 participants without dementia with brain MRI, parental history was related to lower cerebral perfusion and higher burden of white matter lesions and microbleeds. Dementia risk and MRI markers were similar for paternal and maternal history.Conclusions:Parental history of dementia increases risk of dementia, primarily when age at parental diagnosis is <80 years. Unexplained heredity may be attributed in part to cerebral hypoperfusion and small vessel disease. We found no evidence of preferential maternal compared to paternal transmission.

scholarly journals Life style factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Shrestha ◽  
Bipin Nepal ◽  
Yagya Laxmi Shakya ◽  
Binaya Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

 Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the commonest form of diabetes affecting more than 90% of the diabetic population worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications are increasing in the world, including developing nations like Nepal. This study aimed to determine the association between the lifestyle risk factors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepalese population. Methods: This is hospital based cross sectional observational study done in the urban area of Nepal. Records of clients coming for the general health checkup in Grande International Hospital were evaluated in this study. Comparisons of the lifestyle factors in participants having and not having type 2 diabetes mellitus were done. Results: Significant associations with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 were seen in age (P ≤ 0.001), associated hypertension (P ≤ 0.001), dyslipidemia, family history of DM (P ≤ 0.001), alcohol use (P ≤ 0.001), and tobacco use (P ≤ 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having diabetes were high in age group above 40 (OR – 6.9, CI 3.82 – 12.47), history of hypertension (OR- 3.84, CI 2.42 – 6.08), tobacco users (OR-2.26, CI 1.12 – 4.53), alcohol users (OR-3.99, CI 2.47 – 6.44), family history of DM (OR-2.44, CI 1.53 – 3.89), and abdominal obesity in both males (OR-3.9, CI 2 – 7.4) and females (OR-9.6, CI 3.78 – 24.35). Conclusions: The modifiable risk factors - obesity, smoking and alcohol use carry significant risks of developing type 2 diabetes. These red flag signs call for urgent attention to look for and rectify the modifiable risk factors in Nepalese population to prevent diabetes.

scholarly journals The prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients seeking treatment at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lynn Fillis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaint ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Day Clinic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Medication

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to death in South Africa. Literature suggests that patients with musculoskeletal complaints frequently present with co- morbid pathologies such as hypertension and angina. However, ambiguity exists in the literature as to whether a relationship between the presence of CVD and the presence of musculoskeletal complaints exists. Methodology: This quantitative cross-sectional retrospective cohort analysis utilised a validated data sheet to collect demographic characteristics; morbidity and prevalence of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal complaints; and their associated risk factors from 1066 clinic files of new patients who presented to the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic in one year. The data were manually extracted, coded and were captured on an Excel spreadsheet and imported into IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 for analysis. A two-tailed 0.05 level of significance was used. Where associations were found, Pearson chi-square tests or Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables, and independent t-tests for quantitative variables was utilised to determine the significance of the association, indicating whether the association was greater than chance alone (i.e. a p value <0.05 being considered statistically significant) (Singh, 2014). If the data were not normally distributed a Mann-Whitney U test was utilised. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the risk of the exposure where possible (Singh 2017). Results: The patients presenting between 9 June 2015 and 9 June 2016 were predominantly Indian males; mean age of 37.87 years (SD 16.53 years); range five weeks to 86 years of age; majority within the 20-29 year age group. Most patients sought treatment for a primary musculoskeletal complaint (25% reported a secondary musculoskeletal complaint), characterised by chronic, moderate lumbar spine/abdomen pain of sharp character, with no associated pain radiation. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 25.2%, with hypertension and peripheral vascular disease as the most frequent. Risk factors in both the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular disease groups included non-modifiable risk factors (viz. advancing age; gender; race/ethnicity and family history of CVD); and modifiable risk factors (viz. overweight/obesity; physical inactivity; blood pressure abnormalities; tobacco use; alcohol use; high fat and carbohydrate diet; diabetes mellitus; connective tissue disease; hypercholesterolaemia; use of non-cardiac medication and mental wellness). About 25% of patients reported the use of medication (the majority having been prescribed multiple medications (including anti-diabetics, anti-hypertensives, cholesterol-lowering drugs and anti-coagulants). Nearly 100% of CVD patients reported chronic medication use. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a number medications and common risk factors influenced the presentation of musculoskeletal complaints between CVD and non-CVD patients. With multivariable analysis, it was found that many of the medications lost significance after adjustment for confounders/influencing factors, although antihypertensive (OR 36.6; p=<0.001) and thyroid agents (OR 5.1; p=0.078) remained associated with CVD. Common/mutual risk factors for CVD and MSD including: increasing age (OR 1.1 p=<0.001), family history of CVD (OR 2.1; p=0.006), smoking (OR 1.9; p=0.054) and grade 1 HTN (OR 2.5; p=0.043) were significantly associated with having CVD. Furthermore, MSCs located in the SI joint/pelvis (OR 7.1; p=0.005) and head (OR 7.3; p=0.019), as well as the thoracic spine/chest/ribs (OR 4.9; p=0.015) and shoulder/brachium (OR 3.1; p=0.090) were shown to be significantly associated with CVD. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that patients who seek treatment at the DUT CDC may present with both MSDs and CVD. Moreover, this study suggests that there may be an association between CVD and the presenting MSC. It is evident that the presentation of MSDs in CVD patients is multifactorial involving the use of cardiac and non-cardiac medication, and the presence of common CVD and MSD risk factors. However this study cannot conclusively comment on these pathophysiological changes. The current study can only speculate on causality based on known mechanisms as described in literature, however reverse causality may exist (viz. a lack of exercise, presence of MSCs may actually predispose to the CVDs). It is possible that CVD patients, who frequently sought treatment at chiropractic teaching clinics, may present with musculoskeletal side-effects associated with the use of cardiac and non-cardiac medications. This may result in the development of chronicity of musculoskeletal complaints, unresponsiveness to treatment and/or delayed recovery. It is important for chiropractic interns to be aware of this association as it affects how these patients are currently treated and managed thus affecting their prognosis. Caution needs to be applied as the outcomes of this study need to be investigated prospectively in larger sample sizes, different contexts and with some refinement of the data collection tool to confirm the outcomes of this study.

scholarly journals Distribution of risk factors of hypertension patients in different age groups in Tianjin

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Min Ren ◽  
Ruiying Wang ◽  
Fumei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Background To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. Methods A total of 33,997 people (35–75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41–65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039–1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691–2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590–2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287–2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330–2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619–2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412–1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409–1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307–1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160–1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830–2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243–2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345–1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061–2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192–1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. Conclusion Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

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