scholarly journals Using cohort data to emulate lifestyle interventions: Long‐term beneficial effects of initiating physical activity on cognitive decline and dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Leist ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽  
Alina Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cohort Data

Relation between cognitive disorders and type of physical activity: Results of the FréLE cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dupré ◽  
N Barth ◽  
A El Moutawakkil ◽  
F Béland ◽  
F Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Few previous cohorts have studied the different type of physical activities and the degree of cognitive decline. The objective of this work was to analyze the leisure, domestic and professional activities with mild and moderate cognitive disorders in older people living in community. Methods The study used data from the longitudinal and observational study, FrèLE (FRagility: Longitudinal Study of Expressions). The collected data included: socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, and health status (frailty, comorbidities, cognitive status, depression). Cognitive decline was assessed by using: MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). MoCA was used with two cut-offs (26 and 17) so as to define mild and moderate cognitive disorders Physical activity was assessed by the PASE (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), structured in three sections: leisure, domestic and professional activities. Spline and proportional hazards regression models (Cox) were used to estimate the risk of cognitive disorders. Results At baseline, 1623 participants were included and the prevalence of cognitive disorders was 6.9% (MMSE) and 7.2% (MoCA), mild cognitive disorders was 71.3%. The mean age was 77 years, and 52% of the participants were women. After a 2 years long follow-up, we found 6.9% (MMSE) and 6% (MoCA) cognitive disorders on participants. Analyses showed that domestic activities were associated to cognitive decline (HR = 0.52 [0.28-0.94] for MMSE and HR = 0.48 [0.28-0.80] for MoCA). No association were found with leisure and professional activities, and no spline were significant with mild cognitive disorders. Conclusions Analysis showed a relationship between cognitive disorders and type of physical activity, thanks to the use of specific questionnaire of elderly and two global test of cognition. These findings will contribute to the debate on the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition. Key messages This work allowed to compare two test of cognition and their link with physical activity. It contributes to the debate on the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognition. The work allowed us to see the effect of the different types of physical activity and the impact of the statistical method on the results.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristovam Picanço-Diniz ◽  
Thais Cristina Galdino De Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Cabral Soares ◽  
Liliane Dias E Dias De Macedo ◽  
Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanco Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Physical Activity Can Reduce Hypertension and the Long-term Benefits May Contribute toward a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
S. J. Fuller ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
P. Chatterjee ◽  
C. B. Dias ◽  
H. Hillebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lower Risk

scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Aronia melanocarpa Extract Supplementation on Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Middle-Aged Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Sanne Ahles ◽  
Yala R. Stevens ◽  
Peter J. Joris ◽  
David Vauzour ◽  
Jos Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa

Cognitive decline is associated with lifestyle-related factors such as overweight, blood pressure, and dietary composition. Studies have reported beneficial effects of dietary anthocyanins on cognition in older adults and children. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on cognition is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of long-term supplementation with AME on cognitive performance, mood, and vascular function in healthy, middle-aged, overweight adults. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study, 101 participants either consumed 90 mg AME, 150 mg AME, or placebo for 24 weeks. The grooved pegboard test, number cross-out test, and Stroop test were performed as measures for psychomotor speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Mood was evaluated with a visual analogue scale, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined, and vascular function was assessed by carotid ultrasounds and blood pressure measurements. AME improved psychomotor speed compared to placebo (90 mg AME: change = −3.37; p = 0.009). Furthermore, 150 mg AME decreased brachial diastolic blood pressure compared to 90 mg AME (change = 2.44; p = 0.011), but not compared to placebo. Attention, cognitive flexibility, BDNF, and other vascular parameters were not affected. In conclusion, AME supplementation showed an indication of beneficial effects on cognitive performance and blood pressure in individuals at risk of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Effect of a Long-Term Physical Activity Intervention on Resting Pulse Rate in Older Persons: Results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2511-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bríain ó Hartaigh ◽  
Laura C. Lovato ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Thomas W. Buford ◽  
John A. Dodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions

Exercise and physical activity in pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aerobic Conditioning ◽  
In Pregnancy

Exercise has many beneficial effects for pregnant women and their offspring, reducing insulin resistance and blood pressure and supporting angiogenesis, while also helping to maintain a healthy weight and body composition. Exercise/physical activity also been reported to reduce the risks of large for gestational age/small for gestational age babies and of preterm birth. Moderate exercise of 30 minutes or more on most days is recommended. Reasonable goals of aerobic conditioning in pregnancy should be to maintain a good fitness level throughout pregnancy without trying to reach peak fitness level or train for athletic competition. However, extreme exercise in late gestation is cautioned against, as it is associated with lower birth weights and the possibility of long-term adverse consequences on the offspring.

scholarly journals Beyond Lockdown: The Potential Side Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Public Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Sara Paltrinieri ◽  
Barbara Bressi ◽  
Stefania Costi ◽  
Elisa Mazzini ◽  
Silvio Cavuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Lockdowns to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 have disrupted routines and behaviors, which could lead to a worsening of lifestyle and an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to describe the changes in physical activity, diet, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking during lockdown. A self-administered online survey addressing adults living in a province in northern Italy was advertised through websites and social media. Citizens could access the survey in anonymity from 4 May until 15 June 2020. A total of 1826 adults completed the survey, with a worsening of physical activity (35.1%), diet (17.6%), alcohol drinking (12.5%), and cigarette smoking (7.7%) reported. In contrast, 33.5% reported an improvement in diet, 12.6% in alcohol drinking, 5.3% in physical activity and 4.1% in cigarette smoking. Female sex, young adult age, suspension of work activity, and symptoms of psychological distress were the factors associated with a greater likelihood of change, which was frequently for the worse. Lockdown had an impact on lifestyle, with some net beneficial effects on diet and mostly negative effects on physical activity. Public health measures should be implemented to avoid long-term negative effects of the lockdown, supporting individuals more prone to change for the worse.

Abstract MP55: Protein Intake is Associated With Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T Pickering ◽  
Mengjie Yuan ◽  
Martha R Singer ◽  
Laura Lara Castor ◽  
Lynn L Moore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Introduction: Diet and exercise are key prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Few longitudinal studies have examined separate effects of animal and plant proteins on T2DM risk and results are conflicting. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between usual intake of dietary protein (total, animal, and plant) and T2DM risk. Methods: Data from middle-aged men and women in the longitudinal Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) with approximately 20 years of follow-up were used. Diet was assessed using three-day diet records (exams 3 and 5); protein intake was adjusted for body weight using the residuals from a linear regression model. Glucose was measured after an overnight fast; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as a FG >100; diabetes was diagnosed using a standardized and validated FOS protocol. To estimate the hazards ratios) (HR) for IFG or T2DM, Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounding by age, sex, education level, physical activity, cigarette smoking, height, energy intake, and weight-adjusted carbohydrate intake. Results: Subjects with the highest total protein intakes (≥100 g, men, ≥90 g women) had 34% reduced risks of IFG/T2DM (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85). In this cohort, intakes of animal protein were more than double those of plant protein. The highest intakes of animal protein (≥65 g, men; ≥55 g, women) vs. lower intakes (<55 g, men; <40 g, women) were linked with 33% reduced risks of IFG/T2DM (95% CI: 0.55, 0.82) while intermediate levels of intake were linked with 29% lower risks. In contrast, moderate and higher intakes of plant protein (20-25 g and ≥25 g vs. <20 g) led to non-statistically significant 6-12% risk reductions. Beneficial effects of total protein were stronger for women (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.80) than for men (HR: 0.80; 95% CI 0.57, 1.13). In secondary analyses, we evaluated effect modification by other dietary and lifestyle factors. In particular, both men and women with higher intakes of protein and higher levels of physical activity had statistically significant reductions in long-term risk of IFG/T2DM (31%, 39%, and 22% risk reductions among active adults with higher intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, respectively) compared with more sedentary adults who had lower intakes of protein. In contrast, higher physical activity levels alone (among those with lower protein intakes) were associated with non-statistically significant 13-14% lower risks of IFG/T2DM. Conclusions: This prospective study of middle-aged men and women provides important evidence to suggest that dietary protein when combined with an active lifestyle, may be a strategy for lowering long-term risk of diabetes. In this study, animal protein had stronger beneficial effects, but future studies are needed in population groups with higher intakes of plant protein to determine whether these effects would be comparable.

Short- and Long-Term Beneficial Effects of a Combined Dietary-Behavioral-Physical Activity Intervention for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. e443-e449 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nemet ◽  
S. Barkan ◽  
Y. Epstein ◽  
O. Friedland ◽  
G. Kowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term

A 1-Year Follow-Up on Effects of Exercise Programs on Well-Being in Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Solberg ◽  
Hallgeir Halvari ◽  
Yngvar Ommundsen ◽  
Will G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of three types of training on well-being and frequency of physical activity and to determine whether preintervention motivation moderates the effects.Methods:Sixty-two older adults (M = 75 years old, SD = 5; 61% women) completed 4-mo programs of endurance, functional or strength training, with reassessment of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, vitality) and physical activity 12 mo later.Results:All groups showed small improvements in most measures of well-being at 4 mo. At follow-up, endurance training still had small beneficial effects, while changes with functional and strength training were generally trivial or harmful. Analysis for moderators indicated that autonomously motivated individuals better maintained gains in well-being and had higher frequencies of physical activity at follow-up compared with controlled individuals.Conclusion:Endurance training is recommended for older adults, but the long-term outcomes depend on the individual’s motivational regulation at commencement.

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