scholarly journals Physical Activity Can Reduce Hypertension and the Long-term Benefits May Contribute toward a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
S. J. Fuller ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
P. Chatterjee ◽  
C. B. Dias ◽  
H. Hillebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lower Risk

scholarly journals Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with atrial fibrillation: the HUNT study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 1467-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E Garnvik ◽  
Vegard Malmo ◽  
Imre Janszky ◽  
Hanne Ellekjær ◽  
Ulrik Wisløff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers higher risk of mortality and morbidity, but the long-term impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on outcomes in AF patients is unknown. We, therefore, examined the prospective associations of PA and estimated CRF (eCRF) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, morbidity and stroke in individuals with AF. Methods and results We followed 1117 AF patients from the HUNT3 study in 2006–08 until first occurrence of the outcomes or end of follow-up in November 2015. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the prospective associations of self-reported PA and eCRF with the outcomes. Atrial fibrillation patients meeting PA guidelines had lower risk of all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.75] and CVD mortality (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.86) compared with inactive patients. The respective HRs for CVD morbidity and stroke were 0.78 (95% CI 0.58–1.04) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.42–1.15). Each 1-metabolic equivalent task (MET) higher eCRF was associated with a lower risk of all-cause (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95), CVD mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.95), and morbidity (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.95). Conclusion Higher PA and CRF are associated with lower long-term risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in individuals with AF. The findings support a role for regular PA and improved CRF in AF patients, in order to combat the elevated risk for mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Decline and Mortality

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (17) ◽  
pp. e2220-e2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xu ◽  
Sara Garcia-Ptacek ◽  
Linus Jönsson ◽  
Anders Wimo ◽  
Peter Nordström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Risk Of Death

ObjectiveTo investigate whether cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are associated with slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer dementia and decreased risk of severe dementia or death.MethodsPatients with Alzheimer dementia from the Swedish Dementia Registry starting on ChEIs within 3 months of the dementia diagnosis were included and compared to nontreated patients with Alzheimer dementia. In a propensity score–matched cohort, the association between ChEI use and cognitive trajectories assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores was examined with a mixed model, and severe dementia (MMSE score <10) or death as an outcome was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe matched cohort included 11,652 ChEI users and 5,826 nonusers. During an average of 5 years of follow-up, 255 cases developed severe dementia, and 6,055 (35%) died. ChEI use was associated with higher MMSE score at each visit (0.13 MMSE points per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.20). ChEI users had a 27% lower risk of death (0.73, 95% CI 0.69–0.77) compared with nonusers. Galantamine was associated with lower risk of death (0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.76) and lower risk of severe dementia (0.69, 95% CI 0.47–1.00) and had the strongest effect on cognitive decline of all the ChEIs (0.18 MMSE points per year, 95% CI 0.07–0.28).ConclusionsChEIs are associated with cognitive benefits that are modest but persist over time and with reduced mortality risk, which could be explained partly by their cognitive effects. Galantamine was the only ChEI demonstrating a significant reduction in the risk of developing severe dementia.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that for patients with Alzheimer dementia ChEIs decrease long-term cognitive decline and risk of death and that galantamine decreases the risk of severe dementia.

scholarly journals Combined Impact of Traditional and Non-traditional Healthy Behaviors on Frailty and Disability: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults (P01-033-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Raúl Pérez-Tasigchana ◽  
Jose Banegas ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo ◽  
Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phone Interview ◽  
Healthy Behaviors

Abstract Objectives To assess the short- and long-term association of three traditional healthy behaviors (not smoking, vigorous/moderate physical activity, and healthy diet) and three non-traditional healthy behaviors (adequate sleeping duration, non-sedentariness, and daily social interaction) with incident frailty and disability. Methods A prospective population-based study of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 in Spain, selected by stratified clustered multistage sampling. In 2001, data from 4008 participants were collected. A home interview and a physical examination were conducted. Participants were followed up until 2003, when a short-term phone interview of the remaining 3235 individuals was performed. Then, the participants were followed up until 2009, when a long-term phone interview was conducted with 1309 participants. Self-reported traditional and non-traditional healthy behaviors were collected at baseline. Frailty and four domains of disability were assessed at baseline and at follow-ups: the limitation for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Restriction in Daily Activities (RDA), the limitation in mobility, and the limitation for self-care activities. Results In the short-term analyses, the Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for frailty in participants reporting vigorous/moderate physical activity and non-sedentariness were 0.55 (0.35–0.85) and 0.43 (0.26–0.72), respectively. The ORs (95% CI) for limitations of IADL for participants with vigorous/moderate physical activity and adequate sleeping were 0.63 (0.44–0.91) and 0.69 (0.53–0.89); and for limitations for self-care activities were 0.62 (0.41–0.92) and 0.65 (0.45–0.94). The ORs (95% CI) for RDA in participants with adequate sleeping duration and non-sedentariness were 0.67 (0.49–0.90) and 0.57 (0.36–0.91). In the long-term analyses, we found similar results for the main analyses. Participants who scored 5 in the combined traditional and non-traditional healthy behaviors score also had a lower risk of both frailty and disability. Conclusions Traditional and non-traditional healthy behaviors as well as, the combination of them, are associated with lower risk of frailty and disability. Funding Sources This work was funded by FIS grant 09/1626 and by the ‘Cátedra UAM de Epidemiología y Control del Riesgo Cardiovascular’[University Autónoma de Madrid Chair in Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Risk Control].

Protective Role of Recent and Past Long-Term Physical Activity on Age-Related Cognitive Decline: The Moderating Effect of Sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iréné Lopez-Fontana ◽  
Carole Castanier ◽  
Christine Le Scanff ◽  
Alexandra Perrot
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

This study aimed to investigate if the impact of both recent and long-term physical activity on age-related cognitive decline would be modified by sex. One-hundred thirty-five men (N = 67) and women (N = 68) aged 18 to 80 years completed the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and the Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire. A composite score of cognitive functions was computed from five experimental tasks. Hierarchical regression analyses performed to test the moderating effect of recent physical activity on age-cognition relationship had not revealed significant result regardless of sex. Conversely, past long-term physical activity was found to slow down the age-related cognitive decline among women (β = 0.22,p = .03), but not men. The findings support a lifecourse approach in identifying determinants of cognitive aging and the importance of taking into account the moderating role of sex. This article presented potential explanations for these moderators and future avenues to explore.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

Physical activity and cognitive function in older persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Critical Challenge

Strategies to improve cognitive aging are highly needed. Among those, promotion of exercise and physical activity appears as one of the most attractive and beneficial intervention. Indeed, results from basic and clinical studies suggest that exercise and physical activity have positive effects on cognition in older persons without cognitive impairment, as well as in those with dementia. Despite inconsistent results, aerobic exercise appears to have the strongest potential to enhance cognition. However, even limited periods of walking (45 minutes, three times a week, over a 6-month period) have also been shown to enhance cognition, particularly executive functions. Changing long-term lifestyle habits in these older persons remains a critical challenge and attractive programs susceptible to gain adherence are needed to succeed in achieving improved cognitive aging.

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