scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Aronia melanocarpa Extract Supplementation on Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Middle-Aged Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Sanne Ahles ◽  
Yala R. Stevens ◽  
Peter J. Joris ◽  
David Vauzour ◽  
Jos Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa

Cognitive decline is associated with lifestyle-related factors such as overweight, blood pressure, and dietary composition. Studies have reported beneficial effects of dietary anthocyanins on cognition in older adults and children. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on cognition is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of long-term supplementation with AME on cognitive performance, mood, and vascular function in healthy, middle-aged, overweight adults. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study, 101 participants either consumed 90 mg AME, 150 mg AME, or placebo for 24 weeks. The grooved pegboard test, number cross-out test, and Stroop test were performed as measures for psychomotor speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Mood was evaluated with a visual analogue scale, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined, and vascular function was assessed by carotid ultrasounds and blood pressure measurements. AME improved psychomotor speed compared to placebo (90 mg AME: change = −3.37; p = 0.009). Furthermore, 150 mg AME decreased brachial diastolic blood pressure compared to 90 mg AME (change = 2.44; p = 0.011), but not compared to placebo. Attention, cognitive flexibility, BDNF, and other vascular parameters were not affected. In conclusion, AME supplementation showed an indication of beneficial effects on cognitive performance and blood pressure in individuals at risk of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Sanne Ahles ◽  
Peter J. Joris ◽  
Jogchum Plat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins

Supplementation with anthocyanins, which are a type of flavonoids mainly found in various berries, is hypothesized to be a promising approach to lower the risk of developing cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary intervention trials describing effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans, while also addressing potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 1197 articles were identified through a systematic search, and 49 studies reporting effects on cognitive performance (n = 18), vascular function (n = 22), or cardiometabolic risk markers (n = 32) were included. Significant improvements were observed on memory, while some of the studies also reported effects on attention and psychomotor speed or executive function. Vascular function markers such as brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation were also affected and consistent evidence was provided for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on endothelial function. Finally, studies reported improvements in blood pressure, but effects on metabolic risk markers (e.g. carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) were less consistent. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance as memory improved. Whether observed anthocyanin-induced improvements in vascular function and blood pressure underlie beneficial effects on cognitive performance warrants further study.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristovam Picanço-Diniz ◽  
Thais Cristina Galdino De Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Cabral Soares ◽  
Liliane Dias E Dias De Macedo ◽  
Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanco Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability Increases Risks of Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Jia ◽  
Helen W.Y. Lee ◽  
Joyce Y.C. Chan ◽  
Karen K.L. Yiu ◽  
Kelvin K.F. Tsoi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Meta Regression

High blood pressure (BP) is considered as an important risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. BP variability (BPV) may contribute to cognitive function decline or even dementia regardless of BP level. This study aims to investigate whether BPV is an independent predictor for cognitive impairment or dementia. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science to May 2021. Longitudinal studies that assessed the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment with BPV as the predictor was included. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to evaluate the effect of BPV on the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. A total of 5919 papers were identified, and 16 longitudinal studies were included, which had >7 million participants and a median age from 50.9 to 79.9 years and a median follow-up of around 4 years. Thirteen studies reported visit-to-visit BPV and concluded that systolic BPV increases the risk of dementia with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05–1.17), and increases the risk of cognitive impairment with a pooled hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.06–1.15). Visit-to-visit diastolic BPV also increased the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. A meta-regression revealed a linear relationship between higher BPV and risks of dementia and cognitive impairment. Similar findings were observed in the studies with day-to-day BPV. This study suggests that long-term BPV is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment or dementia, so an intervention plan for reducing BPV can be a target for early prevention of dementia.

Long‐term adiposity is associated with poorer cognitive performance in middle‐aged adults at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca West ◽  
Ramit Ravona‐Springer ◽  
Inbal Sharvit‐Ginon ◽  
Sapir Golan ◽  
Anthony Heymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Dose-Response Relationship Between Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Cognitive Decline

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Rong Hua ◽  
Zhenchun Yang ◽  
Baoliang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

Background and Purpose: We aimed to test whether higher long-term blood pressure variability was associated with accelerated rate of cognitive decline and evaluate potential dose-response relationship. Methods: Original survey data from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used. Standardized Z score of cognitive function was the main outcome measure. Visit-to-visit blood pressure SD, coefficient of variation, and variation independent of mean were used. Linear mixed model and restricted spline were applied to assess association and explore dose-response pattern. Segmented regression was used to analyze dose-response relationship and estimate turning point. Meta-analysis using random-effects model was conducted to pool results, with I 2 used to test heterogeneity. Results: A total of 12 298 dementia-free participants were included (mean age: 64.6±8.6 years). Significant association was observed between blood pressure variability and cognitive decline. Each 10% increment in coefficient of variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was associated with accelerated global cognitive decline of 0.026 SD/y (95% CI, 0.016–0.036, P< 0.001) and 0.022 SD/y (95% CI, 0.017–0.027, P< 0.001), respectively. Nonlinear dose-response relationship was found ( P< 0.001 for nonlinearity), with clear turning point observed ( P< 0.001 for change in slopes). Conclusions: Higher long-term blood pressure variability was associated with accelerated cognitive decline among general adults aged ≥50 years, with nonlinear dose-response relationship. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate potential benefits of blood pressure variability-lowering strategies from a cognitive health perspective.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Vascular Function and Blood Pressure Phenotypes in Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged/Older Adults (P21-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Nicole Litwin ◽  
Hannah Van Ark ◽  
Shannon Hartley ◽  
Emily Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The gut microbiota is emerging as an important regulator of cardiovascular health. Indeed, gut dysbiosis is increasingly being linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aging and obesity are associated with the development of CVD largely due to the development of vascular dysfunction, namely endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota, blood pressure, and vascular function in aging overweight and obese individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included fifteen overweight and obese (mean body mass index, BMI: 29.5; range: 25.8–37.0) middle-aged/older men and postmenopausal women (mean age: 53; range: 42–64 years). Blood pressure, arterial stiffness (augmentation index, AIx, and aortic pulse wave velocity, aPWV), and endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index, RHI) were assessed. Stool samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Principal coordinates analysis and Pearson's correlations were performed to evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiota and measures of vascular function and blood pressure. Results Global gut microbiota phenotypes clustered most strongly by aPWV (groups separated by median value) as visualized by Non-Metric Dimensional Scaling plot of Bray-Curtis Distances (stress = 0.09; P = 0.07). Several bacterial taxa correlated with vascular parameters. For example, Bifidobacterium longum (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) and Akkermansia muciniphila (r = 0.56, P = 0.047) were positively correlated with RHI. Bifdobacterium bifidum (r = −0.61, P = 0.02) and Oxalobacter formigenes (r = −0.62, P = 0.02) were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure. Interestingly, there was no significant clustering by BMI groupings (overweight vs. obese) or correlations between BMI and specific taxa. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that the gut microbiota is linked to vascular dysfunction and increased blood pressure in aging overweight and obese individuals independent of BMI. Further data collection and analysis are currently underway to explore these relationships in a larger human cohort, and to explore underlying mechanisms through transferring of vascular phenotypes in humans to germ-free mice through microbiota transplantation. Funding Sources NIFA, USDA.

scholarly journals Hypertension, Prehypertension, and Hypertension Control

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-681
Author(s):  
Sara Teles de Menezes ◽  
Luana Giatti ◽  
Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant ◽  
Rosane Harter Griep ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Score

Hypertension, particularly in middle age, has been associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence is inconclusive. This study investigated whether hypertension, prehypertension, age, and duration of diagnosis, as well as blood pressure control, are associated with a decline in cognitive performance in ELSA-Brasil participants. This longitudinal study included 7063 participants, mean age 58.9 years at baseline (2008–2010), who attended visit 2 (2012–2014). Cognitive performance was measured in both visits and evaluated by the standardized scores of the memory, verbal fluency, trail B tests, and global cognitive score. The associations were investigated using linear mixed models. Hypertension and prehypertension at baseline were associated with decline in global cognitive score; being hypertension associated with reduction in memory test; and prehypertension with reduction in fluency test. Hypertension diagnose ≥55 years was associated with lower global cognitive and memory test scores, and hypertension diagnose <55 years with lower memory test scores. Duration of hypertension diagnoses was not associated with any marker of cognitive function decline. Among treated individuals, blood pressure control at baseline was inversely associated with the decline in both global cognitive and memory test scores. In this relatively young cohort, hypertension, prehypertension, and blood pressure control were independent predictors of cognitive decline in distinct abilities. Our findings suggest that both lower and older age of hypertension, but not duration of diagnosis, were associated with cognitive decline in different abilities. In addition to hypertension, prehypertension and pressure control might be critical for the preservation of cognitive function.

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