Studies on curing kinetics of polyphenylene sulfide: An insight into effects of curing temperature and time on structure and thermo‐mechanical behavior

In ouder to prepare the waterborne UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coatings, the anionic polyurethane acrylate emulsifier and bisphenol-S eopxy acrylate were synthesized. The curing process, kinetics and properties of waterborone UV-curable epoxy acrylate/polyurethanes acrylate coating were investigated by FTIR, DSC and DMA. The results show that the static initial curing temperature Ti is 52.36 oC, peak temperature Tp is 71.58 oC, the finished temperature Tf is 89.15 oC. The curing reaction can be described by two-parameter autocatalytic Šesták-Berggren (S-B) model.This coating has a better UV-curing property. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature Tg of coating film is 52.70 oC.

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The Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Epoxy Resin and its Application in Environmentally-Friendship Epoxy Molding Compound for IC Packaging

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.638 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 211-212 ◽

pp. 638-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming Shan Yang ◽

Jian Wei Liu ◽

Lin Kai Li

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Molding Compound ◽

Ic Packaging ◽

Ortho Cresol ◽

Novolac Epoxy ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Silicon-containing epoxy resin (CNE-Si) was synthesized from diphenylsilandiol (DPSD) and ortho-cresol novolac epoxy resin using SnCl2 as catalyst. The chemical structure of CNE-Si prepared in this paper was characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR. The thermal stability was analyzed by TGA. The result showed that the –Si- group enhanced the thermal stability of the epoxy resin. The curing kinetics of the system was studied by non-isothermal DSC. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction including the activation energy were calculated using Kissinger and Ozawa method. The results showed that the system containing CNE-Si has lower curing temperature and more quick curing speed compared to CNE, which can be used for manufacturing the quick-curing EMCs or afterward-curing-free EMCs.

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Curing kinetics of alkyd/melamine resin mixtures

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind0906629j ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 629-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirjana Jovicic ◽

Radmila Radicevic

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Protective Coatings ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Isoconversional Method ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Melamine Resin ◽

Alkyd Resins ◽

Synthetic Resins ◽

Isothermal Kinetic ◽

Kinetics Of

Alkyd resins are the most popular and useful synthetic resins applied as the binder in protective coatings. Frequently they are not used alone but are modified with other synthetic resins in the manufacture of the coatings. An alkyd/melamine resin mixture is the usual composition for the preparation of coating called 'baking enamel' and it is cured through functional groups of resins at high temperatures. In this paper, curing kinetics of alkyd resins based on castor oil and dehydrated castor oil with melamine resin, has been studied by DSC method with programmed heating and in isothermal mode. The results determined from dynamic DSC curves were mathematically transformed using the Ozawa isoconversional method for obtaining the isothermal data. These results, degree of curing versus time, are in good agreement with those determined by the isothermal DSC experiments. By applying the Ozawa method it is possible to calculate the isothermal kinetic parameters for the alkyd/melamine resin mixtures curing using only calorimetric data obtained by dynamic DSC runs. Depending on the alkyd resin type and ratio in mixtures the values of activation energies of curing process of resin mixtures are from 51.3 to 114 kJ mol-1. The rate constant of curing increases with increasing the content of melamine resin in the mixture and with curing temperature. The reaction order varies from 1.12 to 1.37 for alkyd based on dehydrated castor oil/melamine resin mixtures and from 1.74 to 2.03 for mixtures with alkyd based on castor oil. Based on the results obtained, we propose that dehydrated castor oil alkyd/melamine resin mixtures can be used in practice (curing temperatures from 120 to 160?C).

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The Curing Kinetics of E-Glass Fiber/Epoxy Resin Prepreg and the Bending Properties of Its Products

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14164673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4673

Author(s):

Lvtao Zhu ◽

Zhenxing Wang ◽

Mahfuz Bin Rahman ◽

Wei Shen ◽

Chengyan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Glass Fiber ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Composite Laminates ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

Reinforced Composite ◽

Curing Kinetic ◽

Kinetics Of

The curing kinetics can influence the final macroscopic properties, particularly the three-point bending of the fiber-reinforced composite materials. In this research, the curing kinetics of commercially available glass fiber/epoxy resin prepregs were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting and the apparent activation energy Ea of the prepreg, the pre-exponent factor, and the reaction order value obtained. A phenomenological nth-order curing reaction kinetic model was established according to Kissinger equation and Crane equation. Furthermore, the optimal curing temperature of the prepregs was obtained by the T-β extrapolation method. A vacuum hot pressing technique was applied to prepare composite laminates. The pre-curing, curing, and post-curing temperatures were 116, 130, and 153 °C respectively. In addition, three-point bending was used to test the specimens’ fracture behavior, and the surface morphology was analyzed. The results show that the differences in the mechanical properties of the samples are relatively small, indicating that the process settings are reasonable.

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Curing Kinetics and Mechanism Research of E44/T31 Insulation Paint

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.25.4.22095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 478-484

Author(s):

Haoqing XU ◽

Yuan FANG ◽

Aizhao ZHOU ◽

Pengming JIANG ◽

Shi SHU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Epoxy Group ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Curing Reaction ◽

Rate Versus ◽

Reaction Orders ◽

Dsc Method ◽

Kinetics Of

Epoxy resin insulation paint was prepared with epoxy resin (E44) as binder and with proper inorganic fillers and curing agent (T31) as additives. The isothermal curing reaction process of paint was studied by the differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC), and the curves of curing reaction rate versus time of paint were obtained. The curing reaction kinetics was investigated by using the phenomenological method, and the corresponding parameters of the n-order model, autocatalytic model and Kamal model were determined by fitting the experimental data, respectively. According to the values of R2 and the sum of square due to error (SSE), a suitable curing reaction kinetic model was determined. The curing reaction mechanism of paint was ascertained by the dynamic temperature DSC method and IR spectroscopy (FTIR) method. The results show that the Kamal model can be used to describe the curing kinetics of epoxy resin paint, and the total reaction orders increase from 1.30 to 2.14. The two rate constants increase with the increase of the curing temperature. The activation energy is 90.5832 kJ/mol and 68.3733 kJ/mol respectively, and the pre-exponential factors are 6.521 × 1015 s-1 and 6.3807 × 109 s-1. The curing reaction of paint consists of two steps: the first step is the addition reaction of epoxy group and primary amine or secondary amine; the second step is the etherification reaction of epoxy group and phenolic hydroxyl or alcoholic hydroxyl. Epoxy resin insulation paint was prepared with epoxy resin (E44) as binders and with proper inorganic fillers and curing agent (T31) as additives. The isothermal curing reaction process of paint was studied by differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC), and the curves of curing reaction rate versus time of paint were obtained. The curing reaction kinetics was studied by using the phenomenological method, the corresponding parameters of the n-order model, autocatalytic model and Kamal model were determined by fitting the experimental data, respectively. According to the values of R2 and the sum of square due to error (SSE), a suitable curing reaction kinetic model was determind. The curing reaction mechanism of paint was ascertained by dynamic temperature DSC method and IR spectrogram (FTIR) method. The results show that the kamal model can be used to describe the curing kinetics of epoxy resin paint, the total reaction orders increase from 1.30 to 2.14. The results also show that the two rate constants increase with increasing curing temperature, The activation energies are 90.5832 kJ/mol and 68.3733 kJ/mol, and the pre-exponential factor are 6.521×1015 s-1 and 6.3807×109 s-1. The curing reaction of paint in two steps, the first step is the addition reaction of epoxy group and primary amine or secondary amine. The second step is the etherification reaction of epoxy group and phenolic hydroxyl or alcoholic hydroxyl.

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Curing Kinetics of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Sodium Silicate

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1471 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 184-185 ◽

pp. 1471-1479

Author(s):

Jin Sun ◽

Xiao Feng Zhu ◽

Xiao Bo Wang ◽

Rui Hang Lin ◽

Zhen Zhong Gao

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Reaction Order ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Exponential Factor ◽

Curing Reaction ◽

Kinetics Of

The curing kinetics of PF resin modified with sodium silicate had been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic analysis was performed at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min，respectively. The kinetic parameters such as reaction order and activation energy were solved by Kissinger and Crane equation. The relationship between curing temperature and heating rate was also investigated. The activation energy and the curing reaction order，which were obtained by kinetic calculation, are 83.00kJ/mol and 0.917, respectively. The curing reaction kinetics equations were built by the obtained best curing temperature, reaction order, pre-exponential factor and reaction rate constant.

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Adhesion Strength Study of Silicone Rubber Compounds to Nylon 66

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.453 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 622-623 ◽

pp. 453-458

Author(s):

Hui Bin Ou ◽

Mohamed Sahli ◽

Thierry Barrière ◽

J.C. Gelin

Keyword(s):

Adhesion Strength ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Curing Time ◽

Nylon 66 ◽

Rotational Rheometer ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Interfacial Adhesion Strength ◽

Kinetics Of

In recent years, multi-component injection molding has largely developed in the industries. During the manufacturing process, the critical challenge is in achieving an optimum adhesion between the two materials. This study examines the influence of curing kinetics on the interfacial adhesion strength between a silicone rubber and nylon 66 using a rotational rheometer. The evolution of adhesion strength of assembly during the curing behaviour of silicone rubber was measured by tensile test at different curing temperature and different curing time. The results showed a significant increase in adhesion was obtained while either the curing temperature or the curing time increased. In this study, the rheological property of silicone rubber fluid has been also determined by the rotational rheometer. In addition, the kinetics of the curing reaction of silicone rubber has been studied by differential scanning calorimeter.

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Non-Isothermal Curing Kinetics of a Modified Benzoxazine Resin System Suitable for Hot-Melt Prepreg Preparation

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.266.128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 266 ◽

pp. 128-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meng Jin Fan ◽

Yu Zhou ◽

Yi Hao Luan ◽

Qian Zang ◽

Dong Xia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Cure Kinetics ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Resin System ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Hot Melt

Non-isothermal DSC was used to study the cure kinetics of a flame-retardant benzoxazine resin system (BZ501-1) suitable for hot-melt prepreg preparation. The variation of activation energy with conversion for BZ501-1 system was investigated by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, and the average value of activation energy obtained from this method was 100.5 kJ/mol. After that, the model function that depends on the reaction mechanism for the non-isothermal cure of BZ501-1 system was determined by Málek method, and the result showed that Šesták-Berggren model can generally simulate well the reaction rate. Finally, the isothermal curing behavior of BZ501-1 at 200 °C was predicted by using the obtained rate equation, and the result showed that there was no significant difference between the experiment conversions and the predicted ones. The predicted results at different temperatures indicated that the curing rate increased gradually with increasing the curing temperature.

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Study on Curing Kinetics of Natural Rubber Dried by Microwave

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2809 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 807-809 ◽

pp. 2809-2812

Author(s):

Mei Chen ◽

Fu Quan Zhang ◽

Yong Zhou Wang ◽

Mao Fang Huang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Curing Kinetics ◽

Peak Height ◽

Peak Position ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Conversion Degree ◽

Kinetics Of

In this article, the curing kinetics of natural rubber (NR) dried by microwave at frequency of 2450MHz was studied using vulcameter, as well as molecular weight. Seen from the results, the molecular weight distribution of NR dried by microwave was wide, the reaction rate of NR dried by microwave at any temperatures increased with conversion degree (α) increment and passed through a maximum at the value ofαbetween 0.1 and 0.3, the peak height ofαwas increased with a shift in peak position towards a higherαvalue, which provided evidences that the curing behavior illustrated autocatalytic characteristics and depended on curing temperature.

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