Satellite cells and skeletal muscle regeneration

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. T. Church ◽  
R. F. X. Noronha ◽  
D. B. Allbrook
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

scholarly journals The LIM domain protein nTRIP6 modulates the dynamics of myogenic differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannaz Norizadeh Abbariki ◽  
Zita Gonda ◽  
Denise Kemler ◽  
Pavel Urbanek ◽  
Tabea Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Temporal Control ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Lim Domain Protein ◽  
Domain Protein

AbstractThe process of myogenesis which operates during skeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of muscle stem cells, the so-called satellite cells. These then give rise to proliferating progenitors, the myoblasts which subsequently exit the cell cycle and differentiate into committed precursors, the myocytes. Ultimately, the fusion of myocytes leads to myofiber formation. Here we reveal a role for the transcriptional co-regulator nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the LIM-domain protein TRIP6, in the temporal control of myogenesis. In an in vitro model of myogenesis, the expression of nTRIP6 is transiently up-regulated at the transition between proliferation and differentiation, whereas that of the cytosolic isoform TRIP6 is not altered. Selectively blocking nTRIP6 function results in accelerated early differentiation followed by deregulated late differentiation and fusion. Thus, the transient increase in nTRIP6 expression appears to prevent premature differentiation. Accordingly, knocking out the Trip6 gene in satellite cells leads to deregulated skeletal muscle regeneration dynamics in the mouse. Thus, dynamic changes in nTRIP6 expression contributes to the temporal control of myogenesis.

scholarly journals Acid Sphingomyelinase Controls Early Phases of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Shaping the Macrophage Phenotype

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3028
Author(s):  
Paulina Roux-Biejat ◽  
Marco Coazzoli ◽  
Pasquale Marrazzo ◽  
Silvia Zecchini ◽  
Ilaria Di Renzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Acid Sphingomyelinase ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Early Phases

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells’ differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.

scholarly journals The IRE1/XBP1 signaling axis promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through a cell non-autonomous mechanism

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Roy ◽  
Meiricris Tomaz da Silva ◽  
Raksha Bhat ◽  
Kyle R Bohnert ◽  
Takao Iwawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways activated in both injured myofibers and satellite cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major mechanism that detects and alleviates protein-folding stresses in ER. However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1 or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells and their fusion to injured myofibers. Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. Myofiber-specific deletion of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-kB pathway in skeletal muscle of mice. Our results also demonstrate that targeted ablation of IRE1α reduces skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Collectively, our results reveal that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner.

scholarly journals Abcg2 labels multiple cell types in skeletal muscle and participates in muscle regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Doyle ◽  
Sheng Zhou ◽  
Kathleen Kelly Tanaka ◽  
Addolorata Pisconti ◽  
Nicholas H. Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
A Minor

Skeletal muscle contains progenitor cells (satellite cells) that maintain and repair muscle. It also contains muscle side population (SP) cells, which express Abcg2 and may participate in muscle regeneration or may represent a source of satellite cell replenishment. In Abcg2-null mice, the SP fraction is lost in skeletal muscle, although the significance of this loss was previously unknown. We show that cells expressing Abcg2 increased upon injury and that muscle regeneration was impaired in Abcg2-null mice, resulting in fewer centrally nucleated myofibers, reduced myofiber size, and fewer satellite cells. Additionally, using genetic lineage tracing, we demonstrate that the progeny of Abcg2-expressing cells contributed to multiple cell types within the muscle interstitium, primarily endothelial cells. After injury, Abcg2 progeny made a minor contribution to regenerated myofibers. Furthermore, Abcg2-labeled cells increased significantly upon injury and appeared to traffic to muscle from peripheral blood. Together, these data suggest an important role for Abcg2 in positively regulating skeletal muscle regeneration.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of IL-4 and SDF-1 on Myogenic Potential of Mouse and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Karolina Archacka ◽  
Joanna Bem ◽  
Edyta Brzoska ◽  
Areta M. Czerwinska ◽  
Iwona Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
The Impact

Under physiological conditions skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the satellite cells. After injury these cells become activated, proliferate, and differentiate into myofibers reconstructing damaged tissue. Under pathological conditions satellite cells are not sufficient to support regeneration. For this reason, other cells are sought to be used in cell therapies, and different factors are tested as a tool to improve the regenerative potential of such cells. Many studies are conducted using animal cells, omitting the necessity to learn about human cells and compare them to animal ones. Here, we analyze and compare the impact of IL-4 and SDF-1, factors chosen by us on the basis of their ability to support myogenic differentiation and cell migration, at mouse and human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). Importantly, we documented that mouse and human ADSCs differ in certain reactions to IL-4 and SDF-1. In general, the selected factors impacted transcriptome of ADSCs and improved migration and fusion ability of cells in vitro. In vivo, after transplantation into injured muscles, mouse ADSCs more eagerly participated in new myofiber formation than the human ones. However, regardless of the origin, ADSCs alleviated immune response and supported muscle reconstruction, and cytokine treatment enhanced these effects. Thus, we documented that the presence of ADSCs improves skeletal muscle regeneration and this influence could be increased by cell pretreatment with IL-4 and SDF-1.

scholarly journals Sox15 Is Required for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 8428-8436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heon-Jin Lee ◽  
Wolfgang Göring ◽  
Matthias Ochs ◽  
Christian Mühlfeld ◽  
Gerd Steding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Myogenic Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Lineages

ABSTRACT The Sox genes define a family of transcription factors that play a key role in the determination of cell fate during development. The preferential expression of the Sox15 in the myogenic precursor cells led us to suggest that the Sox15 is involved in the specification of myogenic cell lineages or in the regulation of the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes during the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. To identify the physiological function of Sox15 in mice, we disrupted the Sox15 by homologous recombination in mice. Sox15-deficient mice were born at expected ratios, were healthy and fertile, and displayed normal long-term survival rates. Histological analysis revealed the normal ultrastructure of myofibers and the presence of comparable amounts of satellite cells in the skeletal muscles of Sox15−/− animals compared to wild-type animals. These results exclude the role of Sox15 in the development of satellite cells. However, cultured Sox15−/− myoblasts displayed a marked delay in differentiation potential in vitro. Moreover, skeletal muscle regeneration in Sox15−/− mice was attenuated after application of a crush injury. These results suggest a requirement for Sox15 in the myogenic program. Expression analyses of the early myogenic regulated factors MyoD and Myf5 showed the downregulation of the MyoD and upregulation of the Myf5 in Sox15−/− myoblasts. These results show an increased proportion of the Myf5-positive cells and suggest a role for Sox15 in determining the early myogenic cell lineages during skeletal muscle development.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Myogenic Program of Satellite Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. NMI.S27481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Bhullar ◽  
Charles T. Putman ◽  
Vera C. Mazurak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Myogenic Program

Skeletal muscle loss is associated with aging as well as pathological conditions. Satellite cells (SCs) play an important role in muscle regeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids are widely studied in a variety of muscle wasting diseases; however, little is known about their impact on skeletal muscle regeneration. The aim of this review is to evaluate studies examining the effect of omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on the regulation of SC proliferation and differentiation. This review highlights mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may modulate the myogenic program of the stem cell population within skeletal muscles and identifies considerations for future studies. It is proposed that minimally three myogenic transcriptional regulatory factors, paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 protein, and myogenin, should be measured to confirm the stage of SCs within the myogenic program affected by omega-3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals In Vivo Activation of STAT3 Signaling in Satellite Cells and Myofibers in Regenerating Rat Skeletal Muscles

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Kami ◽  
Emiko Senba
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Stat3 Signaling

Although growth factors and cytokines play critical roles in skeletal muscle regeneration, intracellular signaling molecules that are activated by these factors in regenerating muscles have been not elucidated. Several lines of evidence suggest that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an important cytokine for the proliferation and survival of myoblasts in vitro and acceleration of skeletal muscle regeneration. To elucidate the role of LIF signaling in regenerative responses of skeletal muscles, we examined the spatial and temporal activation patterns of an LIF-associated signaling molecule, the signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins in regenerating rat skeletal muscles induced by crush injury. At the early stage of regeneration, activated STAT3 proteins were first detected in the nuclei of activated satellite cells and then continued to be activated in proliferating myoblasts expressing both PCNA and MyoD proteins. When muscle regeneration progressed, STAT3 signaling was no longer activated in differentiated myoblasts and myotubes. In addition, activation of STAT3 was also detected in myonuclei within intact sarcolemmas of surviving myofibers that did not show signs of necrosis. These findings suggest that activation of STAT3 signaling is an important molecular event that induces the successful regeneration of injured skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Pax7-expressing satellite cells are indispensable for adult skeletal muscle regeneration

Development ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (19) ◽  
pp. 4333-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sambasivan ◽  
R. Yao ◽  
A. Kissenpfennig ◽  
L. Van Wittenberghe ◽  
A. Paldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle
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