Plant dry weight and nutritive value of genetically diverse germplasm of false Rhodes grass [ Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson and N.W. Snow], a native forage grass from arid regions of the Americas

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deolindo Luis Esteban Dominguez ◽  
Juan Bruno Cavagnaro ◽  
María Belén Pérez ◽  
Pablo Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Rhodes Grass

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Brachiaria GRASS CULTIVARS AT KATUMANI DRYLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH EASTERN KENYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-717
Author(s):  
Susan Akinyi Nguku ◽  
Nashon K.R. Musimba ◽  
Donald N. Njarui ◽  
Royford Murangiri Mwobobia
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Semi Arid

The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Katumani, Machakos to evaluate the herbage quality of Brachiaria grass cultivars in semi arid regions of Eastern Kenya. Brachiaria cultivars namely B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria hybrid  Mulato II, four Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu, Xaraes, Piata, MG4 and Brachiaria humidicola cv Llanero were assessed with reference to their chemical and nutritive composition at 22, 24 and 28 weeks post seedling emergence. Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv KATR3) and Napier grass (P. pupureum cv. Kakamega I) were included as controls. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the cultivars for crude protein, crude fibre (NDF, ADF and ADL) Ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Dry Matter Digestibilty and Metabolisable energy during the the week 22 and 24 post seedling emergence harvest. At week 28 harvest interval, however, ADL values for all the cultivars were similar and only Marandu was significantly different (p<0.05) in terms of metabolizable energy from the rest. The mean CP content of the grasses decreased from 11.1% at week 22 to 6.3% at harvest week 28 harvest intervals. MG4, Mulato II and Xaraes were the only grasses able to meet minimum CP (7.0%) requirement for rumen microbial function throughout the harvest period. Ash and phosphorus values decreased whereas Calcium content increased for all the cultivars during the harvest intervals, with Mulato II recording the highest ash (15%) content during this period. Chloris gayana KATR3 recorded highest average NDF (72.9%), ADF (48.1%) and ADL (6.1%) content during this period. Xaraes, Marandu and Mulato II were the only cultivars able to achieve the highest metabolizable energy of  7.0 MJ/kg DM recorded for the grass cultivars throughout the harvest intervals. These results indicate that Brachiaria grasses can be a good source of forage for livestock and a boost to the forage resource base in the semi arid regions of Kenya. Further research is needed to quantify their productivity in both dry and wet periods and to assess the effect of feeding on animal production performance.

The effect of sodium on potassium nutrition and ionic relations in Rhodes grass

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The effects of sodium on the response of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) to potassium have been studied in pot trials. The amount of potassium required to achieve maximum growth was progressively reduced as the level of sodium application was increased from 0 to 400 mg per pot. The concentration of potassium in the tops of plants growing at 95% of maximum yield was also progressively reduced from 2.7% in plants not fertilized with sodium to 0.5% in plants receiving 400 mg sodium per pot. It is concluded that such interactions between the levels of major elements preclude the use of a 'critical potassium level' for diagnosing potassium deficiency in Rhodes grass. An alternative diagnostic scheme which takes account of interactions between some of the major elements is suggested. This scheme requires that plants would be adequately supplied with potassium if two criteria were met simultaneously: the potassium concentration was above the minimum specifically required (0.5% of the dry matter for Rhodes grass) and the cation-anion balance was above a minimum level characteristic for that particular species (800 m-equiv./kg dry weight for Rhodes grass).

scholarly journals Characteristic of the nutritive value of the protein from rye caruopses. I. Amino acid composition of protein and the nitrogen forms in the caryopses of ten rue varieties from the breeding collection

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kubiczek ◽  
M. Rakowska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Total and soluble nitrogen, protein and non-protein -nitrogen was determined as well as the amino acid composition of the caryopses of ten rye varieties including three bred in Poland and cultivated on a commercial scale: 'Dańkowskie Złote', 'Dańkowskie Selekcyjne' and 'Borkowskie Tetra'. and seven foreign varieties characterized by a high total protein content (11.9-16.4% in dry weight). In the varieties examined the amount of protein nitrogen increased in the same degree as did the content of total nitrogen. The amino acids limiting the nutritive value of the protein in rye caryopses were mostly lysine and methionine, and in the varieties with high protein content tryptophan. The low-protein varieties had a relatively higher content of lysine, sulphur amino acids, tryptophan and other amino acids (as % of protein) than the high protein ones, but their absolute amino acid content (as % of dry weight) was lower.

scholarly journals Effect of Cooking Methods on the Nutritive Value and Lipid Oxidation of Two Cricket Species Consumed In Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Noel Tenyang ◽  
Bernard Tiencheu ◽  
Abazidi Mamat ◽  
Ludovine Ateufack Mawamba ◽  
Roger Ponka
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Tbars Values

Aims: The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effect cooking on the proximate composition and lipid oxidation of two cricket species (Hieroglyphus daganensis and Paracinema tricolor) commonly consumed in Cameroon. Study Design: Paracinema tricolor and Hieroglyphus daganensis harvesting, cleaning, killing, cooking and drying, evaluation the effect cooking treatment on the nutritive value and lipid oxidation of these crickets species. Place and Duration Study: University of Maroua, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I in Cameroon from November 2018 to July 2019. Methodology: The two types of crickets after harvesting and transporting to the laboratory, were killed by freezing at -20°C for 24 hours. Common cooking methods (pan roasting and pan frying) were used to cook it. The raw, roasted and fried crickets were left at ambient temperature and then one part was transformed into powder using an electric grinder. Before analysis, the powders and the whole samples were stored at 4°C. The ash, lipid, protein, carbohydrates and crude fibber content were determined in powder samples. The oil was extracted from whole samples of raw, roasted and fried insects. Various chemical parameter (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and thiobarbituric acid) were used to assess crickets’ lipid qualities during the cooking methods. Results: The proximate analysis of raw samples revealed that the ash content of Paracinema tricolor and Hieroglyphus daganensis was 3.17% and 3.49% (% of dry weight) respectively. The lipid content was generally high ranging from 15.80% to 18.10% and the protein content ranged from 41.69% to 48.59%. The raw Paracinema tricolor compared to Hieroglyphus daganensis was found to have the higher contents of lipid, protein and energy.  All the cooking methods increased the lipid, protein and ash contents, as well as the calorie values of the two cricket’s species, while the moisture content was reduced. The free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of the two crickets’ oil were significantly increased after roasting and frying processing. Iodine value decreased. Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that soaking combined with frying method appeared to be the best cooking method in the two species of crickets in terms of caloric content and lipid oxidative stability.

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of Soybean Genotypes under Salinity Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
K.M. Nasiruddin ◽  
M. Al-Amin ◽  
A.K.M.S. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Salinity is one of the most limiting factors for successful crop production in in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Thirty eight soybean genotypes were screened at 8mMNaCl under in vitro condition. Salinity reduced Shoot dry weight, Root dry weight and Plant height. Salt susceptibility index was fully and positive correlated with percent reduction of total dry weight. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components were extracted that comprises of about 98.6% of the total variation in the genotypes. Based on the K-means clustering, 8, 6, 12 and 12 genotypes were categorized under cluster II, IV, III and I and considered as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible which represents the 21, 16, 31.5 and 31.5%, respectively. Genotypes Shohag, AGS 313, PK 416, AGS 66, MACS 57, AGS 195, GC 308, AGS 129 were found relatively tolerant to salinity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 207-212

Composition and Nutritive Value of Meals From Alewife, Sheepshead, Maria, and Tullibee

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. March ◽  
J. Biely ◽  
E. G. Bligh ◽  
A. W. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Aplodinotus Grunniens ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

The composition and nutritive value of meals manufactured from four species of freshwater fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), sheepshead (Aplodinotus grunniens), maria (Lota lota), and tullibee (Coregonus artedii), were determined and compared with meals of marine origin (herring and white fish). The meals from freshwater fish contained 62–68% protein, 7–13% fat, and 14–20% ash. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium levels were lower than in the marine fish meals but iron and copper were higher. Riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, and cobalamin were present in lesser amounts in freshwater fish meals than in herring meal but at similar or higher levels than in white fish meal. There were no consistent differences between the amino acid compositions of the freshwater fish and the marine fish meals. Biological tests with chicks indicated that the freshwater fish meals were similar in supplementary protein value to marine fish meals. The pepsin digestibility values for proteins were 95.5–97.7% which compare favourably with the values for marine fish meals. Metabolizable energy values ranged from 2630 to 3680 Kcal/kg dry weight.

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