Reporting racial and ethnic diversity in eating disorder research over the past 20 years

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy H. Egbert ◽  
Rowan A. Hunt ◽  
Kayla L. Williams ◽  
Natasha L. Burke ◽  
Karen Jennings Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of fasting among U.S. college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury

Abstract Background Fasting is an unhealthy behavior that has been frequently used as part of weight loss attempts. To date, little research has been conducted to determine the prevalence and substance use and mental health correlates of fasting among college students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associations between any (≥ 1 time) and regular (≥ 13 times) occurrences of fasting in the past 4 weeks and substance use and mental health correlates among a large sample of college students from 2016 to 2020. Methods Data from four academic survey years (2016–2020; N = 8255) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study were analyzed. Unadjusted prevalence of any and regular fasting by survey year and gender was estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between any and regular fasting and the demographic (age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, highest parental education), substance use (cigarette use, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, alcohol use), and mental health (depression, anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury) correlates. Results Any fasting in the past 4 weeks was common among both men (14.77%) and women (18.12%) and significantly increased from 2016 (10.30%) to 2020 (19.81%) only among men. Regular fasting significantly increased among both men and women from 2016 (men: 1.46%; women: 1.79%) to 2020 (men: 3.53%; women: 6.19%). Among men and women, both any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of all mental health symptoms, including a positive depression, anxiety, and eating disorder screen, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury. Among women, but not men, any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of marijuana use and other illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy). Conclusions The results from this study underscore both the high and increasing prevalence of fasting among a national sample of college students, as well as the substance use and mental health symptoms associated with this behavior. Healthcare professionals both on and off campus should consider screening for fasting behaviors among college students and provide appropriate intervention when needed.

scholarly journals Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Strand ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Observation Period

BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.

How to Get There

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-234
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Role ◽  
The Right ◽  
Organized Interest

Abstract: The lesson of the past one hundred years is that as the United States gets richer, we are willing to spend more in order to safeguard against loss and enhance fairness. Advances in social policy come only intermittently, but they do come. And when they come, they usually last. The expansion of public insurance that has occurred over the past century is what we should expect for the future. I consider an array of potential obstacles, including Americans’ dislike of big government, Democrats’ centrism, Democrats’ electoral struggles, the shift to the right in the balance of organized interest group strength, the structure of America’s political system, racial and ethnic diversity, slowing economic growth, and more. None of these is likely to derail America’s slow but steady movement toward an expanded government role in improving economic security, enhancing opportunity, and ensuring decent and rising living standards for all.

scholarly journals Comparison of Shoplifting Behaviours in Patients with Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Control Subjects, and Undergraduate Control Subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot M Goldner ◽  
Josie Geller ◽  
C Laird Birmingham ◽  
Ronald A Remick
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptomatology ◽  
The Relationship

Shoplifting behaviours were examined in an eating disorder group (EDG, n = 48), a psychiatric control group (PCG, n = 46), and an undergraduate control group (UCG, n = 82). They were examined in relation to self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptomatology. The 3 groups did not differ in overall history of shoplifting, but EDG women were more likely to have shoplifted in the past 6 months (current shoplifting) and to have shoplifted often than were women from the PCG or UCG. Across all 3 groups, current shoplifting was associated with low self-esteem, elevated depression, and purging behaviours at the time of the assessment. The implications of these findings with regard to the relationship between shoplifting and eating disorder symptomatology will be addressed.

KEBIJAKAN POLITIK KERUKUNAN ANTARAGAMADI INDONESIA PADA MASA ORDE BARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-498
Author(s):  
Afnan Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
New Order ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Interreligious Relations

New Order has given the character and style of interreligious relations up to now. But the basic framework of the religious policy of the colonial era, both the Dutch and Japanese, still must be borne in succession to carve his footsteps. This has very important implications in the management of pluralistic society, because with this paradigm also strengthened the notion that ethnic diversity, traditions, culture and beliefs of various community groups must be eliminated so that the unity imaginable can be realized. There, assimilation and harmony so basic spirit which is then translated into policies, not least the policy of interreligious harmony. Indeed, interreligious harmony has long been an obsession of the New Order regime. In fact, if you want to be tracked, the discourse about harmony emerged and strengthened with the rise and strengthening of the regime led by Suharto at that time. This article talks about the various policy New Order related to inter-religious relations in Indonesia in the past..

Epidemiology and primary prevention of feeding and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1059-1064
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Halmi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

In the past 20 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) in industrialized countries has remained stable at 4.2–7.7 new cases per 100,000 per year. During this period, the incidence of bulimia nervosa (BN) has decreased from 12.2 to 6.1 per 100,000. The lifetime prevalence of AN in females in the United States in the past decade was 0.9% and 0.3% in males, and that of BN was 0.88% in females and 0.12% in males in a European study. Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder (ED), with a lifetime prevalence of 3.5% in women in the United States and 2.0% in men. AN has the highest standardized mortality rate of 5.86, followed by BN with a standardized mortality rate of 2.29. Less than half of AN patients have a full recovery, compared to two-thirds of BN patients who recover. The prevalence of EDs is increasing in the Middle East and Asian countries, as well as among Latinos, African-Americans, and Asians in the United States. Body dissatisfaction and a family history of ED are consistent risk factors across all EDs. Perfectionism is a greater risk factor for restricting AN and conduct disorders, and substance abuse and sexual abuse are risk factors for BN and BED. ED prevention programmes have mainly targeted at-risk persons in specific age groups and environments. Both Internet-based and group session programmes have reduced ED-related symptoms. There are multiple issues concerning the implementation and maintenance of prevention programmes, including clinician training, costs, attrition rate, and effectiveness over time.

scholarly journals McNamara’s Cephalometric Analysis of Adult Brahmins of Kathmandu

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Situ Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Craniofacial Structure ◽  
Facial Height

Introduction: Appropriate comparison of an individual’s craniofacial structure can be made when evaluated relative to his/her comparable peer group. However, McNamara’s Caucasian norms are being used for adult Brahmins cephalometric analysis.Objective: To determine cephalometric norms using McNamara’s analysis in adult Brahmins of Kathmandu and to compare the values within the group and with Caucasians. Materials & Method: Screening of 850 individuals aged 18-27 years was performed. Inclusion criteria were Angle’s Class I molar and canine relation with normal overjet and overbite, symmetric face with acceptable profile, without craniofacial abnormalities, orthodontic/surgical treatment in the past and without proximal caries or prosthesis. Lateral digital cephalometric radiographs of 41 selected adult Brahmins of Kathmandu (23 males and 18 females) were manually traced. Comparative test was conducted within adult Brahmins of Kathmandu and with Caucasian group at significance level p≤0.05.Result: Adult male Brahmins of Kathmandu were found to have larger craniofacial measurements: Effective Mandibular Length (p≤0.001), Maxillo-mandibular Differential  (p≤0.05) and Lower Anterior Facial Height (p≤0.01) than adult female Brahmins of Kathmandu. Adult Brahmins were found to have smaller craniofacial measurements compared to Caucasians.Conclusion: Gender and ethnic diversity must be considered during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for an individual. 

scholarly journals Population Mobility across the Pakistani Border: Fifty Years Experience

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 989-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif ◽  
Mohammad Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Identity Cards ◽  
Temporary Settlement

This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past fifty years. Some consequences of this mobility have also been briefly mentioned. The dichotomy of this population mobility into inward and outward flow reveals that while the former can be traced to political factors like the partition of the Subcontinent and the Afghan war, the latter mostly represents a job-oriented move. Every flow is associated with its own set of effects, difficult to be encompassed by a single research exercise. Migration from India in the wake of partition is associated with a higher level of urbanisation and a rise in religious homogeneity associated at the same time with increased ethnic diversity, which according to some can be linked with the current Karachi situation. Pakistan also engaged in manpower export and experienced brain-drain. Both of these outward flows, to some extent rooted in history, have particular effects for the society and economy. These differences emanate from the pattern of permanent or temporary settlement abroad, characteristics of the emigrants particularly in terms of human capital endowments. and the nature of links maintained with families in Pakistan which have a bearing on the inflow of remittances. Illegal migration to Pakistan from the surrounding countries is alleged to be substantial at present. The ease with which the identity cards and passports of Pakistan are acquired by these illegal migrants simply reveals the level of control and the standard of honesty prevailing in the situation. In this context, the importance of peace and economic stability in the neighbouring countries emerges to be quite obvious for Pakistan.

scholarly journals Lviv and Chernivtsi: Two Memory Cultures at the Western Ukrainian Borderland

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Narvselius ◽  
Niklas Bernsand
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Different Cultures

<p>Despite geographical proximity and comparable historical development since the fall of the Soviet Union, Lviv and Chernivtsi betray different approaches to commemorating the past. This might point to the existence of different cultures of memory that sustain a narrative about acceptance or rejection of ethnic diversity. But the cultures of memory in the cities also have common characteristic, namely, contemporary urbanites form their attitudes towards the past not through personal experience and family transmission of past memories but through prosthetic memory, which relies on hearsay, media, literature, popular culture and the arts. When deliberate choice comes to the fore in building various identity projects, the work of stitching together contradictory historical representations is guided not so much by path-dependent logic of collective memory as by present-day expediency and power games of different mnemonic actors. Therefore, this paper argues that the most observable trend in the cultures of memory in Lviv and Chernivtsi is pillarization, i.e., an agreement among external and internal memory entrepreneurs and marketeers that each population group is the custodian of its “own” heritage. Nevertheless, ultimately the condition of heritage envisioned in the two cities seems to be an assimilationist “incorporation-to-the-core” model, where the core consists of various versions of the Ukrainian national heritage.</p>

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