scholarly journals Dynamic 2 H irrigation pulse‐labelling reveals rapid infiltration and mixing of precipitation in the soil and species‐specific water uptake depths of trees in a temperate forest

Ecohydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Kahmen ◽  
Till Buser ◽  
Günter Hoch ◽  
Georges Grun ◽  
Lars Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Species Specific

How do meteorological variables and topography control species-specific water uptake strategy along a forested hillslope?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Fabiani ◽  
Daniele Penna ◽  
Julian Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Species Specific

<p>In the face of current global warming conditions, temperate forest ecosystems are expected to be strongly affected by temperature increase and more frequent and intense water shortage. This leads to severe stress for forest vegetation in many temperate systems. Therefore, understanding the vegetation water use in temperate forests is urgently needed for more effective forest management strategies. Root water uptake (RWU) is a species-specific trait (tree physiology and root architecture) and its spatio-temporal patterns are controlled by a range of site-specific (e.g., topography, geology, pedology) and meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, soil humidity, rainfall.</p><p>In the present study, we use stable water isotopologues as ecohydrological tracers combined with continuous measurement of hydrometeorological (weather variables, groundwater levels, soil moisture, streamflow) and physiological (sap flow, radial stem growth) parameters to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of water uptake for beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) trees along a hillslope in a Luxemburgish catchment.</p><p>Fortnightly field campaigns were carried out during the growing season (April-October) 2019 to sample water from xylem, soil water at different depths, groundwater, stream water, and precipitation. Soil water isotopic composition and xylem water were extracted via cryogenic distillation. Grab sampling was performed for the other water pools. The isotopic composition was determined through laser spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (for xylem samples only).</p><p>From preliminary results, the isotopic composition of xylem water shows a marked seasonal variability suggesting a plasticity in RWU or a change in the isotopic composition of the water pools over the growing season. Moreover, beech and oak trees exhibit different uptake strategies when water supply is low. Within the range of observed groundwater variation topography does not play a statistically significant role on RWU.</p>

scholarly journals Species-specific indication of 13 tree species growth on climate warming in temperate forest community of northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 108389
Author(s):  
Danyang Yuan ◽  
Liangjun Zhu ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Zongshan Li ◽  
Yuandong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Specific Indication ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Calibration of Granier-Type (TDP) Sap Flow Probes by a High Precision Electronic Potometer

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Pasqualotto ◽  
Vinicio Carraro ◽  
Roberto Menardi ◽  
Tommaso Anfodillo
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Species Specific

Thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method (Granier, 1985) is widely used to estimate tree transpiration (i.e., the water evaporated from the leaves) because it is simple to build, easy to install, and relatively inexpensive. However, the universality of the original calibration has been questioned and, in many cases, proved to be inaccurate. Thus, when the TDP is used in a new species, specific tests should be carried out. Our aim was to propose a new method for improving the accuracy of TDP on trees in the field. Small hazelnut trees (diameter at breast height 5 cm) were used for the experiment. The response of TDP sensors was compared with a reference water uptake measured with an electronic potometer system provided with a high precision liquid flow meter. We equipped three stems where we measured the sap flow density, the sapwood area (by using fuchsine), the total tree water uptake (reference), and the main meteorological parameters during summer 2018. Results confirmed that the original Granier’s calibration underestimated the effective tree transpiration (relative error about −60%). We proposed a new equation for improving the measurement accuracy within an error of about 4%. The system proposed appeared an easier solution compared to potted trees and particularly suitable for orchards, thus contributing to improve the irrigation management worldwide.

Tracing plant water fluxes in ecosystems by stable isotopes along the soil-plant and plant-atmosphere interfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Werner
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

<p>Terrestrial vegetation is a main driver of ecosystem water fluxes, as plants mediate the water fluxes within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. Stable isotopologues of water are efficient tracer to follow the water transfer in soils, uptake by plants, transport in stems and release into the atmosphere through stomata. The development of in-situ methods coupled to isotope spectroscopy does now enable real-time in-situ water vapour isotopologue measurements revealing high spatial and temporal dynamics, such as adaptations in root water uptake depths (within hours to days) or the impact of transpirational fluxes on atmospheric moisture.</p><p>Examples will be given how isotopes can be used to inform the complex interplay between plant ecophysiological adaptations and hydrological processes. For example, root water uptake is not solely driven by soil water availability but has to be understood in the context of species-specific regulation of active zones in their rooting system determining the conductivity between soil and roots regulating uptake depths. The latter has also to be evaluated in context of the nutrient demand and the spatial nutrient availability. Similarly, plant water transport and losses are a fined tuned interplay between species-specific structural and functional adaptations and atmospheric processes.</p><p>Finally, first data of a large-scale ecosystem labelling experiment at the Biosphere 2 tropical rainforest of the B2 Wald, Atmosphere, and Live Dynamics (B2WALD) will be presented.</p>

The blame game: Using eDNA to identify species-specific tree browsing by red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a temperate forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
pp. 117483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne T.S. van Beeck Calkoen ◽  
Kieran Leigh-Moy ◽  
Joris P.G.M. Cromsigt ◽  
Göran Spong ◽  
Leo C. Lebeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Species Specific

Monitoring tree species-specific water uptake strategies via continuous in-situ stable water isotope measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Orlowski ◽  
Stefan Seeger ◽  
David Mennekes ◽  
Hugo de Boer ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Isotope Measurements ◽  
Water Isotope

<p>Water isotope tracing techniques in combination with laser-based isotopic analyses have advanced our understanding of plant water uptake patterns providing opportunities to carry out observational studies at high spatio-temporal resolution. Studying these highly dynamic processes at the interface between soils and trees can be challenging under natural field conditions, as available water resources are difficult to control. On the other hand, the results of small pot experiments in the greenhouse using tree seedlings are often difficult to transfer to mature trees. Here, we setup a controlled outdoor large pot experiment with three different, 4-6 meter high and 20 year old trees: <em>Pinus pinea, Alnus <span>spaethii</span> and Quercus suber.</em> We took advantage of stable water isotope techniques by tracing plant water uptake from the root zone through the xylem via isotopically labelled irrigation water. We combined ecohydrological observations of sapflow, photosynthesis, soil moisture and temperature and soil matrix potential with high resolution measurements of water stable isotopes in soils and trees to understand how soil water is used by different tree species. We monitored the isotopic composition of soil and xylem water in high temporal resolution with in-situ isotope probes installed at different depths in the soil and different heights in the tree stem. We further compared the water isotopic composition of our in-situ monitoring setup with destructive sampling methods for soil and plant water (vapour equilibration method and cryogenic extraction).</p><p>Our results from the continuous monitoring showed a distinct difference in the xylem sap isotopic signature between<em> Quercus</em> on the one hand and <em>Alnus</em> and <em>Pinus</em> on the other hand. This is likely due to different water use strategies of these tree species. The tree xylem isotopic signature of <em>Alnus</em> and <em>Pinus</em> responded to the isotopic label within one day and six days at 15 cm and 150 cm stem height, respectively. The peak isotopic signature in the tree xylem due to the label application was similar to the isotopic signature of the soil in 30 cm (for <em>Alnus</em>) and 15 cm (for <em>Pinus</em>). <em>Quercus</em> showed a delayed and much slower increase in the xylem isotopic signature in response to the label and the highest values were significantly lower than the corresponding soil isotopic signatures. Our methodological comparison showed that the isotopic signature of the destructive samples (from both methods) had a larger spread and this spread tended to become larger with subsequent labeling. Destructive soil samples showed a wider isotopic variation than destructive xylem samples. The in-situ isotope measurements in comparison showed a relative constant small to medium spread for soil and xylem isotopic measurements. Our in-situ isotope probes therefore seem to be a potential alternative or supplement to destructive sampling offering much higher temporal resolution. The continuation of the labeling experiments in 2020 will allow us to further study tree-species specific water uptake strategies, which will become important under future climatic conditions in terms of development of adaptation strategies for sustainable forest management.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonal, medium-term and daily patterns of tree diameter growth in response to climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Sonja Vospernik ◽  
Arne Nothdurft ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Daily Cycles ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Tree growth is expected to be responsive to climatic drivers across a spectrum of temporal scales, ranging from yearly growth to daily water use and photosynthesis. Automatic dendrometers offer the potential to provide continuous high-resolution measurements of tree radius changes. The signal recorded contains three components: (1) a long-term seasonal growth component, (2) a mid-term component representing swelling after rainfall and subsequent drying and (3) daily cycles of water-uptake related to tree transpiration. For 91 trees at 4 sites (Picea abies: 58, Pinus cembra: 17, Fagus sylvatica: 14, Pinus sylvestris: 2) monitored in Austria between 2012 and 2015, we simultaneously modelled these three processes using a hierarchical nonlinear mixed-effects model represented by two logistic growth curves. The focus was on the mid-term and daily component, and therefore long-term growth that is typically modelled by including tree size, competition or site variables was represented by random effects only. Both mid-term and short-term components were species-specific. In general, P. cembra and F. sylvatica were less sensitive to climate variables than P. abies. For all species, the mid-term component was best represented using a 14-day moving average difference between rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, a 24-h moving average of precipitation and its 1–3 days lags, a 24-h moving average temperature and its 1–3 days lags. The daily cycles of water uptake were best related to hourly humidity and its 3-h lag, and interactions with the 14-day moving average difference between rainfall and potential evapotranspiration accounted for attenuating cycles after rainy events and increasing cycles in dry periods.

scholarly journals Interpreting species-specific variation in tree-ring oxygen isotope ratios among three temperate forest trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN SONG ◽  
KENNETH S. CLARK ◽  
BRENT R. HELLIKER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific
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