scholarly journals Metabarcoding the marine environment: from single species to biogeographic patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Gaither ◽  
Joseph D. DiBattista ◽  
Matthieu Leray ◽  
Sophie Heyden
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns

The Schizomida (Arachnida) of the Seychelle Islands

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns

The schizomid fauna of the Seychelles is reviewed and the following taxa are recognised: Apozomus gerlachi, sp. nov., Bamazomus aviculus, sp. nov., Mahezomus apicoporus, sp. nov., Anepsiozomus sobrinus, sp. nov., Ovozomus similis (Hirst), Secozomus latipes (Hansen) and Zomus bagnallii (Jackson). Four new genera are recognised, each represented by a single species: Mahezomus, gen. nov. (type species M. apicoporus, sp. nov.); Anepsiozomus, gen. nov. (type species A. sobrinus, sp. nov.); Ovozomus, gen. nov. (type species Schizomus similis Hirst); and Secozomus, gen. nov. (type species Schizomus latipes Hansen). Three species of Schizomus described from Madagascar are transferred to Bamazomus: B. madagassus (Lawrence), comb. nov., B. milloti (Lawrence), comb. nov. and B. vadoni (Lawrence), comb. nov. Problems in the systematics of the subfamily Hubbardiinae are explored, especially with regard to the high number of genera currently recognised. Biogeographic patterns of the arachnid fauna of the Seychelles are briefly explored, and a list of the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Schizomida and Palpigradi is included.

scholarly journals Biogeography of Amazonian fishes: deconstructing river basins as biogeographic units

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando C. P. Dagosta ◽  
Mário de Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

ABSTRACT Biogeography of Amazonian fishes (2,500 species in vastly disjunct lineages) is complex and has so far been approached only partially. Here, we tackle the problem on the basis of the largest database yet on geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationships of Amazonian fishes, including all information available. Distributions of 4,095 species (both Amazonian and outgroups) and 84 phylogenetic hypotheses (comprising 549 phylogenetically-informative nodes) were compiled, qualified and plotted onto 46 areas (29 Amazonian and 17 non-Amazonian). The database was analyzed with PAE, CADE, BPA and BPA0, yielding largely congruent results and indicating that biogeographic signal is detectable on multiple dimensions of fish distribution, from single species ranges to cladistic congruence. Agreement is especially pronounced in deeper components, such as Trans-Andean, Cis-Andean, Western Amazon and Orinoco basins. Results show that all major Amazonian tributaries, as well as the Amazon basin itself, are non-monophyletic and constitute hybrid sets of heterogeneous biotic partitions. Amazonian drainages should not be assumed a priori as historically cohesive areas, contrary to widespread practice. Our hypothesis allows re-evaluation of broader issues in historical biogeography, such as the predictive power of biogeographic hypotheses, the vicariant/dispersal duality, the significance of widely distributed taxa, and the need for temporal dimension in biogeographic patterns.

Salinity preferences and habitat partitioning between dominant mysids at the Río de la Plata estuary (Uruguay)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Calliari ◽  
Guillermo Cervetto ◽  
Rafael Castiglioni ◽  
Laura Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
La Plata

Mysids are common and abundant organisms in estuaries and coastal waters, where they have a central role in the functioning of food webs. The Río de la Plata (RdlP) is a major estuary that affects biogeographic patterns of marine coastal organisms in the south-west Atlantic, but studies of the plankton in the RdlP are scarce. Knowledge of the mysid fauna in particular is very limited with a single species (likely alien, Neomysis americana), traditionally known to inhabit this 38,000 km2 estuary, and a second one, Mysidopsis tortonesei, only recently reported. The purpose of this paper is to contribute with the knowledge of the mysid fauna of this ecosystem by exploring the spatial distribution and in situ salinity preferences of N. americana and M. tortonesei in the mixohaline region of the RdlP during austral autumn, 2001. Both species showed clear and contrasting haline affinities that resulted in an almost perfect spatial segregation within the study area. Neomysis americana occurred preferentially in oligo- and meso-haline conditions (range <1 to 33.37, but most abundant at salinities <28), while M. tortonesei occurred at salinities >28. Temperature range was quite narrow and it was unlikely that it affected mysid distribution in the estuary. Temporal variability in observed patterns, as well as the role of biological interactions in shaping spatial distribution of N. americana and M. tortonesei within the estuary are subjects that deserve further attention in future studies.

scholarly journals Whence Came These Plants Most Foul? Phylogenomics and Biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti A. Niissalo ◽  
Elliot M. Gardner ◽  
Gillian S. Khew ◽  
Otakar Šída ◽  
Axel Dalberg Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

Lowiaceae (order Zingiberales) is a small family of forest herbs in Southeast Asia. All species belong to the genus Orchidantha. They are known for possessing orchid-like flowers that are smelly, apparently mimicking dead animals, feces, or mushrooms. Little is known of the biogeographic patterns or character evolution of the family. We sampled the family extensively, including many recently discovered species, and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using HybSeq with Lowiaceae-specific RNA baits. Our phylogenetic reconstructions confirm that the family is most closely related to Strelitziaceae, and that species with dark, foul-smelling flowers form a grade in which a clade of species with paler flowers are embedded. The pale-flowered species produce a distinct odor, resembling edible mushrooms. Apart from a single species, the species from Borneo form a clade, and the same is true for Indochinese species. The remaining species form a more widespread clade. A biogeographic analysis shows that the distribution of Lowiaceae can explained by vicariance and gradual dispersal from a shared ancestral range of Borneo and Indochina. There is no evidence of long-distance dispersal, only a later extension in distribution to Peninsular Malaysia which coincides with the presence of a land bridge. Different directions of spread are possible, but none require long-distance dispersal. The results are consistent with the geological history of Southeast Asia. In particular, the relatively early isolation between Indochina and Borneo could be explained by the presence of a sea barrier that developed 10–15 MYA, and the continuous movement of plant species between Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia could be explained by a land bridge that existed until c. 5 MYA. The lack of an extensive land bridge with a suitable habitat may explain the absence of this genus from Sumatra and other Indonesian islands aside from Borneo. The strict reliance on a continuous habitat for the range expansion of Lowiaceae can be explained by their fruits and seeds, which lack obvious adaptations for long-distance dispersal. The inability to disperse to new areas may also explain why the extant species have very restricted distributions.

In vitro assembly of 2-D crystals from partially purified EA1 protein secreted by Bacillus anthracis strain Delta Sterne-1

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Downs ◽  
Wilson Ribot ◽  
Joseph W. Farchaus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
In Vitro Assembly ◽  
Covalently Linked

Many bacteria possess surface layers (S-layers) that consist of a two-dimensional protein lattice external to the cell envelope. These S-layer arrays are usually composed of a single species of protein or glycoprotein and are not covalently linked to the underlying cell wall. When removed from the cell, S-layer proteins often reassemble into a lattice identical to that found on the cell, even without supporting cell wall fragments. S-layers exist at the interface between the cell and its environment and probably serve as molecular sieves that exclude destructive macromolecules while allowing passage of small nutrients and secreted proteins. Some S-layers are refractory to ingestion by macrophages and, generally, bacteria are more virulent when S-layers are present.When grown in rich medium under aerobic conditions, B. anthracis strain Delta Sterne-1 secretes large amounts of a proteinaceous extractable antigen 1 (EA1) into the growth medium. Immunocytochemistry with rabbit polyclonal anti-EAl antibody made against the secreted protein and gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG showed that EAI was localized at the cell surface (fig 1), which suggests its role as an S-layer protein.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

A STUDY ON ICHTHYO-DIVERSITY OF MUNTJIBPUR POND OF ALLAHABAD (U.P.) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK KUMAR VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
One Year

An attempt was made to find the ichthyo-diversity of Muntjibpur pond of Allahabad. Systematic surveys were conducted during a period of one year. A total of 13 species of fishes belonging to 12 genera, 8 families and 5 orders were identified. Siluriformes order is represented by 5 genera and 5 species while Cypriniformes order by 4 genera and 5 species. Each of the orders Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Ophiocephaliformes is represented by single genus and single species.

Fine-scale taxonomic and temporal variability in the energy density of invertebrate prey of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
J Weil ◽  
WDP Duguid ◽  
F Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Variation in the energy content of prey can drive the diet choice, growth and ultimate survival of consumers. In Pacific salmon species, obtaining sufficient energy for rapid growth during early marine residence is hypothesized to reduce the risk of size-selective mortality. In order to determine the energetic benefit of feeding choices for individuals, accurate estimates of energy density (ED) across prey groups are required. Frequently, a single species is assumed to be representative of a larger taxonomic group or related species. Further, single-point estimates are often assumed to be representative of a group across seasons, despite temporal variability. To test the validity of these practices, we sampled zooplankton prey of juvenile Chinook salmon to investigate fine-scale taxonomic and temporal differences in ED. Using a recently developed model to estimate the ED of organisms using percent ash-free dry weight, we compared energy content of several groups that are typically grouped together in growth studies. Decapod megalopae were more energy rich than zoeae and showed family-level variability in ED. Amphipods showed significant species-level variability in ED. Temporal differences were observed, but patterns were not consistent among groups. Bioenergetic model simulations showed that growth rate of juvenile Chinook salmon was almost identical when prey ED values were calculated on a fine scale or on a taxon-averaged coarse scale. However, single-species representative calculations of prey ED yielded highly variable output in growth depending on the representative species used. These results suggest that the latter approach may yield significantly biased results.

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