The recent emergence of Arctic Amplification

When an energetic ion penetrates through an interface between a thin film (of species A) and a substrate (of species B), ion induced atomic mixing may result in an intermixed region (which contains A and B) near the interface. Most ion beam mixing experiments have been directed toward metal-silicon systems, silicide phases are generally obtained, and they are the same as those formed by thermal treatment.Recent emergence of silicide compound as contact material in silicon microelectronic devices is mainly due to the superiority of the silicide-silicon interface in terms of uniformity and thermal stability. It is of great interest to understand the kinetics of the interfacial reactions to provide insights into the nature of ion beam-solid interactions as well as to explore its practical applications in device technology.About 500 Å thick molybdenum was chemical vapor deposited in hydrogen ambient on (001) n-type silicon wafer with substrate temperature maintained at 650-700°C. Samples were supplied by D. M. Brown of General Electric Research & Development Laboratory, Schenectady, NY.

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Bacterial detection and differentiation via direct volatile organic compound sensing with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

10.26434/chemrxiv.5393281 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Caitlin S. DeJong ◽

David I. Wang ◽

Aleksandr Polyakov ◽

Anita Rogacs ◽

Steven J. Simske ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

E Coli ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman

Through the direct detection of bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs), via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), we report here a reconfigurable assay for the identification and monitoring of bacteria. We demonstrate differentiation between highly clinically relevant organisms: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens. This is the first differentiation of bacteria via SERS of bacterial VOC signatures. The assay also detected as few as 10 CFU/ml of E. coli in under 12 hrs, and detected E. coli from whole human blood and human urine in 16 hrs at clinically relevant concentrations of 103 CFU/ml and 104 CFU/ml, respectively. In addition, the recent emergence of portable Raman spectrometers uniquely allows SERS to bring VOC detection to point-of-care settings for diagnosing bacterial infections.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fusion of two divergent fungal individuals led to the recent emergence of a unique widespread pathogen species.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718007532.793476097 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Marie Desnos-Ollivier

Keyword(s):

Recent Emergence

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CRYOSURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BONE TUMORS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-2-165-171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 165-171

Author(s):

Aleksey Belyaev ◽

Georgiy Prokhorov ◽

Anna Arkhitskaya

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Bone Tumors ◽

Cryogenic Treatment ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Giant Cell Tumors ◽

Primary Bone Tumors ◽

Circulation Circuit ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Primary Bone

A review of the literature shows that surgical procedures will remain the standard treatment for primary bone tumors. Analysis of studies on the assessment of long-term results shows that additional double cryogenic treatment of the curettage cavity can improve the treatment outcomes of patients with giant cell tumors, dysplastic diseases and some forms of malignant lesions. The traditional execution of the procedure is associated with the open installation of liquid nitrogen in the bone cavity, which requires special skills in handling aggressive refrigerant from the staff and does not exclude complications. In case of multiple metastatic bone lesions, surgical treatment is not indicated. The recent emergence in clinical practice of new equipment with a closed liquid nitrogen circulation circuit inside cryoprobes resumes interest in cryoabla-tion of bone tumor lesions using modern minimally invasive puncture cryotechnology and expanding indications for its use in patients with severe comorbidities.

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Coronavirus: history, genome structure and pathogenesis

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999200918160354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Poonam B ◽

Prabhjot Kaur Gill

Keyword(s):

Genome Structure ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Replication Process ◽

Virus Family ◽

Enveloped Virus ◽

Target Organs ◽

Transcription Process ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

The Family ◽

Discontinuous Transcription

Background: The positive sense and inordinate large RNA genome are enclosed by helical nuceocapsids along with an outermost layer belongs to the family Coronaviridae. The phylogenetic tree of this family has been quartered into Class1 as alpha, Class 2 as beta, Class 3 as gamma and Class 4 as delta CoV. The mammalian respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the main target organs of this enveloped virus with misperceived mechanisms. The relevance of this virus family has considerably increased by the dint of recent emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), which are caused by viruses belonging to the beta-CoV group. Aim: Aforesaid illustrations of emergence of coronavirus diseases over the past two decades, SARS (2002 and 2003) and MERS (2012 to present) - the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has pressurized the WHO to take innovative measures for public health, research and medical communities. The aim of the present review is to have proficiency in coronavirus replication and transcription process which is still in its infancy. Conclusion: An outcome of epidemics, it is being recognized as one of the most advancing viruses by the virtue of high genomic nucleotide substitution rates and recombination. The hallmark of coronavirus replication is discontinuous transcription resulting in the production of multiple subgenomic mRNAs having sequences complementary to both ends of the genome. Therefore, complete genome sequence of coronavirus will be used as frame of reference for knowing this classical phenomenon of RNA replication process. Finally, research on the pathogenesis of coronaviruses and the host immunopathological response will aid in designing vaccines and minimizing mortality rate.

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Who is Rational?

10.1093/oso/9780198797562.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Ben Prestel

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

Lower Class ◽

Urban Change ◽

Social Formation ◽

Court Records ◽

Local Newspapers ◽

Dynamic Transformation ◽

The Social ◽

Recent Emergence

Beginning around 1860, authors in the Egyptian capital portrayed Cairo’s changing cityscape and the recent emergence of local newspapers in terms of their impact on rationality (‘aql). In their descriptions, these contemporaries depicted rationality as an education of the heart that especially enabled men from the middle class to control their bodies and passions. The chapter shows that Cairo’s transformation was, however, not always associated with rising rationality by drawing on a different set of sources. Police and court records from the 1860s and 1870s demonstrate that contemporaries also described processes of urban change as a danger to the “honor” of lower-class women. Like the debates in Berlin, emotional practices in Cairo thus served as a way to address the social formation of the Egyptian capital during a time of dynamic transformation.

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CAS FGOALS-f3-L Large-ensemble Simulations for the CMIP6 Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00376-021-0343-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bian He ◽

Xiaoqi Zhang ◽

Anmin Duan ◽

Qing Bao ◽

Yimin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Lag ◽

The Arctic ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Arctic Amplification ◽

Model Intercomparison ◽

Large Ensemble ◽

Sea Ice Concentration ◽

Ensemble Simulations ◽

Polar Amplification ◽

Intercomparison Project

AbstractLarge-ensemble simulations of the atmosphere-only time-slice experiments for the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) were carried out by the model group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS-f3-L). Eight groups of experiments forced by different combinations of the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) for pre-industrial, present-day, and future conditions were performed and published. The time-lag method was used to generate the 100 ensemble members, with each member integrating from 1 April 2000 to 30 June 2001 and the first two months as the spin-up period. The basic model responses of the surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation were documented. The results indicate that Arctic amplification is mainly caused by Arctic SIC forcing changes. The SAT responses to the Arctic SIC decrease alone show an obvious increase over high latitudes, which is similar to the results from the combined forcing of SST and SIC. However, the change in global precipitation is dominated by the changes in the global SST rather than SIC, partly because tropical precipitation is mainly driven by local SST changes. The uncertainty of the model responses was also investigated through the analysis of the large-ensemble members. The relative roles of SST and SIC, together with their combined influence on Arctic amplification, are also discussed. All of these model datasets will contribute to PAMIP multi-model analysis and improve the understanding of polar amplification.

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Gay Male Football Fans’ Experiences: Authenticity, Belonging and Conditional Acceptance

Sociology ◽

10.1177/0038038521994012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003803852199401

Author(s):

Rory Magrath

Keyword(s):

Sexual Minority ◽

Sense Of Belonging ◽

Future Research ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Gay Male ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Football Fans ◽

Conditional Acceptance ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between English football and homosexuality has changed significantly in recent years. However, research examining this area of study has predominantly focused on the attitudes of ostensibly heterosexual men. By drawing on semi-structured interviews with 35 ‘out’ gay male fans, this article is the first to focus explicitly on LGBT fans’ sense of place in English football. Contrary to previous research, these gay male fans represent ‘authentic’ notions of fandom through their passion for football and respective clubs. The recent emergence of LGBT Fan Groups has provided sexual minority fans increased visibility, and a sense of belonging and community. Finally, despite ongoing concerns about football stadia’s hypermasculine and heteronormative environment, these fans believe that they have become an increasingly inclusive space. Accordingly, this article demonstrates that sexual minority fans are central to English football and argues that future research must acknowledge their increased prevalence.

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The role of the registered nurse first assistant within the perioperative setting

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2021.30.3.148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 148-153

Author(s):

Roland Pika ◽

Brid O'Brien ◽

Jill Murphy ◽

Kathleen Markey ◽

Claire O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Registered Nurse ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Nursing Role ◽

Perioperative Nursing ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Provision Of Care

Perioperative setting registered nurse first assistants (RNFAs) are described as non-medical practitioners who perform surgical interventions during surgery. They provide medical care to perioperative patients under the supervision of a consultant surgeon. First assistants in surgery can be an expanded perioperative nursing role. A review of the literature illuminates the need for continuous learning in developing skills in becoming competent RNFA practitioners and how they utilise acquired skills to assist, mentor and teach their colleagues within the perioperative setting. The RNFA is an advanced and expanded practice role. RNFAs contribute significantly to the provision of care within all phases of perioperative care (preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative). There is little literature on the role of the RNFA due to its relatively recent emergence in the healthcare sector and the small number of countries where it is implemented.

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