Influence of Solar Activity and Large-scale Climate Phenomena on Extreme Climate and Hydrological Events in an Arid-Semiarid Region of China

The nonhydrostatic model of the global neutral wind system of the earth’s atmosphere, developed earlier in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is utilized to investigate how solar activity affects the formation of the large-scale global circulation of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The peculiarity of the utilized model consists in that the internal energy equation for the neutral gas is not solved in the model calculations. Instead, the global temperature field is assumed to be a given distribution, that is, the input parameter of the model. Moreover, in the model calculations, not only the horizontal components but also the vertical component of the neutral wind velocity is obtained by means of a numerical solution of a generalized Navier-Stokes equation for compressible gas, so the hydrostatic equation is not applied. The simulation results indicate that solar activity ought to influence considerably on the formation of global neutral wind system in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The influence is conditioned by the vertical transport of air from the lower thermosphere to the mesosphere and stratosphere. This transport may be rather different under distinct solar activity conditions.

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Construction of a century solar chromosphere data set for solar activity related research

Solar-Terrestrial Physics ◽

10.12737/stp-3220171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

Линь Ганхуа ◽

Lin Ganghua ◽

Ван Сяо-Фань ◽

Wang Xiao Fan ◽

Ян Сяо ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Solar Activity ◽

Space Weather ◽

Large Scale ◽

Abnormal Behavior ◽

Solar Chromosphere ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Data Set ◽

Related Research ◽

Data Mining Algorithms

This article introduces our ongoing project “Construction of a Century Solar Chromosphere Data Set for Solar Activity Related Research”. Solar activities are the major sources of space weather that affects human lives. Some of the serious space weather consequences, for instance, include interruption of space communication and navigation, compromising the safety of astronauts and satellites, and damaging power grids. Therefore, the solar activity research has both scientific and social impacts. The major database is built up from digitized and standardized film data obtained by several observatories around the world and covers a timespan more than 100 years. After careful calibration, we will develop feature extraction and data mining tools and provide them together with the comprehensive database for the astronomical community. Our final goal is to address several physical issues: filament behavior in solar cycles, abnormal behavior of solar cycle 24, large-scale solar eruptions, and sympathetic remote brightenings. Significant progresses are expected in data mining algorithms and software development, which will benefit the scientific analysis and eventually advance our understanding of solar cycles.

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Large-Scale Organization of Solar Activity in Time and Space

Solar Activity Observations and Predictions ◽

10.2514/5.9781600865046.0019.0031 ◽

1972 ◽

pp. 19-31

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Time And Space

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Hurricane effects on Neotropical lizards span geographic and phylogenetic scales

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2000801117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (19) ◽

pp. 10429-10434 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Colin M. Donihue ◽

Alex M. Kowaleski ◽

Jonathan B. Losos ◽

Adam C. Algar ◽

Simon Baeckens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Biodiversity Patterns ◽

Island Populations ◽

Extreme Climate Events ◽

Extreme Climate ◽

Hurricane Effects ◽

Selective Forces ◽

Hurricane Activity ◽

Climate Events ◽

Two Populations

Extreme climate events such as droughts, cold snaps, and hurricanes can be powerful agents of natural selection, producing acute selective pressures very different from the everyday pressures acting on organisms. However, it remains unknown whether these infrequent but severe disruptions are quickly erased by quotidian selective forces, or whether they have the potential to durably shape biodiversity patterns across regions and clades. Here, we show that hurricanes have enduring evolutionary impacts on the morphology of anoles, a diverse Neotropical lizard clade. We first demonstrate a transgenerational effect of extreme selection on toepad area for two populations struck by hurricanes in 2017. Given this short-term effect of hurricanes, we then asked whether populations and species that more frequently experienced hurricanes have larger toepads. Using 70 y of historical hurricane data, we demonstrate that, indeed, toepad area positively correlates with hurricane activity for both 12 island populations of Anolis sagrei and 188 Anolis species throughout the Neotropics. Extreme climate events are intensifying due to climate change and may represent overlooked drivers of biogeographic and large-scale biodiversity patterns.

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About the Relation Between the Limb Effect of the Redshift on the Sun and the Large-Scale Distribution of Solar activity

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900008111 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

P. Ambrož

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Solar Activity ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽

Large Scale ◽

The Sun ◽

Limb Effect

The measurement of the magnitude of the limb effect was homogenized in time and a recurrent period of maxima of 27.8 days was found. A relation was found between the maximum values of the limb effect of the redshift, the boundaries of polarities of the interplanetary magnetic field, the characteristic large-scale distribution of the background magnetic fields and the complex of solar activity.

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Contrasting Performance of the Remotely-Derived GPP Products over Different Climate Zones across China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11161855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 1855 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yanan Chen ◽

Hongfan Gu ◽

Munan Wang ◽

Qing Gu ◽

Zhi Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Southern China ◽

Gross Primary Production ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Northern China ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Interannual Variations ◽

Climate Zones

Precise quantification of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) has been recognized as one of the most important components in understanding the carbon balance between the biosphere and the atmosphere. In recent years, although many large-scale GPP estimates from satellite data and ecosystem models have been generated, few attempts have been made to compare the different GPP products at national scales, particularly for various climate zones. In this study, two of the most widely-used GPP datasets were systematically compared over the eight climate zones across China’s terrestrial ecosystems from 2001 to 2015, which included the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP and the breathing Earth system simulator (BESS) GPP products. Additionally, the coarse (0.05o) GPP estimates from the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) at the same time scale were used for auxiliary analysis with the two products. Both MODIS and BESS products exhibited a decreasing trend from the southeast region to the northwest inland. The largest GPP was found in the tropical humid region with 5.49 g C m−2 d−1 and 5.07 g C m−2 d−1 for MODIS and BESS, respectively, while the lowest GPP was distributed in the warm temperate arid region, midtemperate semiarid region and plateau zone. Meanwhile, the work confirmed that all these GPP products showed apparent seasonality with the peaks in the summertime. However, large differences were found in the interannual variations across the three GPP products over different climate regions. Generally, the BESS GPP agreed better than the MODIS GPP when compared to the seasonal and interannual variations of VPM GPP. Furthermore, the spatial correlation analysis between terrestrial GPP and the climatic factors, including temperature and precipitation, indicated that natural rainfall dominated the variability in GPP of Northern China, such as the midtemperate semiarid region, while temperature was a key controlling factor in the Southern China and the Tibet Plateau area.

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Large Scale TIDs climatology over Europe using HF Interferometry method

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7842 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Estefania Blanch ◽

Antoni Segarra ◽

David Altadill ◽

Vadym Paznukhov ◽

Jose Miguel Juan

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Propagation Velocity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Data ◽

Density Fluctuations ◽

Night Time ◽

Wide Range ◽

Propagation Parameters ◽

The Difference ◽

Sporadic E

Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) are ionospheric irregularities that occur as plasma density fluctuations that propagate as waves through the ionosphere over a wide range of velocities and frequencies. It has been demonstrated that Large Scale TIDs (LSTID) can be detected with several ionospheric sensors such as ionosondes and their main characteristics such as velocity, direction of propagation and amplitude can be inferred.We have applied the recent developed HF Interferometry (HF-Int) method to detect the occurrence and main characteristics of LSTIDs over Europe for different solar activities (2014 &#8211; 2019) in order to perform a climatological analysis. HF-Int determines the dominant period of oscillation and the amplitude of the LSTIDs using spectral analysis, and estimates the propagation parameters of the LSTIDs from the measured time delays of the disturbance detected at different sensor sites.The results show that larger diurnal and seasonal occurrence of LSTID happens near sunrise hours and night-time, especially during equinox. In the morning sector, prevailing velocity propagation is westward influenced by the solar terminator effect and it also depends on the season: during winter the dominant propagation velocity is north-westward and during summer is south-westward. In the evening and night sector, the prevailing propagation velocity is southward suggesting auroral origin of the disturbance. The higher activity at night-time might be the result that neutral winds favour equatorward propagation at night whereas at day might prevent to propagate to low latitudes.Similar behaviour has been found for high and low solar activity with the difference that during summer at low solar activity, large occurrence of sporadic E layer happens during day time. Then, ionospheric data experience large data gaps at the F region because of screening of the Es (Es Blanketing effect). This results in a poor statistic under such a conditions for daytime summer low solar activity and the number of detected LSTID is lower.

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Optical observations of large-scale undulations in the 23rd cycle of solar activity

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy ◽

10.1134/s0016793212020028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 197-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. G. Baishev ◽

E. S. Barkova ◽

K. Yumoto

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Optical Observations ◽

23Rd Cycle

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An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13183576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 3576

Author(s):

Si Xiong ◽

Fei Guo ◽

Qingzhi Zhao ◽

Liangke Huang ◽

Lin He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Precipitable Water Vapor ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Extreme Climate

Zhejiang province in China experienced an extreme climate phenomenon in August 2014 with temperature rises, sunshine duration decreases, and precipitation increases, particularly, the successive heavy rainfall events occurring from 16 to 20 August 2014 that contributed to this climate anomaly. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with this phenomenon. Multiple sources of PWV values derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Radiosonde (RS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data are used with different spatiotemporal resolutions. The monthly averaged PWV in August 2014 exceeded the 95% percentiles of climatological value (53 mm) while the monthly averaged temperature was less than the 5% percentiles of climatological value (26.6 °C). Before the extreme precipitation, the PWV increased from the yearly averaged value of about 35 mm to more than 60 mm and gradually returned to the August climatological average of 50 mm after the precipitation ended. A large-scale atmospheric water vapor was partially conveyed by the warm wet air current of anticyclones which originated over the South China Sea (25° N, 130° E) and the Western Pacific Ocean. The monthly NDVI variation over the past 34 years (1982–2015) was investigated in this paper and the significant impact of extreme climate on vegetation growth in August 2014 was found. The extreme negative temperature anomaly and positive PWV anomaly are the major climate-driven factors affecting vegetation growth in the north and south of Zhejiang province with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.72, respectively, while the extreme precipitation does not show any apparent impact on NDVI.

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Patterns of extreme weather associated with observed and proxy River Ammer flood records

10.5194/cp-2017-137 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norel Rimbu ◽

Monica Ionita ◽

Markus Czymzik ◽

Achim Brauer ◽

Gerrit Lohmann

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Western Europe ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Flood Frequency ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Blocking High ◽

Northeastern Europe

Abstract. We investigate the relationship between the variability in the frequency of River Ammer floods (southern Germany) and temperature/precipitation extremes over Europe using observational River Ammer discharge data back to 1926 and the 5500-year-long flood layer record from varved Lake Ammersee sediments. We show that observed River Ammer flood frequency variability is not only related with local extreme precipitation, but also with large-scale temperature extreme anomalies. Less (more) extreme high temperatures over central and western (northeastern) Europe are recorded during periods of increased River Ammer flood frequency. We argue that changing radiative forcing due to cloudiness anomaly patterns associated with River Ammer floods induce these extreme temperature anomalies. Consistent patterns are obtained using observed discharge and proxy flood layer frequency data. Furthermore, a higher frequency of observed River Ammer floods and flood layers is associated with enhanced blocking activity over northeastern Europe. A blocking high over this region increases the probability of wave breaking and associated heavy precipitation over western Europe. A similar blocking pattern is associated with periods of reduced solar activity. Consequently, solar modulated changes in blocking frequency over northeastern Europe could explain the connection between River Ammer floods and solar activity, as also identified in previous studies. We argue that multi-decadal to millennial flood frequency variations in the Mid- to Late Holocene flood layer record from Lake Ammersee characterizes also the extreme temperatures in northeastern Europe.

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