Trends in suicide rates of the elderly in Austria, 1970–2004: an analysis of changes in terms of age groups, suicide methods and gender

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor D. Kapusta ◽  
Elmar Etzersdorfer ◽  
Gernot Sonneck
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
And Gender

Comparative Epidemiology of Suicide in South Korea and Japan: Effects of Age, Gender and Suicide Methods

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Yi Kim ◽  
Myoung-Hee Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Youngtae Cho
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality in both South Korea and Japan. Aims: The study aims to compare the descriptive epidemiology of suicide over the last two decades (1985–2006) and to explore the conditions associated with the different distribution of suicides in both countries. Methods: Age-standardized suicide rates were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2009. Age-specific suicide rates for the age groups were calculated from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide methods were identified based on ICD-10. Results: Through 1980–2000, Japan showed consistently higher suicide rates compared to Korea. However, from the mid-1990s, Korea showed an acute increase of suicides and finally surpassed Japan; the age-standardized suicide rate of Korea increased from 10.2 (per 100,000) in 1985 to 21.5 in 2006, while it slightly increased from 18.4 to 19.1 in Japan. The highest age-specific suicide rate was observed among Japanese men aged 45–64 years and Korean men aged over 64 years. The increase of elderly suicides among Korean women was notable. The gender ratio increased in Japan and decreased in Korea, respectively. The preferred suicide methods were hanging and pesticide poisoning in Korea and hanging in Japan. Because of the limited number of observations, hypothesis testing of specific risk factors was not possible. Conclusions: Age and gender distribution of suicide rates differed considerably between the two countries. Welfare protection throughout the life course in both countries, and pesticide regulation in Korea would be helpful in reducing the burden of suicide mortality in both countries, even if the social values could not be changed in a short time.

scholarly journals Absence of age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of a single 500-milligram oral dose of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Chien ◽  
A T Chow ◽  
J Natarajan ◽  
R R Williams ◽  
F A Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
And Gender

The influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in healthy subjects receiving a single oral 500-mg dose of levofloxacin was investigated in this parallel design study. Six young males (aged 18 to 40 years), six elderly males (aged > or = 65 years), six young females (aged 18 to 40 years), and six elderly females (aged > or = 65 years) were enrolled and completed the study. The study reveals that the bioavailability (rate and extent) of levofloxacin was not affected by either age or gender. In both age (young and elderly) and gender (male and female) groups of subjects, peak concentrations in plasma were reached at approximately 1.5 h after dosing; renal clearance of levofloxacin accounted for approximately 77% of total body clearance, and approximately 76% of the administered dose was recovered unchanged in urine over the 36 h of collection. The apparent differences in the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters for levofloxacin between the age groups (young versus elderly) and between the gender groups (males versus females) could be explained by differences in renal function among the subjects. A single dose of 500 mg of levofloxacin administered orally to both young and old, male and female healthy subjects was found to be safe and well tolerated. As the differences in levofloxacin kinetics between the young and the elderly or the males and the females are limited and are mainly related to the renal function of the subjects, dose adjustment based on age or gender alone is not necessary.

Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicide Methods and Their Relation to Suicide Rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cibis ◽  
A. Bramesfeld ◽  
R. Mergl ◽  
D. Althaus ◽  
G. Niklewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Gender Specific

Aims:For developing suicide prevention interventions, epidemiologic, socio-economic and demographic factors influencing suicide rates are of high interest. One considerable factor in this respect is gender, as in most countries male suicide rates are much higher than female suicide rates with a global average male/female ratio of 3.6:1. The present study seeks to contribute to the clarification of the question what underlies the different suicide rates of men and women by analyzing gender-specific lethality of suicide methods.Method:Data on completed (fatal) and attempted (non-fatal) suicides from 2000 to 2004 were collected in two cities in the region of Bavaria, Germany. This data sample offers the opportunity to compare data of suicidal acts including completed as well as attempted suicides of the same region during the same time. The lethality for each suicide method was estimated by dividing the number of fatal episodes by the total episodes and then related to gender and age.Results:Lethality per method was higher for men than for women; significant differences could be shown for the majority of methods. Regarding age, lethality rising with age could be shown. Still, in higher age groups, differences in lethality between men and women were significant.Conclusion:Results stress the importance of gender-specific suicide prevention. Male-specific suicide-prevention should be concerned with improving access to and treatment of men under risk for suicidal behaviour. Addressing the problem through multifaceted programs therefore is a promising approach.

Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Suicide in Elderly Populations in British Columbia: An 11-Year Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Oluwafemi Agbayewa ◽  
Stephen A Marion ◽  
Sandi Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
And Migration

Objective: The effects of socioeconomic factors on suicide rates in the general population are widely documented. Few of these reports have specifically studied the effects of socioeconomic variables on suicide rates in the elderly population. Elderly persons have the highest suicide rates of any age-group. This group is different from the rest of the population insofar as suicide is concerned. For example, since most elderly persons are no longer in the labour force, it would be expected that they would be affected differently by economic factors such as unemployment. We report the findings of an ecological study of old-age suicide in British Columbia over an 11-year period. Methods: We obtained information on all suicide counts (International Classification of Diseases [ICD-9] codes E590–959) recorded in the 21 health units of British Columbia over the 11-year period from October 1, 1981, to September 30, 1991, from the Division of Vital Statistics of the Province of British Columbia and Statistics Canada. Social, economic, and demographic information for the health units was obtained from census data and included the number of persons per household, proportion of the population that lived in 1-person households, immigration and migration rates for each region, proportion of the population with less than grade 9 education, proportion with less than grade 12 certification, marital status rates, unemployment rates by gender, average household income, average census family income, and labour-force participation rate by gender. We calculated overall and gender-specific suicide rates for elderly persons (65 years and older) and younger populations. Using Poisson regression analyses, we determined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relative risks associated with the socioeconomic variables for the units, and we also examined trends in suicide rates. Results: There were 4630 suicides in the 11-year period. The mean suicide rate (per 100 000 population) for those over age 9 years was 18.6 (between health unit SD 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.0–20.2). The elderly have a higher suicide rate in every region. The male suicide rates (mean = 26.9, SD 6.4, 95% CI = 24.0–30.0) are higher than female rates (mean = 7.5, SD 1.7, 95% CI = 6.8–8.3) in every region. The factors influencing suicides were different for elderly males and elderly females. In all analyses, suicide rates in elderly females remained essentially stable across age-groups and units and over the years. Elderly male suicide rates varied across units and age-groups and over the years. Conclusions: Suicide rates are highest in males over age 74 years. There are regional differences in elderly suicide rates and the factors that influence them. Longitudinal and cross-sectional risk factors differ, and there are gender differences in the risk factors. For both elderly males and females, suicide rates appear to be influenced by social factors in the population as a whole, not just in the elderly population. Male and female employment patterns are associated with elderly male suicide rates, even though the latter are not in the labour force. For suicide in elderly women the important factors are population education, income, and migration levels.

A Contrastive Study of Service Staff's Responses to Requests in Dunhuang and Lanzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Si Liu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
And Gender

Contrastive studies conducted from the perspective of variation pragmatics between two cities in northwestern China were rarely seen in studying requests and its responses. This study focuses on the politeness strategies employed in responses to the speech act of request in the service industry of Lanzhou and Dunhuang, aiming to provide useful indications from the perspective of speakers’ politeness perception and practice. By a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this study attempted to explore how the two influencing factors-age and gender-impact on the responses of Lanzhou and Dunhuang service staff to customers’ requests. This study found significant differences between different gender and age groups. Both Dunhuang and Lanzhou service staff were politer to males than females; young customers tended to receive more politer responses than the elderly. Moreover, service staff of Dunhuang tended to be politer when responding to requests than those of Lanzhou.

Age and Gender Distributions of Pedestrian Accidents across the Life-Span

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1680-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
And Gender

Causes of pedestrian accidents ( N = 534) were investigated for patients treated for injuries at the emergency unit of a hospital. Accidents in collisions with motor vehicles were the main cause (87.8%). Young children (0–9 years old) and the elderly (above 60 years of age) are the most vulnerable in terms of mortality rates observed in these age groups. Preponderance of males in pedestrian accidents was observed in the accident categories of collisions with motor vehicle and bicycle, whereas a slight preponderance of females was found in collisions with other traffic. The predominant age groups were located in the range from 0 through 19 years.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Trends in Morbidity and Disability Among Older Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States, 1993–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Garcia ◽  
Adriana M. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reduced Activity

This study examines the prevalence of morbidity and disability among older Mexican Americans using 5-year age groups. Twenty-year panel data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly are used to make detailed comparisons by nativity and gender. Results show that prevalence rates for most chronic conditions for both males and females do not vary by nativity. For disabilities, nativity is a significant predictor of increased instrumental activity of daily living disability for foreign-born females and reduced activity of daily living disability for U.S.-born males. Additionally, results show significant interactions between nativity and age cohorts, with the gap increasing with age for males and decreasing with age for females. These results have important implications for health services and health policy. Given the rapid aging of the Mexican American population, the prevention and treatment of medical conditions, particularly among the foreign-born, should be a major public health priority to reduce dependence from disabilities.

Depressive morbidity and gender in community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barcelos-Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Izbicki ◽  
David C. Steffens ◽  
Cássio M. C. Bottino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTBackground: Although studies indicate that community-dwelling elderly have a lower prevalence of major depression compared with younger age groups, prevalence estimates in Brazil show that clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS) and depression are frequent in the older population. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of and factors associated with depressive disorders and symptoms in elderly Brazilians has not previously been reported. The aims were (i) to perform a survey of studies dating from 1991 to 2009 on the prevalence of depressive disorders and CSDS in elderly Brazilians residing in the community; (ii) to determine depression prevalence and identify associated factors; and (iii) develop a meta-analysis to indicate the combined prevalence and the influence of gender on depressive morbidity in this population.Methods: Studies were selected from articles dated between January 1991 and May 2009, extracted from Medline, LILACS and SciELO databases.Results: A total of 17 studies were found, 13 with CSDS, 1 with major depression alone and 3 with major depression and dysthymia, involving the evaluation of 15,491 elderly people. The average age of participants varied between 66.5 and 84.0 years. Prevalence rates of 7.0% for major depression, 26.0% for CSDS, and 3.3% for dysthymia were found. The odds ratios for major depression and CSDS were greater among women. There was a significant association between major depression or CSDS and cardiovascular diseases.Conclusion: The review indicates greater prevalence of both major depression and CSDS compared to rates reported in the international literature, while the prevalence of dysthymia was found to be similar. The high prevalence of CSDS and its significant association with cardiovascular diseases reinforces the importance of evaluating subthreshold depressive symptoms in the elderly in the community.

The age and gender effect on the association of sleep insufficiency with hypertension among adults in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsiptsios ◽  
Anestis Matziridis ◽  
Andreas Ouranidis ◽  
Andreas S Triantafyllis ◽  
Aikaterini Terzoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep characteristics with hypertension using self-reported questionnaires. Material & methods: A total of 957 adults were classified into three groups (short [<6 h], normal [6–8 h] and long [>8 h] sleepers). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication at the time of interview. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.3%. Association between short sleep duration and hypertension that was age-specific, present only among younger and middle aged individuals and sparing the elderly, but not gender-specific, as no discrepancies existed between males and females in all age groups, was evident. Conclusion: This study promotes early pharmacological or cognitive behavioral interventions on sleep disturbances in order to reduce hypertension burden.

Age, period and cohort effects in firearm homicide and suicide in the USA, 1983–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043714
Author(s):  
Miriam J Haviland ◽  
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar ◽  
Frederick P Rivara
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundRates of firearm homicide and suicide have varied over time. These variations are due to a number of factors including temporal trends, age, birth year and gender. We sought to conduct an age–period–cohort analysis to understand the intersection of these factors with firearm homicide and suicide.MethodsWe used data on firearm homicide and suicide for the years 1983–2017 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System for this analysis. We restricted our analysis on firearm homicide to persons aged 10–44 years and our analysis on firearm suicide to persons aged 50–84 years, as these age groups are most at risk of each outcome. We calculated annual incidence rates for both outcomes per 100 000 population, overall and by gender.ResultsAcross all age groups, rates of firearm homicide increased dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The peak age for firearm homicide varied across cohorts, although it was generally between ages 15 and 29 years. Rates of firearm homicide were substantially higher among men than women, regardless of age, period or cohort. Firearm suicide rates varied significantly by gender. Among men, older cohorts had higher firearm suicide rates, although the rate of firearm suicide increased with age across all cohorts. Among women, firearm suicide rates were also highest among older cohorts; however, firearm suicide rates decreased or remained relatively constant with age.ConclusionThere are important differences in rates of firearm homicide and suicide with respect to gender, age, period and cohort.

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