Age, period and cohort effects in firearm homicide and suicide in the USA, 1983–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043714
Author(s):  
Miriam J Haviland ◽  
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar ◽  
Frederick P Rivara
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundRates of firearm homicide and suicide have varied over time. These variations are due to a number of factors including temporal trends, age, birth year and gender. We sought to conduct an age–period–cohort analysis to understand the intersection of these factors with firearm homicide and suicide.MethodsWe used data on firearm homicide and suicide for the years 1983–2017 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System for this analysis. We restricted our analysis on firearm homicide to persons aged 10–44 years and our analysis on firearm suicide to persons aged 50–84 years, as these age groups are most at risk of each outcome. We calculated annual incidence rates for both outcomes per 100 000 population, overall and by gender.ResultsAcross all age groups, rates of firearm homicide increased dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The peak age for firearm homicide varied across cohorts, although it was generally between ages 15 and 29 years. Rates of firearm homicide were substantially higher among men than women, regardless of age, period or cohort. Firearm suicide rates varied significantly by gender. Among men, older cohorts had higher firearm suicide rates, although the rate of firearm suicide increased with age across all cohorts. Among women, firearm suicide rates were also highest among older cohorts; however, firearm suicide rates decreased or remained relatively constant with age.ConclusionThere are important differences in rates of firearm homicide and suicide with respect to gender, age, period and cohort.

scholarly journals Incidence and Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulerative Colitis (2013–2017) Based on the Latvian Nationwide Medicines Reimbursement Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Irēna Mirzajanova ◽  
Santa Purviņa ◽  
Juris Pokrotnieks
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Reimbursement Database ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing–remitting, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which consists of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and undifferentiated IBD. Epidemiology of IBD is changing worldwide, but a significant gap remains in the description of the IBD population in Latvia. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and prevalence rates of IBD in Latvia in the period between 2013 and 2017. Retrospective analysis of reimbursed medicines claims for IBD diagnoses from the Latvian National Health Service database (NHS) was conducted for the period of 2012 to 2017. From CD patients, 53.7% were female and the area of residency strongly favoured urban areas vs rural districts of Latvia, 59.1% vs 40.9%, respectively. A similar demographic pattern was observed in UC patients, where 56.2% were female and 55.1% of the total UC population lived in urban areas. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates for CD and UC were 16.45 (CI95% [14.68, 18.21]) and 70.53 (CI95% [66.88, 74.19]) per 100 000 population, respectively, for the entire 2013–2017 period. The prevalence of CD and UC in 2012 was 12.4 and 54.8 cases per 100 000 persons, respectively, compared to 15.5 and 79.5 cases per 100 000 persons in CD and UC in 2017, resulting in a 25% increase in prevalence of CD and 41% increase in UC over the 5-year period. For the first time temporal trends in IBD incidence and prevalence as well as differences across age groups and gender over a five-year period are reported for Latvia.

scholarly journals Secular trends in the incidence and prevalence of gout in Denmark from 1995 to 2015: a nationwide register-based study

Rheumatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Zobbe ◽  
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra ◽  
René Cordtz ◽  
Pil Højgaard ◽  
Jens Skøt Hindrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Patient Registry ◽  
National Patient ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Objective To investigate temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of gout in the adult Danish population. Methods Using the nationwide Danish National Patient Registry, we calculated the number of incident gout patients (per 100 000 person-years) within each 1 year period from 1995 to 2015 and the prevalence of gout in 2000 and 2015. Further, we calculated age- and gender-specific incidence rates of gout from 1995 to 2015. Results We identified a total of 45 685 incident gout patients (72.9% males) with a mean age of 65 years (s.d. 16) at diagnosis. In both genders, an increase in age-standardized incidence rates was observed from 32.3/100 000 (95% CI 30.7, 33.9) in 1995 to 57.5/100 000 (95% CI 55.6, 59.5) in 2015 (P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed for 8950 cases diagnosed in rheumatology departments. We likewise observed an increase in the prevalence of gout from 0.29% (95% CI 0.29, 0.30) in 2000 to 0.68% (95% CI 0.68, 0.69) in 2015. Conclusions The annual incidence rate of gout increased by almost 80% in Denmark between 1995 and 2015. The prevalence increased by nearly 130% between 2000 and 2015. Reasons for this are unknown but may include an increase in risk factors (e.g. obesity, diabetes mellitus), longer life expectancy and increased awareness of the disease among patients and/or health professionals.

scholarly journals Suicide rates in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2006 to 2016: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangrong Fei ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Sequoia I Leuba ◽  
Yichong Li ◽  
Ruying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Urban Males ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Zhejiang Provincial ◽  
Gender Specific

BackgroundWe investigated the current temporal trends of suicide in Zhejiang, China, from 2006 to 2016 to determine possible health disparities in order to establish priorities for intervention.MethodsWe collected mortality surveillance data from 2006 to 2016 from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System from the Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. We estimated region-specific and gender-specific suicide rates using joinpoint regression analyses to determine the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% CI.ResultsThe crude suicide rate declined from 9.64 per 100 000 people in 2006 to 4.86 per 100 000 in 2016, and the age-adjusted suicide rate decreased from 9.74 per 100 000 in 2006 to 4.14 per 100 000 in 2016. During 2006–2013, rural males had the highest suicide rate, followed by rural females, urban males, and urban females, while after 2013, urban males suicide rates surpassed rural female suicide rates, and became the second highest suicide rate subgroup. The rate of suicide declined in all region-specific and/or gender-specific subgroups except among urban males between 20 and 34 years of age. Their age-adjusted suicide rate AAPC greatly increased to 28.39 starting in 2013 compared with an AAPC of −13.47 from 2006 to 2013.ConclusionsThe suicide rate among young urban males has been alarmingly increasing since 2013, and thus, researchers must develop targeted effective strategies to mitigate this escalating loss of life.

Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing.” Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. Findings Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photo-sharing activity on Facebook.

Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Demographics, Acute Care Resource Use and Mortality by Age and Sex in Ontario, Canada: Population-based Retrospective Cohort Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mac ◽  
Kali Barrett ◽  
Yasin A. Khan ◽  
David MJ Naimark ◽  
Laura Rosella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding resource use for COVID-19 is critical. We conducted a population-based cohort study using public health data to describe COVID-19 associated age- and sex-specific acute care use, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.MethodsWe used Ontario’s Case and Contact Management (CCM) Plus database of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in Ontario from March 1 to September 30, 2020 to determine age- and sex-specific hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use, LOS, and mortality. We stratified analyses by month of infection to study temporal trends and conducted subgroup analyses by long-term care residency.ResultsDuring the observation period, 56,476 COVID-19 cases were reported (72% < 60 years, 52% female). The proportion of cases shifted from older populations (> 60 years) to younger populations (10-39 years) over time. Overall, 10% of individuals were hospitalized, of those 22% were admitted to ICU, and 60% of those used IMV. Mean LOS for individuals in the ward, ICU without IMV, and ICU with IMV was 12.8, 8.5, 20.5 days, respectively. Mortality for individuals receiving care in the ward, ICU without IMV, and ICU with IMV was 24%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. All outcomes varied by age and decreased over time, overall and within age groups.InterpretationThis descriptive study shows acute care use and mortality varying by age, and decreasing between March and September in Ontario. Improvements in clinical practice and changing risk distributions among those infected may contribute to fewer severe outcomes among those infected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in incidence of hospital-treated self-harm among adolescents in Denmark: national register-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Steeg ◽  
Matthew J. Carr ◽  
Pearl L. H. Mok ◽  
Carsten B. Pedersen ◽  
Sussie Antonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Western European

Abstract Background Studies conducted in the UK and in Ireland have reported increased rates of self-harm in adolescent females from around the time of the 2008 economic recession and through periods of subsequent national austerity programme implementation. It is not known if incidence rates have increased similarly in other Western European countries during this period. Methods Data from interlinked national administrative registers were extracted for individuals born in Denmark during 1981–2006. We estimated gender- and age-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 10,000 person-years at risk for hospital-treated non-fatal self-harm during 2000–2016 at ages 10–19 years. Results Incidence of self-harm peaked in 2007 (IR 25.1) and then decreased consistently year on year to 13.8 in 2016. This pattern was found in all age groups, in both males and females and in each parental income tertile. During the last 6 years of the observation period, 2011–2016, girls aged 13–16 had the highest incidence rates whereas, among boys, incidence was highest among 17–19 year olds throughout. Conclusions The temporal increases in incidence rates of self-harm among adolescents observed in some Western European countries experiencing major economic recession were not observed in Denmark. Restrictions to sales of analgesics, access to dedicated suicide prevention clinics, higher levels of social spending and a stronger welfare system may have protected potentially vulnerable adolescents from the increases seen in other countries. A better understanding of the specific mechanisms behind the temporal patterns in self-harm incidence in Denmark is needed to help inform suicide prevention in other nations.

Sickness leave, administrative category and gender: results from the "Casa Gran' project

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (59_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Moncada ◽  
Albert Navarro ◽  
Imma Cortès ◽  
Emilia Molinero ◽  
Lucía Artazcoz
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
City Council ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the variations of sickness leave rates among the Barcelona city council civil servants by administrative category and gender Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort including all people who worked for more than six months for the City Council of Barcelona from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1993. The cohort was composed of 11,647 men and 9,001 women who contribute to a total of 134,928.7 person/years of follow-up. The study population was classified into administrative categories. Sickness leaves were classified into short episodes (less than 11 days) and long episodes (more than 10 days). Age-specifi c rates of long and short episodes of sickness leave were computed in a gender-specifi c analysis. Results : Among men, rate ratios of long spells increased constantly from the middle technician category to the unskilled worker category for the three oldest age groups. This social pattern was not as clear for younger workers. Among women, rate ratios of long spells showed far fewer differences than among men. The social gradient was evident for the three youngest age groups, with the exception of the unskilled workers. The oldest age group showed similar differences between all categories. Short spells followed a different pattern for men and women. Conclusions: Women had generally higher rates than men did, and manual categories had higher rates than non-manual ones, which was more evident for men and long episodes. The relationship between incidence rates and gender could be due to the different contents of the jobs performed by men and women, the infl uence of gender-based work segregation, and the unequal share of the reproductive workload between men and women, information which was not available for this study.

Time Trends in Ovarian Cancer Survival in Estonia by Age and Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Ojamaa ◽  
Piret Veerus ◽  
Aleksei Baburin ◽  
Hele Everaus ◽  
Kaire Innos
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine temporal trends in ovarian cancer (OC) survival in Estonia during 1995 to 2009 in relation to age and stage.Materials and MethodsEstonian Cancer Registry data on all adult cases of primary OC diagnosed during 1995 to 2009 and followed up for vital status until 2014 were used to estimate relative survival ratios (RSRs). Cohort analysis was used to estimate 1-, 2-, and 5-year RSRs for patients diagnosed in 1995 to 1999, 2000 to 2004, and 2005 to 2009. Analysis was performed by age at diagnosis (<50; 50–59; 60–69; 70+ years) and stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1988).ResultsAmong 2296 women included in the study, the age-adjusted 5-year RSR improved from 27% in 1995 to 1999 to 38% in 2005 to 2009. Survival increase of 10% units from 1995 to 1999 to 2005 to 2009 was seen for women aged 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Among younger and older women, the respective changes were smaller. In 1995 to 1999, the difference in survival between the youngest and oldest age groups was 41% units. This decreased over the study period to 37% units. From 1995 to 1999 to 2005 to 2009, the 5-year RSR increased from 82% to 91% for stage I patients; from 48% to 67% for stage II patients; from 25% to 35% for stage III patients; and from 11% to 16% for stage IV patients.ConclusionsThe study showed an improvement of OC survival in Estonia in all age and stage groups, but particularly among younger women and those with early stage disease. Slower progress among older women is of great concern.

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