Cost-effective monitoring of ground motion related to earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic activity by joint use of a single-frequency GPS and a MEMS accelerometer

Abstract This article presents a novel tool designed to allow circuit node measurements in a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit. The discussion covers RF circuit problems; provides details on the Radio Probe design, which achieves an input impedance of 50Kohms and an overall attenuation factor of 0 dB; and describes signal to noise issues in the output signal, along with their improvement techniques. This cost-effective solution incorporates features that make it well suited to the task of differential measurement of circuit nodes within an RF IC. The Radio Probe concept offers a number of advantages compared to active probes. It is a single frequency measurement tool, so it complements, rather than replaces, active probes.

Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Using Multi-Constellation GNSS: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou

GEOMATICA ◽

10.5623/cig2016-203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Abd Rabbou ◽

Ahmed El-Rabbany

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Precise Point Positioning ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Convergence Time ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Positioning Accuracy ◽

Point Positioning ◽

Beidou Satellites ◽

Gnss Observations

Single-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) presents a cost-effective positioning technique for a large number of users. However, it possesses low positioning accuracy and convergence time compared with the dual-frequency PPP. Single-frequency PPP commonly employs GPS satellite systems that suffer from poor satellite geometry, especially in dense urban areas. We develop a new single-frequency PPP model that combines the observations of current GNSS constellations, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou. The MGEX IGS final precise products are utilized to account for the orbital and clock errors, while the IGS final global ionospheric maps (GIM) model is used to correct for the ionospheric delay. The GNSS inter-system biases are treated as additional unknowns in the estimation process. The con tri bution of the additional GNSS observations to single-frequency PPP is assessed through solution comparison with its traditional GPS-only counterpart. Various GNSS combinations are considered in the assessment, including GPS/GLONASS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/BeiDou and all-constellation GNSS. It is shown that the additional GNSS observations enhance the PPP solution accuracy and convergence time in comparison with the tra di tional GPS-only solution. Except for stations with a sufficient number of tracked BeiDou satellites, both Galileo and BeiDou have marginal effects on the positioning accuracy due to their limited number of satel lites. However, for stations with a sufficient number of visible BeiDou satellites, an average of 40% PPP accuracy improvement is obtained. The major contribution to the PPP accuracy enhancement is obtained from GLONASS satellite observations.

CPW-fed concurrent, dual band planar antenna for millimeter wave applications

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078718001009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1088-1095

Author(s):

Smriti Agarwal ◽

Dharmendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Millimeter Wave ◽

Coplanar Waveguide ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dual Band ◽

Single Frequency ◽

60 Ghz ◽

Fractional Bandwidth ◽

High Data ◽

V Band ◽

Dual Band Antenna

AbstractIn recent years, millimeter wave (MMW) has received tremendous interest among researchers, which offers systems with high data rate communication, portability, and finer resolution. The design of the antenna at MMWs is challenging as it suffers from fabrication and measurement complexities due to associated smaller dimensions. Current state-of-the-art MMW dual-band antenna techniques demand high precision fabrication, which increases the overall cost of the system. Henceforth, the design of an MMW antenna with fabrication and measurement simplicity is quite challenging. In this paper, a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed single-band MMW antenna operating at 94 GHz (W band) and a dual-band MMW antenna operating concurrently at 60 GHz (V band) and 86 GHz (E band) have been designed, fabricated, and measured. A 50 Ω CPW-to-microstrip transition has also been designed to facilitate probe measurement compatibility and to provide proper feeding to the antenna. The fabricated single frequency 94 GHz antenna shows a fractional bandwidth of 11.2% andE-plane (H-plane) gain 6.17 dBi (6.2 dBi). Furthermore, the designed MMW dual-band antenna shows fractional bandwidth: 2/6.4%, andE-plane (H-plane) gain: 7.29 dBi (7.36 dBi)/8.73 dBi (8.68 dBi) at 60/86 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna provides a simple and cost-effective solution for different MMW applications.

Accurate and cost‐effective technique for jitter and noise separation based on single‐frequency measurement

Electronics Letters ◽

10.1049/el.2015.2333 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Minshun Wu ◽

Zhiqiang Liu ◽

Li Xu ◽

Degang Chen

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Frequency Measurement ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Effective Technique ◽

Cost Effective Technique

LZER0: GNSS cost-effective real-time positioning applied to landslide monitoring

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9506 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lavinia Tunini ◽

David Zuliani ◽

Paolo Fabris ◽

Marco Severin

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Landslide Monitoring ◽

Natural Risk ◽

Near Surface ◽

Landslide Event ◽

Wide Range

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide a globally extended dataset of primordial importance for a wide range of applications, such as crustal deformation, topographic measurements, or near surface processes studies. However, the high costs of GNSS receivers and the supporting software can represent a strong limitation for the applicability to landslide monitoring. Low-cost tools and techniques are strongly required to face the plausible risk of losing the equipment during a landslide event.Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS) of Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale OGS in collaboration with SoluTOP, in the last years, has developed a cost-effective GNSS device, called LZER0, both for post-processing and real-time applications. The aim is to satisfy the needs of both scientific and professional communities which require low-cost equipment to increase and improve the measurements on structures at risk, such as landslides or buildings, without losing precision.The landslide monitoring system implements single-frequency GNSS devices and open source software packages for GNSS positioning, dialoguing through Linux shell scripts. Furthermore a front-end web page has been developed to show real-time tracks. The system allows measuring real-time surface displacements with a centimetre precision and with a cost ten times minor than a standard RTK GPS operational system.This monitoring system has been tested and now applied to two landslides in NE- Italy: one near Tolmezzo municipality and one near Brugnera village. Part of the device development has been included inside the project CLARA 'CLoud plAtform and smart underground imaging for natural Risk Assessment' funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR).

Use of a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer for surface microgravimetry

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15278 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Topham ◽

Milind Pandit ◽

Zhijun Du ◽

Guillermo Sobreviela ◽

Douglas Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Earth Tides ◽

Integration Time ◽

Mems Accelerometer ◽

Loading Effects ◽

Ocean Loading ◽

Teleseismic Events

A vibrating beam MEMS gravimeter with an Allan deviation of 9 &#956;Gal for a 1000 s integration time, a noise floor of 10 &#956;Gal/&#8730;Hz, and measurement over the full &#177;1 g dynamic range (1 g = 9.81 ms&#8722;2) is presented. In addition to a direct digital signal output, the sensor system possesses built-in tilt compensation capabilities and a 2-stage temperature control that is stable to 500 &#181;K.Instances of Earth tidal tracking and ground motion records corresponding to several teleseismic events are demonstrated. The output response from tracking of the Earth tides is compared to the data obtained from the software TSoft and a statistical correlation R of 0.92 is obtained between the conditioned MEMS dataset over a period of ~4 days and the predicted Earth tides model from TSoft following correction for ocean loading effects.The device also recorded the ground motion from several teleseismic events during the testing period, a prominent event among them is the 6.2 ML earthquake near to Petrinja, Croatia, which occurred on December 29th, 2020. The MEMS sensor has demonstrated excellent performance as a long-period seismometer and the response is compared to the seismograms recorded by two nearby BGS broadband seismic stations.&#160;Advances in microgravity sensor detection capability will be shown to match feasibility modelling for void detection. Results demonstrate that a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer can be used for measurements requiring high levels of stability and resolution with wider implications for precision measurement. Gravimetry use to warn of imminent failures due to a range of shallow hazards include assessing damage in the built environment, transmission losses in utilities, territory breach and storage containment loss.

Stand-Alone Tsunami Alarm Equipment

10.5194/nhess-2016-164 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Akio Katsumata ◽

Yutaka Hayashi ◽

Kazuki Miyaoka ◽

Hiroaki Tsushima ◽

Toshitaka Baba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Strong Motion ◽

Source Area ◽

Single Site ◽

Peak Displacement ◽

Ground Shaking ◽

Mems Accelerometer ◽

Current Location ◽

Strong Ground

Abstract. One of the quickest means of tsunami evacuation is transfer to higher ground soon after strong and long ground-shaking. Strong ground motion means that the source area of the event is close to the current location, and long ground-shaking or large displacement means that the magnitude is large. We investigated the possibility to apply this to tsunami hazard alarm using single-site ground motion observation. Information from the mass media may not be available sometimes due to power failure. Thus, a device that indicates risk of a tsunami without referring to data elsewhere would be helpful to those should evacuate. Since the sensitivity of a low-cost MEMS accelerometer is sufficient for this purpose, tsunami alarms equipment for home use may be easily realized. Several observation values (e.g., strong-motion duration, peak ground displacement) were investigated as candidates. It was found that a suitable value for a single-site tsunami alarm is long-period peak displacement or the product of strong-motion duration and peak displacement. It was possible to detect an earthquake with a magnitude greater than 7.8 with a 0.8 threat score. Application of this method to recent major earthquakes indicated that such equipment could effectively alert people to the possibility of tsunami.

A novel approach to design measurement models of single-frequency GPS receivers for cost-effective structural monitoring networks

Survey Review ◽

10.1080/00396265.2016.1140394 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (354) ◽

pp. 160-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Lee ◽

J.-O. Lee ◽

T. A. Musa ◽

H.-Y. Chen

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Structural Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Networks ◽

Gps Receivers ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Novel Approach

Single‐Frequency Instantaneous GNSS Velocities Resolve Dynamic Ground Motion of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, Earthquake

Seismological Research Letters ◽

10.1785/0220170235 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 1040-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ronni Grapenthin ◽

Michael West ◽

Carl Tape ◽

Matt Gardine ◽

Jeff Freymueller

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Gnss Velocities ◽

Alaska Earthquake

Monitoring volcanic activity using correlation patterns between infrasound and ground motion

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1029/2011gl050542 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M. Ichihara ◽

M. Takeo ◽

A. Yokoo ◽

J. Oikawa ◽

T. Ohminato

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Volcanic Activity