The sexual transmission rate of HCV among heterosexual couples

Hepatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1865-1866
Author(s):  
Bart P.X. Grady ◽  
Maria Prins ◽  
Maarten Schim van der Loeff
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Heterosexual Couples

HPV Infections in Heterosexual Couples: Mechanisms and Covariates of Virus Transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kero ◽  
Jaana Rautava
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Sexual Couples ◽  
Female Genital

Sexual intercourse is regarded as the primary route of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. Reported rates of the genotype-specific genital concordance of HPV infection among heterosexual partners vary. Most studies have evaluated only male/female genital transmission, but lately, the oral region has gained interest because of a rising trend of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Risk factors for type-specific concordance have been reported as an increasing number of younger couples, persistent HPV infection, higher frequency of sexual intercourse, rising number of spouse’s lifetime sexual partners, and sexual relations with prostitutes. However, the concordance of the same genital HPV genotype does not absolutely mean that it has been transmitted by the current partner. There are also other possible non-sexual transmission routes. The detected HPV infection may also be a reactivation of a previous infection. The high complexity of HPV transmission dynamics within an individual him-/herself as well as within sexual couples is discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Dynamical Transmission of Lassa Fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Musibau Abayomi Omoloye ◽  
Akeem Olatoye Sanusi ◽  
Iyabo Olamide Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Female Partners

Lassa fever is an acute viral disease which occurs across West Africa regions. In view of this a non-linear deterministic model was considered to study dynamics spread of Lassa fever. Existence and uniqueness of the model were determined and the basic reproduction number of the model was computed using next-generation matrix, and sensitivity analysis of the model was performed and shows that the most sensitive parameters to the dynamical spread of Lassa fever are human birth rate bH, followed by average number of female partners acquired by susceptible male c2, and transmission rate resulting from sexual interaction between infected male and susceptible female h2 have the highest values. It concludes that average number of female partners acquired by susceptible male and sexual transmission rate between the infected male and susceptible female should be reduced. Keywords: Existence and Uniqueness, disease free equilibrium, basic reproduction numbers and sensitivity analysis.

Prevalence, Concordance, and Transmission of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Heterosexual Couples in Liuzhou, China: An Observational Perspective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Su ◽  
Feixue Wei ◽  
Xiumin Huang ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Lingxian Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Male Genital

Abstract Background Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission dynamics, which have important public health implications for designing HPV vaccination strategies, is scarce in undeveloped areas. Methods From May to July 2014, 390 couples were enrolled from the general population in Liuzhou, China. Exfoliated cells from male penis shaft/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) sites and from female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were collected biannually for 1 year. Results The HPV type-specific concordance rate between couples was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%–25.0%). For anogenital HPV transmission, the male-to-female transmission rate (11.5 [95% CI, 4.3–30.7] per 1000 person-months) was similar to the female-to-male transmission rate (11.3 [95% CI, 5.9–21.7] per 1000 person-months). The concordance rates between male PGC site and female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were 20.0%, 21.8%, and 14.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than expected by chance. Infections transmitted from males to females seemed mainly originated from male genital sites, whereas for female-to-male transmission, the vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites might be all involved. Conclusions Among the heterosexual couples with relatively conservative sexual behavior, the anogenital HPV transmission rate for females to males is similar to that of males to females. In addition to the vagina and vulva, the female PA site is also an important reservoir for HPV transmission.

scholarly journals The potential for sexual transmission to compromise control of Ebola virus outbreaks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20151079 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Vinson ◽  
John M. Drake ◽  
Pejman Rohani ◽  
Andrew W. Park
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
West African ◽  
Simple Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Contact Transmission

Recent evidence suggests that sexual contact may give rise to transmission of Ebola virus long after infection has been cleared from blood. We develop a simple mathematical model that incorporates contact transmission and sexual transmission parametrized from data relating to the 2013–2015 West African Ebola epidemic. The model explores scenarios where contact transmission is reduced following infection events, capturing behaviour change, and quantifies how these actions reducing transmission may be compromised by sexual transmission in terms of increasing likelihood, size and duration of outbreaks. We characterize the extent to which sexual transmission operates in terms of the probability of initial infection resolving to sexual infectiousness and the sexual transmission rate, and relate these parameters to the overall case burden. We find that sexual transmission can have large effects on epidemic dynamics (increasing attack ratios from 25% in scenarios without sexual transmission but with contact-transmission-reducing behaviour, up to 80% in equivalent scenarios with sexual transmission).

scholarly journals HIV transmission between spouses living in Lu'an city, Anhui province, China: a longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongyan Ma ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Zhenghao Jiang ◽  
Tai Ma
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission rate in HIV serodiscordant couples, in addition to the relevant influencing factors. From January 1999 to August 2016, patients with HIV/AIDS (index cases) along with their fixed partners were registered and monitored to determine the rate of HIV transmission between couples, as well as relevant influencing factors. A total of 231 HIV-positive couples were investigated, of these, 45-negative (19.48%) partners were infected with HIV via sexual transmission prior to diagnosis of the first case detected in couples. After diagnosis, the transmission rate between spouses was 0.39 per 100 person-years (2/507.7), and the cumulative transmission rate was 1.08% (2/186), which was significantly lower than the transmission rate before diagnosis (χ2 = 35.714, P < 0.001). Among the 119 HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART), the transmission rate was 0 (0/119), whereas the transmission rate was 2.99% (2/67) in HIV/AIDS patients who did not receive ART. In addition, HIV transmission rate in serodiscordant couples was high prior to diagnosis of the index case. However, following diagnosis, the transmission rate was reduced, and the risk of transmission in the index case with antiviral treatment was null. Therefore, a prompt intervention in HIV discordant couples with ART of index case is vital to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Transmission of Beta and Gamma Human Papillomavirus in Heterosexual Couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Barbara Moscicki ◽  
Yifei Ma ◽  
Tarik Gheit ◽  
Sandrine McKay-Chopin ◽  
Sepideh Farhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hpv Types

Abstract Background Beta (β) and gamma (γ) human papillomavirus (HPV) are commonly found on the skin. Few of the β types are associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Little is known about transmission patterns of these HPV, specifically in the anogenital (AG) areas. The primary objective of this study was to examine the AG concordance and transmission of β and γHPV types between heterosexual couples. Methods Archival samples from a previously published study examining concordance of alpha HPV types between couples were tested for β and γHPV. Hand, mouth, and genital samples were obtained 5 times over a 6-week period. Results Of the 21 couples examined, β and γHPV were detected in AG sites in 67% and 30% of men, respectively, and 41% and 25% of women. Positive concordance for β and γHPV was 27% and 20%, respectively, which was greater than the observed concordance between noncouples (10% for βHPV and 4% for γHPV). Transmission rate of βHPV between AG areas was 15.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–46.5) per 100 person months for men-to-women at risk and for γHPV was 6.6 (95% CI, .2–36.7). Risks for women-to-men were similar. Conclusions Beta and γHPV are common in the AG area, and data suggest that they can be sexually transmitted.

scholarly journals Heterosexual Transmission as a CRF01_AE HIV-1 Spread Factor in Mimika Papua

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Reynold Ubra ◽  
Evi Iriani
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Spread Factor ◽  
Hiv 1

The HIV epidemic has particular characteristic on each region. The genetic diversity of HIV-1 would affect variability of HIV virus that could potentially most virulent, pathogenic and high transmission rate. Thus it triggers the disease progresivity more rapidly and caused  a new pandemic of HIV infection. The aim of the study is determine the genetic characteristics of HIV-1 on patient with heterosexual transmission based on gene fragment encoding the glycoprotein-41 (gp41) of HIV envelope. Descriptive analytic method and cross sectional design were attended on VCT clinic Mitra Masyarakat Mimika in March-May 2015. Samples of blood plasma from patient with HIV-1 sexual transmission wer amplified using RT-PCR and nested PCR. Genetic characteristics were analyzed with DNA Sequencing using software Bioedit and Mega 5. Identification using sequence analysis  showed two subtypes of HIV patient in Mimika, which were CRF01_AE and B subtypes. There were 40 patients (87%) identified as having genetic characteristics CRF01_AE. Subtypes B was also identified in 6 heterosexual patients. This study suggest that CRF01_AE have heterosexual transmission risk higher than subtype B. Predominance of CRF01_AE contribute to the rapid spread of the HIV epidemic in Mimika

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