TNF-α Upregulates Sclerostin Expression in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Background: Dietary strategies, including the use of probiotics as preventive agents that modulate the gut microbiota and regulate the function of adipose tissue, are suitable tools for the prevention or amelioration of obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with different adipo- and immuno-modulatory capacities on metabolic and immunological parameters and intestinal composition microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced in mice fed a high-fat dietMethods: Balb/c weaning male mice were fed a standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without supplementation with Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (CRL1446), Lactococcus lactis CRL1434 (CRL1434), or Lacticaseibacillus casei CRL431 (CRL431) for 45 days. Biochemical and immunological parameters, white-adipose tissue histology, gut microbiota composition, and ex vivo cellular functionality (adipocytes and macrophages) were evaluated in SD and HFD mice.Results: CRL1446 and CRL1434 administration, unlike CRL431, induced significant changes in the body and adipose tissue weights and the size of adipocytes. Also, these strains caused a decrease in plasmatic glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 levels, and an increase of IL-10. The CRL1446 and CRL1434 obese adipocyte in ex vivo functionality assays showed, after LPS stimulus, a reduction in leptin secretion compared to obese control, while with CRL431, no change was observed. In macrophages from obese mice fed with CRL1446 and CRL1434, after LPS stimulus, lower levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 compared to obese control were observed. In contrast, CRL431 did not induce modification of cytokine values. Regarding gut microbiota, all strain administration caused a decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes index and diversity. As well as, related to genus results, all strains increased, mainly the genera Alistipes, Dorea, Barnesiella, and Clostridium XIVa. CRL1446 induced a higher increase in the Lactobacillus genus during the study period.Conclusions: The tested probiotic strains differentially modulated the intestinal microbiota and metabolic/immunological parameters in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. These results suggest that CRL1446 and CRL1434 strains could be used as adjuvant probiotics strains for nutritional treatment to obesity and overweight. At the same time, the CRL431 strain could be more beneficial in pathologies that require regulation of the immune system.

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Lactiplantibacillusplantarum ATG-K2 Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12665

Author(s):

Young-Sil Lee ◽

Eun-Jung Park ◽

Gun-Seok Park ◽

Seung-Hyun Ko ◽

Juyi Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Tnf Α

Obesity is a major health problem. Compelling evidence supports the beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity. However, the anti-obesity effect of probiotics remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects and potential mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATG-K2 using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. 3T3-L1 cells were incubated to determine the effect of lipid accumulation with lysate of L. plantarum ATG-K2. Mice were fed a normal fat diet or HFD with L. plantarum ATG-K2 and Orlistat for 8 weeks. L. plantarum ATG-K2 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and reduced body weight gain, WAT weight, and adipocyte size in HFD-induced obese mice, concurrently with the downregulation of PPARγ, SREBP1c, and FAS and upregulation of PPARα, CTP1, UCP1, Prdm16, and ND5. Moreover, L. plantarum ATG-K2 decreased TG, T-CHO, leptin, and TNF-α levels in the serum, with corresponding gene expression levels in the intestine. L. plantarum ATG-K2 modulated the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of the Lactobacillaceae family, which increased SCFA levels and branched SCFAs in the feces. L. plantarum ATG-K2 exhibited an anti-obesity effect and anti-hyperlipidemic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese mice by alleviating the inflammatory response and regulating lipid metabolism, which may be influenced by modulation of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Therefore, L. plantarum ATG-K2 can be a preventive and therapeutic agent for obesity.

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A Berberis Microphylla Extract Prevents Obesity, Modulates Inflammation and Promotes Thermogenesis in Mice Fed on a High Fat Diet (P06-055-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-055-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lissette Duarte ◽

Luis Amanda Ramirez ◽

Javier Quezada ◽

Carlos Poblete ◽

Francisca Concha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Body Weight Increase

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of a polyphenol-rich berberis microphylla (Calafate, a Chilean native berry) extract in obese mice. Methods 40 8-week old C57BL6 mice were divided (n = 10 each) in 4 treatments for 4 months: Control diet (C; 11% fat), Control diet/Calafate (CC), High fat diet (HF; 58% fat), and High fat diet/Calafate (HFC). Animals received food and water ad libitum. CC and HFC were treated with a daily dose of 50 mg total polyphenols/kg weight of Calafate extract. IPGTT and indirect calorimetry were performed at month 2 and 3 respectively. At month 4, animals were euthanized and final body weight were recorded, and samples of interscapular brown (BAT), epididymal white (eWAT) and inguinal white (iWAT) adipose tissues were obtained. Gene expression of inflammatory markers (MCP-1, TNF-α, Leptina, ADIPOQ and F4/80) on eWAT and thermogenic markers (UCP-1, PGC1α, SIRT1, PRDM16, PPARα/γ, DIO2) on BAT and iWAT were analyzed. 2x2 ANOVA statistical analysis was applied. Results HF presented higher body weight than HFC mice (p < 0.001), from day 40 of treatment. Also, BAT weight was increased (p < 0.05). Basal glycemia was higher in HF than C (p < 0.05), but not than HFC. Energy expenditure was higher in HFC (p < 0.05). Differential expression of MCP-1, leptin and F4/80 on eWAT was detected. In BAT, UCP-1, PGC1α, PPARα and SIRT1 expression were higher in HFC than HF (p < 0.05). In iWAT, expression of PGC1α, PPARα, PRDM16, SIRT1, y DIO2 were also increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions a polyphenol-rich Calafate extract decrease body weight increase, augment BAT mass, modulate inflammation, and promote energy expenditure, which was related to higher expression of thermogenic genes in obese mice. Funding Sources FONDECYT 1171550 (CONICYT, CHILE).

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