Abstract
Background
To investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress on cognition and the probable molecular mechanism in mice.
Methods
In the current work, a restraining tube was used as a way to induce chronic stress in mice. The protein levels were determined with ELISA and western blot. A series of behavior tests, including the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, open field test, and novel object recognition test, were also performed to examine the anxiety and the ability of learning and memory. Moreover, murine neuroblastoma N2a cells were used to confirm the findings from mice under chronic stress.
Results
Decreased synaptic functions were impaired in chronic stress with the downregulation of PSD95, GluR-1, the neurotrophic factor BDNF, and immediate-onset genes Arc and Egr. Chronic restraint decreased the histone acetylation level in hippocampal neurons while HDAC2 was increased and was co-localized with glucocorticoid receptors. Moreover, chronic stress inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and induced energy metabolism dysfunctions.
Conclusion
This work examining the elevated levels of HDAC2 in the hippocampus may provide new insights and targets for drug development for treating many neurodegenerative diseases.
Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis
