scholarly journals Quantitative temporal-spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in post-mortem tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian W. Tang ◽  
Ka-Fai To ◽  
Anthony W.I. Lo ◽  
Joseph J.Y. Sung ◽  
H.K. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Case Report: Post-mortem Histopathological and Molecular Analyses of the Very First Documented COVID-19-Related Death in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milenko Bogdanović ◽  
Ivan Skadrić ◽  
Tatjana Atanasijević ◽  
Oliver Stojković ◽  
Vesna Popović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Republic

In Europe, the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the first COVID-19-related death were reported in France on January 24th and February 15th, 2020, respectively. Officially, the first case of COVID-19 infection in the Republic of Serbia was registered on March 6th. Herein, we presented the first case of retrospective detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the post-mortem-obtained vitreous humor (VH), which took place on February 5th, 2020. This is the first death in Europe proven to be caused by COVID-19 by means of post-mortem histopathological and molecular analyses. Based on this finding, it appears that SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading faster and started spreading much earlier than it had been considered and that COVID-19 was probably the cause of the much-reported pneumonia of unknown origin in January and February 2020.

scholarly journals POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS (SARS-COV) ON TESTIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. e95
Author(s):  
Justin K. Achua ◽  
Kevin Y. Chu ◽  
Himanshu Arora ◽  
Oleksii Lakymenko ◽  
Oleksandr N. Kryvenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination

scholarly journals An unexplained death after routine cardiac surgery: how long have we dealt with coronavirus disease 2019?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-905
Author(s):  
Laura Varela Barca ◽  
Isabel Torralba Cloquell ◽  
Jaime Herrero Cereceda ◽  
Jose Ignacio Sáez de Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Unexplained Death

Abstract We present a case report of fatal respiratory failure after cardiac surgery in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Although not supported by epidemiological data nor clinical course, coronavirus disease 2019 infection was revealed post-mortem by immunohistochemical detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein in lung tissue.

scholarly journals Post-mortem persistence of SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sablone ◽  
Biagio Solarino ◽  
Davide Ferorelli ◽  
Marcello Benevento ◽  
Maria Chironna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Forensic Pathology ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Microbiological Agents

AbstractSince the beginning of March 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The need to better define the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) as well as to provide the correct statistical records concerning deaths related to this virus, inevitably involves the role of forensic pathology and routine autopsy practice. Currently, some data on macroscopic and microscopic features in autopsies performed in suspected Covid-19 cases are reported in the literature. The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in cadavers has not yet been elucidated and only a few reports have emphasized the importance of evaluating the Virus RNA in post-mortem tissues. In this preliminary study, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 survives in multiple cadaver tissues many days after death despite some extreme conditions of post-mortem body preservation. The results of this on-going analysis could help improve the safety of working practices for pathologists as well as understanding the possible interaction between microbiological agents and the cadaver tissue’s supravital reactions.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Patterns and Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 Cases in DKI Jakarta (March–December 2020)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Das ◽  
Mondastri Korib Sudaryo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Block Transmission ◽  
Major Response ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Series Study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In Indonesia, the first two cases were reported on March 2, 2020; the first major response to block transmission of the virus was the declaration of large-scale social restrictions (LSSR) or Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). This study aimed to identify the epidemiology patterns and spatial distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic in five municipalities of DKI Jakarta. The research design comprised an ecological and case-series study uncovering the epidemiological trends and distribution of COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta based on secondary surveillance data. The results from the data analyzed between March-December 2020 showed an increasing epidemiological trend due to COVID-19, and Central Jakarta was the municipality most affected due to pandemic during this period. The implementation of the first PSBB in DKI Jakarta reduced the average number of daily cases during the first month, although the decrease was not statistically significant. There was a spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 with the neighboring urban villages. There were fifteen COVID-19 hotspots all over DKI Jakarta based on the data analyzed in December 2020.

scholarly journals Autopsy Findings and Causality Relationship between Death and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5876
Author(s):  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Monica Salerno ◽  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
Nunzio Di Nunno ◽  
Paolo Zamboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
Causality Relationship

The current challenge worldwide is the administration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Considering that the COVID-19 vaccination represents the best possibility to resolve this pandemic, this systematic review aims to clarify the major aspects of fatal adverse effects related to COVID-19 vaccines, with the goal of advancing our knowledge, supporting decisions, or suggesting changes in policies at local, regional, and global levels. Moreover, this review aims to provide key recommendations to improve awareness of vaccine safety. All studies published up to 2 December 2021 were searched using the following keywords: “COVID-19 Vaccine”, “SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine”, “COVID-19 Vaccination”, “SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination”, and “Autopsy” or “Post-mortem”. We included 17 papers published with fatal cases with post-mortem investigations. A total of 38 cases were analyzed: 22 cases were related to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 administration, 10 cases to BNT162b2, 4 cases to mRNA-1273, and 2 cases to Ad26.COV2.S. Based on these data, autopsy is very useful to define the main characteristics of the so-called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination: recurrent findings were intracranial hemorrhage and diffused microthrombi located in multiple areas. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide evidence about myocarditis related to the BNT162B2 vaccine. Finally, based on the discussed data, we suggest several key recommendations to improve awareness of vaccine safety.

scholarly journals Georeferencing of COVID-19 Positive Nasopharyngeal Swabs to Support Emergency Management in an Area of Northern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Chiara Airoldi ◽  
Marinella Bertolotti ◽  
Maria Rowinski ◽  
Marta Betti ◽  
Alessandro Pecere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Study Population

Spatial distribution heterogeneity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed in several countries. While previous studies have covered vast geographic areas, detailed analyses on smaller territories are not available to date. The aim of our study was to understand the spatial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a province of Northern Italy through the analysis of positive nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The study was conducted on subjects who lived in the province of Alessandria with at least one positive NP swab between 2 March and 22 December 2020. To investigate if clustering occurred, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects over the total number of residents in each small administrative subregion was calculated and then mapped. A total of 17,260 subjects with at least one positive NP swab were included; the median age was 54 years (Interquartile range 38–72) and 54.9% (n = 9478) of our study population were female. Among the 192 towns scanned, 26 showed a prevalence between 5% and 7.5%, one between 7.5% and 10% and two with more than 10% positive swabs. The territories with a higher prevalence of positive subjects were located in areas with at least one nursing home and potential clusters were observed within these structures. The maps produced may be considered a useful and important monitoring system to identify areas with a significant and relevant diffusion of SARS-CoV-2.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

Ultrastructural investigation of an adenoma of the pituitary post mortem

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
W. C. deMendonca
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Close Apposition ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission

The deleterious effect of post mortem degeneration results in a progressive loss of ultrastructural detail. This had led to reluctance (if not refusal) to examine autopsy material by means of transmission electron microscopy. Nevertheless, Johannesen has drawn attention to the fact that a sufficient amount of significant features may be preserved in order to enable the establishment of a definitive diagnosis, even on “graveyard” tissue.Routine histopathology of the autopsy organs of a woman of 78 showed the presence of a well circumscribed adenoma in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The lesion came into close apposition to the pars intermedia. Its architecture was more compact and less vascular than that of the anterior lobe. However, there was some grouping of the cells in relation to blood vessels. The cells tended to be smaller, with a higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio. The cytoplasm showed a paucity of granules. In some of the cells, it was eosinophilic.

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