Heavy rainfall events over southeast peninsular India during northeast monsoon: Role of El Niño and easterly wave activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1954-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Sanap ◽  
P. Priya ◽  
G. K. Sawaisarje ◽  
K. S. Hosalikar
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Easterly Wave ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

The role of monsoon low-level jet in modulating heavy rainfall events

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. e569-e576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Xavier ◽  
Ajil Kottayil ◽  
K. Mohanakumar ◽  
Prince K. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

scholarly journals The Northeast Winter Monsoon over the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia: Evolution, Interannual Variability, and Model Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agniv Sengupta ◽  
Sumant Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The northeast monsoon (NEM) brings the bulk of annual rainfall to southeastern peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and the neighboring Southeast Asian countries. This October–December monsoon is referred to as the winter monsoon in this region. In contrast, the southwest summer monsoon brings bountiful rainfall to the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The winter monsoon region is objectively demarcated from analysis of the timing of peak monthly rainfall. Because of the region’s complex terrain, in situ precipitation datasets are assessed using high-spatiotemporal-resolution Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates, prior to their use in monsoon evolution, variability, and trend analyses. The Global Precipitation Climatology Center’s in situ analysis showed the least bias from TRMM. El Niño–Southern Oscillation’s (ENSO) impact on NEM rainfall is shown to be significant, leading to stronger NEM rainfall over southeastern peninsular India and Sri Lanka but diminished rainfall over Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The impact varies subseasonally, being weak in October and strong in November. The positive anomalies over peninsular India are generated by anomalous anticyclonic flow centered over the Bay of Bengal, which is forced by an El Niño–related reduction in deep convection over the Maritime Continent. The historical twentieth-century climate simulations informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment (IPCC-AR5) show varied deficiencies in the NEM rainfall distribution and a markedly weaker (and often unrealistic) ENSO–NEM rainfall relationship.

scholarly journals Heavy Rainfall Events and Diarrhea Incidence: The Role of Social and Environmental Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Carlton ◽  
Joseph N. S. Eisenberg ◽  
Jason Goldstick ◽  
William Cevallos ◽  
James Trostle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

scholarly journals The Strengthening Relationship between ENSO and Northeast Monsoon Rainfall over Sri Lanka and Southern India

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lareef Zubair ◽  
C. F. Ropelewski
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Recently, it was reported that the relationship of the Indian southwest monsoon rainfall with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weakened since around 1980. Here, it is reported that in contrast, the relationship between ENSO and the northeast monsoon (NEM) in south peninsular India and Sri Lanka from October to December has not weakened. The mean circulation associated with ENSO over this region during October to December does not show the weakening evident in the summer and indeed is modestly intensified so as to augment convection. The intensification of the ENSO–NEM rainfall relationship is modest and within the historical record but stands in contrast to the weakening relationship in summer. The intensification of the circulation is consistent with the warming of surface temperatures over the tropical Indian Ocean in recent decades. There is modestly intensified convection over the Indian Ocean, strengthening of the circulation associated with ENSO (Walker circulation), and enhanced rainfall during El Niño episodes in a manner consistent with an augmented ENSO–NEM relationship.

scholarly journals The Role of Indian Ocean Warming on Extreme Rainfall in Central China During Early Summer 2020: Without El Niño Influence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinan Cai ◽  
Zesheng Chen ◽  
Yan Du
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Central China ◽  
Sst Warming

Abstract This study investigates the role of water vapor transport and sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) on the heavy rainfall in central China during boreal early summer. In the past four decades, four significant rainfall events, in 1983, 1998, 2016, and 2020, occured in central China and caused severe floods, in which the year 2020 has the most extreme event. All four events are associated with significant TIO SST warming, associated with a strong and westward extending anomalous anticyclone on the western North Pacific (WNPAC). The anomalous winds in the northwestern flank of the WNPAC bring excess water vapor into central China. The water vapor, mainly carried from the central tropical Pacific, converges in central China and result in heavy rainfall. A theory of regional ocean-atmosphere interaction can well explain the processes, called the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean Capacitor (IPOC) effect. The WNPAC is usually associated with strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), except for the 2020 case. The 2020 event is extraordinary, without ensuring El Niño occurred in the previous winter. In 2020, the significant TIO warming sustained the anomalous WNPAC, inducing the most significant extreme rainfall event in central China. This study reveals that the IPOC effect can dramatically influence the East Asian climate even without involving the ENSO in the Pacific.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Role of Ice Hydrometeor-Types in WRF Bulk Microphysical Schemes in Simulating Two Heavy Rainfall Events over Southern Nigeria

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Ezekiel Akinola ◽  
Yan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Mass Content ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events ◽  
Better Than

The role of ice hydrometeor-types in bulk schemes available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been assessed in this study to simulate two heavy rainfall events reported over the southern part of Nigeria. This has been done with a view to provide necessary information on the convective cloud hydrometeor types and compositions in the area to improve heavy rainfall forecasts with the selection of appropriate bulk microphysical schemes. Results from the statistical validation of the simulated rainfall by different schemes showed that for the first event, the WSM5 scheme with less dense snow ice particles performed relatively better than other schemes like WSM6, Morrison with graupel (MORR_G), and Morrison with hail (MORR_H), while the WDM6 scheme performed least effectively when compared to TRMM data. Conversely, the second event showed that a WDM6 scheme with graupel as dense ice particle performed better than other schemes. Further analysis using a spatial distribution plot of simulated rainfall over the area of study shows that for both cases, almost all the schemes fail to capture the intensity and location of the heavy rainfall shown by TRMM data. In addition, the surface accumulated rainfall area average of all schemes for the first (second) event shows an underestimation (overestimation). Vertical profile plots of mass mixing ratios of different ice hydrometeor compositions showed that the WSM5 scheme contains a greater mass of snow than other type ice particles for both cases, while the hydrometeor path calculation of total mass content showed the WSM5 scheme having more snow mass content than other schemes during the period of analysis in both cases. A pressure-time plot of the differences between simulated air temperature and water vapor of the WSM5 scheme showed that WSM5 simulated the higher air temperature that was needed and water vapor at the mid and upper troposphere more than other schemes. In conclusion, results from this study has shown that less dense ice particle (e.g., snow) and high dense ice particle (e.g., graupel and hail) type-bulk schemes can both be suitable for simulating heavy rainfall events that are produced by convective system(s) that are common in the area.

scholarly journals River Vishav Contribution to 2014 Devastating Floods of Kashmir (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5147-5151
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The People ◽  
Major Tributary ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Floods cannot be absolutely controlled but can be managed to reduce the losses. The changing climate is a major cause of the increasing trends in the erratic and heavy rainfall events causing floods. The rains those lashed out during the first week of Septemeber-2014 in Kashmir Valley resulting in a devastating flood is one of the examples of such hazards. Many attempts have been made by different agencies and the people to ascertain the cause of this devastating flood. Most of these studies focus on the River Jhelum’s main course and do not pay much attention to the role of its tributaries in the said event. The present study is an attempt to analyse the role of the most hazardous tributary of the River Jhelum, known as Vishav River in the horrible catastrophe. River Vishav is a major tributary of the river Jhelum and contributes to nearly one-fifth of its discharge. On basis of the information collected and the survey conducted after the floods, it is believed that this tributary of river Jhelum played a major role in the 2014- devastating floods. The present study highlights the present status of the river Vishav, its behaviour, its role in 2014 floods and flood mitigation measures in the Vishav basin.

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