No tillage affects the phosphorus status, isotopic composition and crop yield of Phaseolus vulgaris
 in a rain-fed farming system

The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.

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Geostatistical analysis of crop yield maps in a long term no tillage system

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052010000500003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (suppl) ◽

pp. 9-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Osvaldo Guedes Filho ◽

Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽

Marcio Koiti Chiba ◽

Célia Regina Grego

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Spherical Model ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

No Tillage ◽

Yield Data ◽

The North ◽

Tillage System

It is known, for a long time, that crop yields are not uniform at the field. In some places, it is possible to distinguish sites with both low and high yields even within the same area. This work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of some crop yields and to identify potential zones for site specific management in an area under no-tillage system for 23 years. Data were analyzed from a 3.42 ha long term experimental area at the Centro Experimental Central of the Instituto Agronômico, located in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The crop yield data evaluated included the following crops: soybean, maize, lablab and triticale, and all of them were cultivated since 1985 and sampled at a regular grid of 302 points. Data were normalized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools in order to demonstrate and describe the structure of the spatial variability. All crop yields showed high variability. All of them also showed spatial dependence and were fitted to the spherical model, except for the yield of the maize in 1999 productivity which was fitted to the exponential model. The north part of the area presented repeated high values of productivity in some years. There was a positive cross correlation amongst the productivity values, especially for the maize crops.

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EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO, EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n2p177-184 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João Baptista Chieppe Júnior ◽

Ana Lúcia Pereira ◽

Luis Fernando Stone ◽

José Aluísio Alves Moreira ◽

Antônio Evaldo Klar

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Soil Water ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

No Tillage ◽

Common Beans ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Area Index ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Tillage System

EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO,EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIODIRETO João Baptista Chieppe Júnior1; Ana Lucia Pereira2; Luis Fernando Stone3; José Aluísio Alves Moreira3; Antônio Evaldo Klar4 1Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Rio Verde, GO, [email protected]ério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Epitaciolândia, AC3Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO4Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da cobertura do solo sobre a produtividade e crescimento do feijoeiro irrigado (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sob cinco tratamentos de cobertura morta com palhada de capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,50 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t.ha-1) e 100% (9,0 t.ha-1), obedecendo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no município de Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, num Latossolo Vermelho escuro argiloso. A irrigação foi realizada por microaspersão e o manejo através de tensiômetro e a curva característica de água no solo, irrigando toda vez que o potencial mínimo de água do solo atingia -30 kPa. A análise dos resultados mostrou diminuição do número de irrigações e aumento do turno de rega nos tratamentos onde a cobertura atingiu mais de 50% da superfície do solo. A cobertura do solo não influenciou na produção de grãos e seus componentes, com exceção do número de grãos por vagem e propiciou maior eficiência do uso da água. O tratamento com 100% de cobertura apresentou os maiores índices de área foliar e o acúmulo da matéria seca não sofreu influência da cobertura. UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., sistema de plantio direto, Braquiária CHIEPPE JÚNIOR, J.B.; PEREIRA, A.L.; STONE, L.F.. MOREIRA, J.A.A.; KLAR, A. E. Effects of DIFFERENT mulch levels on Growth and yield OF COMMON beans under no tillage system. 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the effects of five different treatments of grass (Brachiaria decumbens) straw mulch on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,5 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t.ha-1) and 100% (9,0 t/ha) designed by randomized blocks and four replications. Irrigation was applied when minimum soil water potential was about – 30kPa. Water management was based on tensiometers and soil water characteristic curve. A microsprinkler irrigation system was used. The experiment was set up at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Rice and Bean (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Arroz e Feijão) in Santo Antonio de Goiás,Brazil, in a Dark – Red Latosol soil. Results showed that the bean yield and his components were not affected by treatments, except for grain number/pod. Mulching increased water use efficiency and, consequently, decreased the number of irrigations when mulching reached more than 50% straw mulch. The treatment with 100% of mulching presented the largest leaf area index and dry matter accumulation was not affected by mulching.KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris, no tillage system, Braquiária decumbens L

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Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO2-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1848

Author(s):

Otávio A. Leal ◽

Telmo J. C. Amado ◽

Jackson E. Fiorin ◽

Cristiano Keller ◽

Geovane B. Reimche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Yield Data ◽

Soil C ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Cover crops (CC), particularly legumes, are key to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in no-tillage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating this process need further elucidation within a broad comprehensive framework. Therefore, we investigated effects of CC quality: black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (oat), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (vetch), and oat + vetch on carbon dioxide-C (CO2-C) emission (124 days) under conventional- (CT), minimum- (MT) and no-tillage (NT) plots from a long-term experiment in Southern Brazil. Half-life time (t1/2) of CC residues and the apparent C balance (ACB) were obtained for CT and NT. We linked our data to long-term (22 years) soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks and crop yield data of our experimental field. Compared to CT, NT increased t1/2 of oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 3.9-, 3.1- and 3-fold, respectively; reduced CO2-C emissions in oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 500, 600 and 642 kg ha−1, respectively; and increased the ACB (influx) in oat + vetch (195%) and vetch (207%). For vetch, CO2-C emission in MT was 77% greater than NT. Legume CC should be preferentially combined with NT to reduce CO2-C emissions and avoid a flush of N into the soil. The legume based-NT system showed the greatest soil C and N sequestration rates, which were significantly and positively related to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and maize (Zea mays L.) yield. Soil C (0–90 cm depth) and N (0–100 cm depth) sequestration increments of 1 kg ha−1 corresponded to soybean yield increments of 1.2 and 7.4 kg ha−1, respectively.

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Traffic and Tillage Effects on Soil Water Conservation and Winter Wheat Yield in the Loess Plateau, China

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/eces-2013-0038 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 507-517

Author(s):

Hao Chen

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

No Tillage ◽

Yearly Variation ◽

Controlled Traffic

Abstract In semi-humid Loess Plateau of northern China, water is the limiting factor for rain-fed crop yields. In this region, long-term traditional ploughing with straw removal has resulted in poor soil structure, water conservation and crop yield. Controlled traffic, combined with no-till and straw cover has been proposed to improve soil water conservation and crop yield. From 1999 to 2007, a field experiment on winter wheat was conducted in the dryland area of Loess Plateau of northern China, to investigate the effects of traffic and tillage on soil water conservation and crop yield. The field experiment was conducted using two controlled traffic treatments, no tillage with residue cover and no compaction (NTCN), shallow tillage with residue cover and no compaction (STCN) and one conventional tillage treatment (CK). Results showed that controlled traffic system reduced soil compaction in the top soil layer, increased soil water infiltration. The benefit on soil water infiltration translated into more soil conservation (16.1%) in 0-100 cm soil layer in fellow period, and achieved higher soil water availability at planting (16.5%), with less yearly variation. Consequently, controlled traffic system increased wheat yield by 12.6% and improved water use efficiency by 5.2%, both with less yearly variation, compared with conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, no tillage treatment NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic combined with no-tillage and straw cover has higher performance on conserving water, improving yield and water use efficiency. It is a valuable system for soil and water conservation for the sustainable development of agriculture in dryland China.

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Experiment of "No-Tillage" Farming System on the Volcanic Soils of Tropical Islands of Micronesia

International Soil and Water Conservation Research ◽

10.1016/s2095-6339(15)30004-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 30-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad H. Golabi ◽

S.A. El-Swaify ◽

Clancy Iyekar

Keyword(s):

Farming System ◽

No Tillage ◽

Volcanic Soils ◽

Tropical Islands

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Evaluation of alternative weed management systems in a modified no-tillage corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation: weed densities, crop yield, and economics

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0504:eoawms]2.0.co;2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 504-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Clarence J. Swanton ◽

Anil Shrestha ◽

David R. Clements ◽

Barbara D. Booth ◽

Kevin Chandler

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage

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Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under no-tillage and conventional systems in Southern Brazil

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.06.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 210-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

G. Kaschuk ◽

M. Hungria ◽

D.S. Andrade ◽

R.J. Campo

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

No Tillage ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Conventional Systems

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Deep-drainage control and yield: the trade-off between trees and crops in agroforestry systems in the medium to low rainfall areas of Australia

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar04213 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Y. M. Oliver ◽

E. C. Lefroy ◽

R. Stirzaker ◽

C. L. Davies

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Farming System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Tree Age ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Deep Drainage ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Area Index ◽

Trade Off

In the dryland cropping areas of southern Australia, at risk from dryland salinity, tree belts can improve water management by taking up water unused by crops, with the risk that crop yield will be reduced through competition. As there are few direct markets for tree products grown in the medium to low rainfall areas, the design of agroforestry systems becomes important in reducing the trade-off in crop yield. This study examined some factors that influence the trade-off between crop yield and deep-drainage control in order to develop design guidelines for medium to low rainfall agroforestry. Twenty-one sites in the grain-growing region of Western Australia and southern New South Wales were surveyed over 2 years for crop yields, tree leaf area index, and estimated recharge, providing data from 32 tree–crop interfaces on the relative influence of environmental factors and farming system characteristics on the trade-off between water management and crop yield. The factors most strongly correlated with higher yields were water-gaining sites, orientation that provided shelter from southerly to north-westerly (S, SW, W, NW) winds, and tree age (<10 years). The factors most strongly correlated with the area of cropped land protected against deep drainage were tree age (>10 years), lighter soil types, and low rainfall (<400 mm). Economic analysis of the trade-off required to produce a particular deep-drainage reduction target produced 3 groups of sites: (1) those where trees resulted in a gross margin increase of $15/ha and an estimated deep-drainage reduction of 52% (n = 3), (2) those with a gross margin loss of $49/ha and estimated deep-drainage reduction of 47% (n = 11), and (3) those with a gross margin loss of $163/ha and a deep-drainage reduction of 37% (n = 18). None of the 3 sites in the first group were in the most favourable class in both years, highlighting the vulnerability of a relatively fixed farming system to climate variability.

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