scholarly journals Breastfeeding and Adult Personality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina R. Sutin ◽  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
Antonio Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Adult Personality

Five–Factor Model personality traits are implicated in long–term health–risk behaviours and outcomes. Less research has addressed how early life experiences are associated with individual differences in these traits in adulthood. We examine whether having been breastfed is associated with adult personality and well–being in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. At Wave 1, caregivers reported whether the target child had been breastfed. At Wave 4, participants ( N = 13,113; 53% female; Mage = 28.98) completed measures of psychological functioning. We tested for mean–level differences in the traits by breastfeeding status (yes/no) and by the duration of breastfeeding, controlling for basic demographic factors and early life factors that could confound the breastfeeding–personality association (e.g. mother education). Participants who had been breastfed scored lower in neuroticism, anxiety, and hostility and higher in openness and optimism than those not breastfed. A curvilinear relation suggested that neuroticism was lowest for those breastfed for 9–12 months and highest for those either breastfed for >24 months or exclusively bottle–fed. Breastfeeding was unrelated to conscientiousness or state psychological functioning. This research suggests long–term psychological benefits to breastfeeding and indicates that early life experiences are associated with traits that are consequential for adult health. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Effect of the early-life nutritional environment on fecundity and fertility of mammals

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1534) ◽  
pp. 3419-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Gardner ◽  
S. E. Ozanne ◽  
K. D. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Developmental Windows

The early-life developmental environment is instrumental in shaping our overall adult health and well-being. Early-life diet and endocrine exposure may independently, or in concert with our genetic constitution, induce a pathophysiological process that amplifies with age and leads to premature morbidity and mortality. Recently, this has become known as ‘programming’ but is akin to ‘maternal effects’ described for many years in the biological sciences and is defined as any influence that acts during critical developmental windows to induce long-term changes in the organisms' phenotype. To date, such delayed maternal effects have largely been characterized in terms of susceptibility to cardiovascular or metabolic disease. Here, we review evidence from experimental animal species, non-human primates and man for an effect of the early-life nutritional environment on adult fecundity and fertility. In addition, using a database of pedigree sheep, we also specifically test the hypothesis that being born small for gestational age with or without post-natal growth acceleration directly programmes fertility. We conclude that there is a lack of compelling evidence to suggest pre-natal undernutrition may directly reduce adult fecundity and fertility, but may exert some effects secondarily via an increased incidence of ‘metabolic syndrome’. Possible effects of being born relatively large on subsequent fecundity and fertility warrant further investigation.

The Five Factor Model of Personality and Consequential Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip De Fruyt ◽  
Barbara De Clercq ◽  
Marleen De Bolle
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Short And Long Term

The validity of the Five Factor Model (FFM) to describe personality differences in childhood and adolescence is well established. Personality differences can be reliably assessed in children and adolescents, and available research converges on the validity of the FFM as the predominant model to provide a comprehensive and manageable account of these notable differences. In addition, there is strong agreement that personality traits in childhood/adolescence are related to a broad range of short- and long-term consequential outcomes, underscoring their utility in research and assessment. The aims of the present chapter are threefold: first, to review FFM measures developed for children and adolescents; second, to discuss parallels and dissimilarities obtained with adults; and finally to summarize the significance and validity of the model in gaining an understanding of a broad series of outcomes, including interpersonal relationships, psychopathology, health and well-being, learning and learning outcomes, and long-term outcomes manifested in adulthood.

Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Newman ◽  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
James W. Varni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Related Quality

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.

scholarly journals Psychedelics and potential benefits in “healthy normals”: A review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Behavior

We are in the midst of a psychedelic research renaissance. With research examining the efficacy of psychedelics as a treatment for a range of mental health indications still in its early stages, there is an increasing body of research to show that careful use of psychedelics can yield a variety of benefits in “healthy normals” and so lead to “the betterment of well people.” Psychedelics have been found to modulate neuroplasticity, and usage in a supportive setting can result in enduring increases in traits such as well-being, life satisfaction, life meaning, mindfulness, and a variety of measures associated with prosocial behaviors and healthy psychological functioning. The effect of psychedelic experience on measures of personality trait openness and is potential implications is examined, and the potential role of awe as a mediator of the benefits of the psychedelic experience is discussed. Special attention is given to the capacity of psychedelics to increase measures of nature relatedness in an enduring sense, which is being correlated with a broad range of measures of psychological well-being as well as a key predictor of pro-environmental awareness and behavior. The effects of particular classical psychedelic compounds on healthy people are discussed, with special attention given to the mystical-type experiences occasioned by high doses of psychedelics, which appear to be an important mediator of long-term benefits and psychotherapeutic gains. Research looking at the potential benefits of psychedelic microdosing is discussed. Potential future research avenues are explored, focusing on the potential development of psychedelics as agents of ecotherapy.

scholarly journals CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE PREDICTS LIFESPAN HEALTH INTO LATE ADULTHOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S351-S351
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Turiano ◽  
Nicholas A Turiano ◽  
Kate A Leger ◽  
Patrick L Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
Midlife Development

Abstract Childhood misfortune encompasses a diverse set of negative early life experiences that have damaging effects on lifespan development. We extended this topic by examining how early life misfortunes predicted changes in measures of physical functioning (FUNC) and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood (ages 25-75). We used 3-wave data (N = 6,000) from the Midlife Development in the U.S. study across 20 years. Unconditional latent growth curve models (adjusting for age, sex, education) suggested significant (p < .05) mean-level change and variability in change for FUNC (Int = 1.47; Slope = 0.24) and BMI (Int = 26.71; Slope = 0.90). Higher levels of childhood misfortune (e.g., abuse, financial strain) significantly predicted worse FUNC (Int = 0.05; Slope = 0.02) and higher BMIs (Int = 0.24; Slope = 0.07) at baseline and steeper increases over time. Findings underscore the need to address adult health problems that emerge much earlier in life.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development Goals and Investment Strategies: The Profitability of Using Five-Factor Fama-French Alphas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Miralles-Quirós ◽  
María Mar Miralles-Quirós ◽  
José Manuel Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Development Goals

This study focuses on assets related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are the most recent aspect of the Socially Responsible Investment framework and have caught the attention of investors due to their investment opportunities as well as the global challenges that can be achieved. The profitability of developing an investment strategy is shown based on the value of the alphas obtained from the estimation of the Fama-French five-factor model when compared to an equally weighted portfolio, even when transaction costs are taken into consideration. In addition, it is proven that investors should focus their investments on two main SDGs: Good health and well-being (Goal 3) and Industry, innovation and infrastructure (Goal 9).

Tracing the Big Five in parents' free descriptions of their children

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geldolph A. Kohnstamm ◽  
Ivan Mervielde ◽  
Elias Besevegis ◽  
Charles F. Halverson
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Interesting Culture ◽  
The Usa

Because of the impressive replicability of the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) in adult personality psychology, developmental psychologists have recently begun a search for the antecedents of these five adult dimensions in childhood. The FFM originates in rating scales applied to ‘personality words’, notably adjectives, selected from dictionaries. To test the explanatory power of the FFM as a model for individual differences in childhood, we used a different source for the lexicon of personality. Parents of children aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 years were asked simply ‘to describe your child’. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed literally and then coded using an elaborate coding scheme. We here describe data from three of the countries involved in this cross‐cultural project (Holland, Belgium, and Greece). The data are the results of coding free descriptions for a total of 186 3‐year‐olds and 229 9‐year‐olds. These data represent the first phase of a four‐phase project that includes researchers from The Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Germany, the USA, and China. Results from this first phase were very similar over the participating countries although there were some interesting culture‐specific differences. In the second phase, questionnaire items based on the free descriptors in each category of the coding scheme will be written by the research teams. Such items will be rated by new samples of parents. Factor analyses will reduce the item pool to about one hundred items. These will then be given to new samples of parents of children of the ages indicated above. In the last phase, the factor structures will be compared across cultures and be analysed for their resemblance to the FFM, as well as other models of the structure of temperament and personality in childhood.

The Five-Factor Model of Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and Social Adaptation: Generalizability to the Spanish Context

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Population Analyses ◽  
Five Factors

The relationships between the five-factor model of personality, subjective well-being, and social adaptation were examined in two Spanish groups, one of 112 undergraduate students and one of 177 participants from the general population. Analyses showed a clear pattern of low but positive associations among scores on well-being, social adaptation, and four of the five factors of personality (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability), very similar to those obtained by previous research in the American context.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in Early Midlife: A National Prospective Study on Health and Well-Being Correlates and Long-Term Predictors

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S31437 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Deborah D. Kloska ◽  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
Jennifer L. Maggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study used national multicohort panel data from the Monitoring the Future study ( N = 25,536 from senior year classes 1977–1997 followed up to the age of 35 years in 1994–2014) to examine how early midlife (age 35 years) alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with adolescent and adult sociodemographics and health and well-being risk factors. Survey items adapted from DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were used to identify individuals who (a) showed symptoms consistent with criteria for AUD or CUD at age 35 years, (b) used the substance without qualifying for a disorder (nondisordered users), and (c) abstained from using alcohol or marijuana during the past five years. At age 35 years, the estimated prevalence of past five-year AUD was 28.0%, and that of CUD was 6.1%. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify variations in the relative risk of disorder symptoms as a function of sociodemographic characteristics, age 18 educational and social indices and substance use, and age 35 health and satisfaction indices and substance use. In the full models, age 18 binge drinking and marijuana use were found to be among the strongest predictors of age 35 AUD and CUD, respectively. Among age 35 health and well-being indicators, lower overall health, more frequent cognitive difficulties, and lower satisfaction with spouse/partner were consistently associated with greater risks of AUD and CUD. Some evidence was found for a J-shaped association between age 35 AUD or CUD status and health and well-being indices, such that nondisordered users were sometimes better off than both abstainers and those experiencing disorder. Finally, nondisordered cannabis use, but not CUD, was found to be more common in more recent cohorts. Implications are discussed regarding the importance of placing early midlife substance use disorder within the context of both adolescent substance use and adult health and well-being.

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