Applied personality psychology: lessons learned from the IWO field

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S123-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip De Fruyt ◽  
Jesús F. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Description ◽  
Variable Versus

The industrial, work, and organizational (IWO) psychology domain might corroborate on new insights developed within the fundamental personality area, but also, vice versa, the personality field should also build upon applied research on individual differences. It is our conviction that these two fields developed too independently in the past. A selective number of issues and themes that cross the personality–IWO bridge are discussed that can be addressed in future research or implemented in professional practice, including processes explaining trait–performance relationships, trait assessment in the workplace, variable versus person centred approaches towards personality description, personality of teams and groups, and finally maladaptive personality functioning. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Running With Your Hair on Fire: Lessons Learned From Transitioning a National University Sales Competition From Face-to-Face to Virtual in 16 Days

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
Scott Inks ◽  
Kenyatta Barber ◽  
Terry W. Loe ◽  
Lukas P. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
National University ◽  
Virtual Sales

Since their inception, university sales competitions have been key learning and educational components of university sales education. Over the past two decades, the oldest and one of the largest sales competitions in the United States has been held in a face-to-face format. However, due to the educational environment created from the COVID-19 pandemic, this competition was forced to convert to a virtual format over a 16-day period. This research outlines the steps taken to convert this event to virtual format and presents insights for other universities endeavoring to produce virtual sales competition events. Finally, research implications and direction for future research are presented.

scholarly journals Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wilson ◽  
Kelci Harris ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Friendship Satisfaction

Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Modesta Rotella ◽  
Adam Maxwell Sparks ◽  
Sandeep Mishra ◽  
Pat Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Attempted Replication

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the ‘watching eyes’ effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered) interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.

scholarly journals On the Experience of Awaiting Uncertain News

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Sweeny
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
And Coping

At some point in life, everyone must wait for important news—whether the news from college applications, job interviews, medical tests, academic exams, or even romantic overtures. Until recently, the psychological literature on stress and coping had largely overlooked these common and often distressing experiences. However, the past 5 years have seen significant advances in the understanding of waiting experiences, revealing insights into the nature, time course, and consequences of distress during waiting periods; individual differences in these experiences; and effective and ineffective strategies for coping with this type of uncertainty. This article reviews the emerging findings from this growing literature and provides suggestions for future research in this area.

Student Learning in Physical Education Through the Lens of a “Curriculum Specialist”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senlin Chen ◽  
Alex Garn
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Curriculum Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Contributor ◽  
Curriculum Specialist

For decades, scholars in physical education pedagogy have done tremendous work to enlighten the research on student learning. Dr. Catherine D. Ennis was one of the leading experts in the past 3 decades (active contributor 1984–2017), who had a monumental impact on learning-related research in physical education. In this article, the authors synthesize Dr. Ennis’s scholarship on student learning in physical education, honoring her contributions to the field. They first define learning as a concept and learning in physical education and present how Ennis as a “curriculum specialist” viewed learning. They then cover Ennis’s insights and findings that originated from her series of impactful curriculum studies related to student engagement and learning and conclude by sharing lessons learned from Ennis’s scholarly wisdom for guiding future research in physical education pedagogy.

scholarly journals Lead Us (Not) into Temptation: Testing the Motivational Mechanisms Linking Honesty–Humility to Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Pascal J. Kieslich ◽  
Felix Henninger ◽  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Ingo Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
European Association ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
The Past ◽  
Person Game ◽  
Hexaco Model ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past decades, there has been considerable interest in individual differences in cooperative behaviour and how these can be explained. Whereas the Honesty–Humility dimension from the HEXACO model of personality has been identified as a consistent predictor of cooperation, the underlying motivational mechanisms of this association have remained unclear—especially given the confound between the temptation to exploit others and the fear of being exploited as motivational drivers of defection in social dilemmas. In a reanalysis and a new experiment, we tease apart these mechanisms by manipulating the rank order of pay–offs in a symmetric two–person game paradigm, essentially implementing the classic prisoner's dilemma, stag hunt, and chicken games. Results revealed that Honesty–Humility predicted cooperation specifically in the games in which temptation was a potential motivator of defection, whereas it did not account for cooperation in those games in which only fear implied defection. Our findings thereby shed light on the underlying motivational mechanisms of the Honesty–Humility–cooperation link and, more generally, demonstrate how economic games can be used to disentangle such mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0255531
Author(s):  
Amanda Rotella ◽  
Adam Maxwell Sparks ◽  
Sandeep Mishra ◽  
Pat Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Attempted Replication

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the ‘watching eyes’ effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered, interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.

scholarly journals Timeline of Translational Formulation Technologies for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned Therefrom

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pérez-López ◽  
Cristina Martín-Sabroso ◽  
Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez ◽  
Juan Aparicio-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Biodegradable Microspheres ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

Over the past few decades, the field of cancer therapy has seen a significant change in the way in which formulations are designed and developed, resulting in more efficient products that allow us to ultimately achieve improved drug bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. However, although many formulations have entered the market, many others have fallen by the wayside leaving the scientific community with several lessons to learn. The successes (and failures) achieved with formulations that have been approved in Europe and/or by the FDA for the three major types of cancer therapy (peptide-based therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) are reviewed herein, covering the period from the approval of the first prolonged-release system for hormonal therapy to the appearance of the first biodegradable microspheres intended for chemoembolization in 2020. In addition, those products that have entered phase III clinical trials that have been active over the last five years are summarized in order to outline future research trends and possibilities that lie ahead to develop clinically translatable formulations for cancer treatment.

Customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer value: years 2000-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haemoon Oh ◽  
Kawon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism

Purpose This paper aims to review hospitality and tourism research on customer satisfaction (CS), service quality (SQ) and customer value (CV) published in several established hospitality and tourism journals over the past 15-16 years. A parallel review of research on the same topics published in several leading marketing journals is also conducted to show comparisons in research trends across the two different, but closely related, fields of study. By doing so, this paper aims to summarize lessons learned from previous research and provide suggestions for future research on the topics in the hospitality and tourism discipline. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed 242 articles appearing in six selected hospitality and tourism journals and 71 articles in four business journals that were published on CS, SQ and CV over the period of 2000-2015. A comprehensive coding scheme was developed to sort each study by more than 50 criteria. Findings While research on these topics has grown constantly during the period in the hospitality and tourism field, it has declined in the general business discipline over the same period. Hospitality and tourism research relied heavily on cross-sectional data through a survey approach, whereas business studies used experimental designs more frequently. Research on CS has sustained both interest and productivity, but research on SQ and CV has dwindled over time. Another notable finding is that most studies are not grounded in strong theories, although CS studies tended to be more theory-embedded. Practical implications This study provides many useful insights into the research practice and trends of related research and suggestions for future research, especially for hospitality and tourism researchers. Originality/value This study provides an unprecedented, comprehensive review of theories, methods, discussion points, implications, limitations and conclusions of studies on CS, SQ and CV published in selected hospitality and tourism journals over the past 15 years.

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