Discrepancies between Implicit and Explicit Self–concepts of Intelligence Predict Performance on Tests of Intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike X. R. Dislich ◽  
Roland Imhoff ◽  
Rainer Banse ◽  
Christine Altstötter–Gleich ◽  
Axel Zinkernagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Three studies investigated the correspondence between implicit and explicit self–concepts of intelligence and how that correspondence is related to performance on different intelligence tests. Configurations of these two self–concepts were found to be consistently related to performance on intelligence tests in all three studies. For individuals who self–reported high intelligence (high explicit self–concept), a negative implicit self–concept (measured with the Implicit Association Test) led to a decrease in performance on intelligence tests. For participants whose self–report indicated a low self–concept of intelligence, positive automatic associations between the self and intelligence had a similar effect. In line with a stress hypothesis, the results indicate that any discrepant configuration of self–concepts will impair performance. Importantly, the prediction of performance on intelligence tests by the self–concept of intelligence was shown to be independent of self–esteem (Study 3). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

On the Role of the Implicit Self-Concept in Adult Attachment

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dewitte ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Ann Buysse
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Attachment Research

We report a study that was designed to investigate attachment-related differences in the implicit self-concept and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in the context of attachment research. Two variants of the IAT were used to assess implicit relational self-esteem and relational anxiety after stress induction. Results showed that both the relational self-esteem and relational anxiety IAT (1) were meaningfully related to individual differences in attachment style and (2) predicted cognitive and affective reactions to attachment-related distress in addition to and beyond self-report measures of attachment. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the IAT as an index of the implicit attachment self-concept.

scholarly journals A Unified Theory of Implicit Attitudes, Stereotypes, Self-Esteem, and Self-Concept

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Laurie Ann Rudman ◽  
Shelly D. Farnham ◽  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Affective Constructs ◽  
Widespread Interest

This theoretical integration of social psychology’s main cognitive and affective constructs was shaped by three influences: (a) recent widespread interest in automatic and implicit cognition, (b) development of the Implicit Association Test (IAT: Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), and (c) social psychology's consistency theories of the 1950s – especially Heider's (1958) balance theory. The balanced identity design is introduced as a method to test correlational predictions of the theory. Data obtained with this method revealed that predicted consistency patterns were strongly apparent in the data for implicit (IAT) measures, but not in those for parallel explicit (self-report) measures. Two additional not-yet-tested predictions of the theory are described.

Implicit collective self-esteem: A comparative analysis of Gelao and Han teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lyu ◽  
Ningjian Liang ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Rogelio Alejo Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we examined the differences in implicit collective self- esteem between Gelao and Han teenagers, using the Implicit Association Test. We also explored the relationship between participants' implicit and explicit collective self-esteem with the Implicit Association Test and the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Participants were 169 teenagers residing in Gelao regions in China. The results showed that both Gelao and Han participants had an implicit collective self-esteem effect (i.e., tended to associate their own ethnic group with positive words and the other ethnic group with negative words), and this effect was significantly higher among Gelao than among Han participants. Further, scores on the importance-to-identity subscale of the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem scale were significantly higher in the Gelao versus the Han group. The correlation coefficients between implicit and explicit collective self-esteem for both groups were very low. The significance of the study findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit association Self-concept test in studying of violence-related cognitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-186
Author(s):  
I.D. Plotka ◽  
L.V. Simane-Vigante ◽  
N.F. Blumenau
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

The aim of research: to investigate violence-related cognitions with Self-Concept implicit association test (IAT) and self-reported procedures for sentenced and not sentenced males. The research questions: Is there correspondence between the results of measuring implicit associations related to criminal violence using Self-Concept IAT and self-reported criminal attitudes towards violence among sentenced and not sentenced males? Is there a relationship between implicit associations of self with criminal violence measured by Self-Concept IAT and personality traits: psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion? Is there a relationship between self-reported attitudes towards criminal violence and these personality traits? Participants: 141 males. Groups: “Sentenced” — 77 prisoners, 20—62 years (Mdn = 34) undergoing sentence in high security prisons; “Not sentenced” — 64 previously not sentenced, 18—62 years (Mdn = 32). Violence Self-Concept IAT was specially designed. Self-reported procedures to measure criminal attitudes and personality traits were used. The correspondence between the results of implicit and explicit measurements was found under certain experimental conditions. The relationships between the personal traits and attitudes towards criminal violence measured by self-report procedures and IAT were revealed.

Experiences and Expectations in Evaluating Preparation for an Examination

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personal Optimism ◽  
Past Experiences

The predictability of the evaluation of preparing for an oral examination by means of self-concept and self-esteem as well as optimism and self-efficacy was investigated in a sample of 49 university students. Self-concept was measured by Frankfurter Selbstkonzeptskalen, self-esteem by the 16PF-O scale, personal optimism, social optimism, and self-efficacy by Fragebogen für Personalen Optimismus und Sozialen Optimismus—Erweitert, and the evaluation of the preparation by a self-report sheet. Data were collected 5 wk. before the examination. The self-report sheet was given again one week before the examination. Significant correlations of self-report scores with self-concept scores as well as 16PF-O scores representing past experiences were found for the first assessment. The correlations with personal optimism scores and self-efficacy scores representing expectations were also significant for the second assessment.

scholarly journals Using the Implicit Association Test to Assess Risk Propensity Self–Concept: Analysis of Its Predictive Validity on A Risk–Taking Behaviour in A Natural Setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Horcajo ◽  
Víctor J. Rubio ◽  
David Aguado ◽  
José Manuel Hernández ◽  
M. Oliva Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Indirect Measures

The present work analyses the predictive validity of measures provided by several available self–report and indirect measurement instruments to assess risk propensity (RP) and proposes a measurement instrument using the Implicit Association Test: the IAT of Risk Propensity Self–Concept (IAT–RPSC), an adaptation of the prior IAT–RP of Dislich et al. Study 1 analysed the relationship between IAT–RPSC scores and several RP self–report measures. Participants’ risk–taking behaviour in a natural setting was also assessed, analyzing the predictive validity of the IAT–RPSC scores on risk–taking behaviour compared with the self–report measures. Study 2 analysed the predictive validity of the IAT–RPSC scores in comparison with other indirect measures. Results of these studies showed that the IAT–RPSC scores exhibited good reliability and were positively correlated to several self–report and indirect measures, providing evidence for convergent validity. Most importantly, the IAT–RPSC scores predicted risk–taking behaviour in a natural setting with real consequences above and beyond all other self–report and indirect measures analysed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Implicit Association Test

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Frederick L. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Recent theoretical and methodological innovations suggest a distinction between automatic and controlled evaluative processes. We report a construct validation investigation of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of attitudes. In Study 1, a composite of 57 unique studies (total N=13,165), correlated two-factor (implicit and explicit attitudes) structural models fit the data better than single-factor (attitude) models for each of 57 different domains (e.g., cats-dogs). In Study 2, we distinguished attitude and method factors with a multitrait-multimethod design: N=287 participants were measured on both self-report and IAT for up to seven attitude domains. With systematic method variance accounted for, a correlated two-factor-per-attitude- contrast model was again superior to a single-factor-per-attitude specification. We conclude that these implicit and explicit measures assess related but distinct attitude constructs.

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