Insulin-Sensitizing and Beneficial Lipid-Metabolic Effects of the Water-Soluble Melanin Complex Extracted fromInonotus obliquus

The drone brood contains a large number of substances with antioxidant activity. These substances require stabilization and strict adherence to storage conditions. Among these substances are unique decenoic acids, the content of which is an indicator of the quality of drone brood and products based on it. The ability of drone brood to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress is shown. There are dietary supplements for food and drugs based on drone brood, which are used for a wide range of diseases. Together with drone brood, chitosan-containing products, propolis, royal jelly can be used. They enrich the composition with their own biologically active substances and affect the preservation of the biologically active substances of the drone brood. Promising are the products containing, in addition to the drone brood, a chitin-chitosan-melanin complex from bees, propolis, royal jelly. The chitin-chitosan-melanin complex in the amount of 5% in the composition of the adsorbent practically does not affect the preservation of decenic acids, while in the amount of 2% and 10% it somewhat worsens. The acid-soluble and water-soluble chitosan of marine crustaceans significantly worsens the preservation of decenoic acids in the product. Drone brood with royal jelly demonstrates a rather high content of decenoic acids. When propolis is introduced into the composition of the product, the content of decenoic acids increases according to the content of propolis.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency: metabolic effects, clinical evaluation, and treatment

Revista de Medicina da UFC ◽

10.20513/2447-6595.2019v59n2p40-49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Synara Cavalcante Lopes ◽

Daniel Duarte Gadelha ◽

Manuela Dias de Carvalho ◽

Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes ◽

Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

The Body ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Composition Changes

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble essential micronutrient, required by all the body cells. Its deficiency has been implicated not only in hematological and neurological disorders, but also in many metabolic processes, such as insulin resistance and body composition changes, which have aroused particular interest in recent years. This study reviews the physiology of vitamin B12 from its digestion and absorption to its distribution in tissues, metabolic effects and controversies regarding the diagnosis of deficiency, and to dietary and pharmacological treatments.

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Oat β-glucan: physico-chemical characteristics in relation to its blood-glucose and cholesterol-lowering properties

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (S2) ◽

pp. S4-S13 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Peter R. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Solution Rheology ◽

And Storage

The water-soluble, mixed-linkage β-glucan, a form of soluble dietary fibre, is considered the main biologically active component responsible for the capacity of many oat products to lower postprandial glycaemia and fasting plasma cholesterol in human subjects. The present review discusses the physical and chemical properties of oat β-glucan that are considered important predictors of these beneficial metabolic effects.In vitromodelling and animal and human studies have provided compelling evidence showing that the ability of oat β-glucan to increase the viscosity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a primary determinant of its blood-glucose and cholesterol-lowering properties. Therefore, the chemical structure, molecular weight (MW), the rate and extent of dissolution and solution rheology of oat β-glucan are key factors in determining the physiological function of oat-containing foods. The structure and properties of oat β-glucan vary between species and varieties of oats, and are also affected by the growing and storage conditions and processing of oat grain. In addition, the extraction and analysis methods may also contribute to the variations in the structure, MW, hydration and solution rheology of β-glucan obtained from different laboratories. Recent work has demonstrated that β-glucan solubility in foods depends on the source of the material and processing conditions; solubility may also be subject to changes during food preparation and storage (such as freezing). In conclusion, both the amount and MW of β-glucan that are solubilised in the GIT need to be considered when assessing the blood-glucose and cholesterol-lowering properties of oat-containing foods.

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Profil Glukosa Darah pada Wanita Usia 31 – 45 Tahun dan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Nasi Jagung di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang

JURNAL GIZI DAN KESEHATAN ◽

10.35473/jgk.v12i1.77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Umi Novianingtyas ◽

Sugeng Maryanto ◽

Indri Mulyasari

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Glucose Profile ◽

Glucose Profiles ◽

Blood Glucose Profile

Nasi jagung contains water soluble fiber in the form of gum and pectin which affects of gastric emptying and metabolic effects. Nasi Jagung is one source of fiber that can control blood glucose levels. This research aims to knowing the relationship between nasi jagung consumption habits and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo village Pringapus district Semarang Regency. This study was cross sectional. Population was women aged 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus Subdistrict Semarang Regency as many as 78 people. Determined by purposive sampling technique. The habit of corn rice consumption was measured by the Semi Quantitative FFQ interview. Blood glucose profiles were measured using a glucometer. Data analysis was using Kendall tau correlation test (α = 0.05). Most of the respondents (77,2%) eat nasi jagung in occasionally category, (19,3%) in constantly category, and (3,5%) never eat nasi jagung in previous month. Most of the respondent’s blood glucose profiles were normal (93,0%). (5,2%) prediabets and (1,8%) hypoglycemia. There was no correlation between the habits of nasi jagung consumption and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus District Semarang Regency (p = 0.847). There was no correlation between the habits of nasi jagung consumption and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus District Semarang Regency. Abstrak : Nasi Jagung memiliki kandungan serat larut air berupa gum dan pektin yang berpengaruh pada waktu pengosongan lambung dan efek metabolik. Sehingga nasi jagung menjadi salah satu sumber serat yang dapat mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh wanita usia 31 – 45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang sebanyak 78 orang. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung diukur dengan wawancara FFQ Semi Quantitative. Profil glukosa darah diukur menggunakan alat glukometer. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi kendall tau (α = 0.05). Sebagian besar responden memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung kategori kadang-kadang yaitu sebesar (77,2%), sisanya kategori selalu/sering sebesar (19,3%), dan tidak pernah sebesar (3,5%). Profil glukosa darah responden sebagian besar kategori normal yaitu (93,0%). (5,2%) prediabetes dan (1,8%) hipoglikemia. Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang (p=0.847). Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang.

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A Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin as an Embedding Material for Electron Microscopy of Membranes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006355x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 328-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. G. Robertson ◽

D. F. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Neutral Lipids ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽

Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽

Major Disadvantage ◽

Cell Organization

The extraction of lipids from tissues during fixation and embedding for electron microscopy is widely recognized as a source of possible artifact, especially at the membrane level of cell organization. Lipid extraction is also a major disadvantage in electron microscope autoradiography of radioactive lipids, as in studies of the uptake of radioactive fatty acids by intestinal slices. Retention of lipids by fixation with osmium tetroxide is generally limited to glycolipids, phospholipids and highly unsaturated neutral lipids. Saturated neutral lipids and sterols tend to be easily extracted by organic dehydrating reagents prior to embedding. Retention of the more saturated lipids in embedded tissue might be achieved by developing new cross-linking reagents, by the use of highly water soluble embedding materials or by working at very low temperatures.

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Ferritin Labeled Antibody Staining of Thin Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100064013 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 420-421

Author(s):

J. D. McLean ◽

S. J. Singer

Keyword(s):

Biological Material ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Antibody Staining ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Ultrathin Sections

The successful application of ferritin labeled antibodies (F-A) to ultrathin sections of biological material has been hampered by two main difficulties. Firstly the normally used procedures for the preparation of material for thin sectioning often result in a loss of antigenicity. Secondly the polymers employed for embedding may non-specifically absorb the F-A. Our earlier use of cross-linked polyampholytes as embedding media partially overcame these problems. However the water-soluble monomers used for this method still extract many lipids from the material.

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Microprobe analysis of inclusion bodies related to two benzofuran derivatives

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127785 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 672-673

Author(s):

T. L. Benning ◽

P. Ingram ◽

J. D. Shelburne

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

High Dose ◽

En Bloc ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Dense Inclusion ◽

Melanin Complex

Two benzofuran derivatives, chlorpromazine and amiodarone, are known to produce inclusion bodies in human tissues. Prolonged high dose chlorpromazine therapy causes hyperpigmentation of the skin with electron-dense inclusion bodies present in dermal histiocytes and endothelial cells ultrastructurally. The nature of the deposits is not known although a drug-melanin complex has been hypothesized. Amiodarone may also cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation and lamellar lysosomal inclusion bodies have been demonstrated within the cells of multiple organ systems. These lamellar bodies are believed to be the product of an amiodarone-induced phospholipid storage disorder. We performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) on tissue samples from patients treated with these drugs, attempting to detect the sulfur atom of chlorpromazine and the iodine atom of amiodarone within their respective inclusion bodies.A skin biopsy from a patient with hyperpigmentation due to prolonged chlorpromazine therapy was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed without osmium tetroxide or en bloc uranyl acetate for Epon embedding.

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The Effect of Benzene on Bluegill Olfactory Lamellae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011965x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

D.R. Mattie ◽

J.W. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Lepomis Macrochirus ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Jet Fuels ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Normal Surface ◽

Cacodylate Buffer

Jet fuels such as JP-4 can be introduced into the environment and come in contact with aquatic biota in several ways. Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated JP-4 toxicity to fish. Benzene is the major constituent of the water soluble fraction of JP-4. The normal surface morphology of bluegill olfactory lamellae was examined in conjunction with electrophysiology experiments. There was no information regarding the ultrastructural and physiological responses of the olfactory epithelium of bluegills to acute benzene exposure.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of benzene on the surface morphology of the nasal rosettes of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegills were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 7.7±0.2ppm (+S.E.M.) benzene for five, ten or fourteen days. Nasal rosettes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.25mM calcium chloride. Specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.

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An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141299 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 984-985

Author(s):

H. J. Arnott ◽

M. A. Webb ◽

L. E. Lopez

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽

Oxalate Crystals ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Sem Study ◽

The Matrix ◽

Crystal Cells ◽

Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

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Characterization of Chemical Impurities in Glutaraldehyde

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116723 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 620-621

Author(s):

B. J. Grenon ◽

A. J. Tousimis

Keyword(s):

Glutaric Acid ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Aldol Condensation ◽

Condensation Product ◽

Amorphous Solid ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Impurity Component ◽

Chemical Impurities ◽

Soluble Liquid

Ever since the introduction of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in electron microscopy of biological specimens, the identification of impurities and consequently their effects on biologic ultrastructure have been under investigation. Several reports postulate that the impurities of glutaraldehyde, used as a fixative, are glutaric acid, glutaraldehyde polymer, acrolein and glutaraldoxime.Analysis of commercially available biological or technical grade glutaraldehyde revealed two major impurity components, none of which has been reported. The first compound is a colorless, water-soluble liquid with a boiling point of 42°C at 16 mm. Utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis, this compound has been identified to be — dihydro-2-ethoxy 2H-pyran. This impurity component of the glutaraldehyde biological or technical grades has an UV absorption peak at 235nm. The second compound is a white amorphous solid which is insoluble in water and has a melting point of 80-82°C. Initial chemical analysis indicates that this compound is an aldol condensation product(s) of glutaraldehyde.

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