Computer‐aided porous implant design for cranio‐maxillofacial defect restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Enpeng Wang ◽  
Haochen Shi ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Constantinus Politis ◽  
Lin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implant Design ◽  
Porous Implant ◽  
Computer Aided

scholarly journals Experimental & FEM Analysis of Orthodontic Mini-Implant Design on Primary Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5461
Author(s):  
Elmedin Mešić ◽  
Enis Muratović ◽  
Lejla Redžepagić-Vražalica ◽  
Nedim Pervan ◽  
Adis J. Muminović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Computer Aided

The main objective of this research is to establish a connection between orthodontic mini-implant design, pull-out force and primary stability by comparing two commercial mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices, Tomas®-pin and Perfect Anchor. Mini-implant geometric analysis and quantification of bone characteristics are performed, whereupon experimental in vitro pull-out test is conducted. With the use of the CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) CAD (Computer Aided Design)/CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)/CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) system, 3D (Three-dimensional) geometric models of mini-implants and bone segments are created. Afterwards, those same models are imported into Abaqus software, where finite element models are generated with a special focus on material properties, boundary conditions and interactions. FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis is used to simulate the pull-out test. Then, the results of the structural analysis are compared with the experimental results. The FEM analysis results contain information about maximum stresses on implant–bone system caused due to the pull-out force. It is determined that the core diameter of a screw thread and conicity are the main factors of the mini-implant design that have a direct impact on primary stability. Additionally, stresses generated on the Tomas®-pin model are lower than stresses on Perfect Anchor, even though Tomas®-pin endures greater pull-out forces, the implant system with implemented Tomas®-pin still represents a more stressed system due to the uniform distribution of stresses with bigger values.

Cranioplasty with the Medpor porous polyethylene Flexblock implant

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Couldwell ◽  
Thomas C. Chen ◽  
Martin H. Weiss ◽  
Takanori Fukushima ◽  
William Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Porous Polyethylene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosmetic Results ◽  
Cranial Defect ◽  
Porous Implant ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors describe the use of a porous polyethylene Flexblock implant for cosmetic cranioplasty. The implant may be used to cover any small- or medium-sized (< 8 cm) cranial defect, offering similar cosmetic results to standard alloplast cranioplasty while decreasing operation time. The porous implant design permits ingrowth of soft tissue and bone to increase implant strength and decrease the risk of infection. The Flexblock alloplast has been utilized in 25 cases with excellent cosmetic results and no implant-related complications.

BIOMODELLING OF CRANIO-MAXILLOFACIAL IMPLANT APPLYING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johari Yap Abdullah ◽  
Zainul Ahmad Rajion ◽  
Marzuki Omar
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Computer Aided

Advances in craniofacial medical imaging has allowed the 3D reconstruction of anatomical structures for medical applications, including the design of patient specific implants based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) platforms. This technology has provided new possibilities to visualize complex medical data through generation of 3–dimensional (3D) physical models via additive manufacturing that can be eventually utilised to assist in diagnosis, surgical planning, implant design, and patient management. Although the study on the construction of cranio-maxillofacial implant based on computer modelling and advanced biomaterial are growing rapidly from other parts of the world, however, in Malaysia is scanty, especially with open source application. For this reason, it leads us to embark in a study to produce a potential locally cranio-maxillofacial implant with equivalent standard as compared to the commercially available product applying open source software. As part of four sub-projects of USM Research University Team (RUT) project, the authors had investigated and applied open source software to perform image processing of CT data, to segment the region of interest of anatomical structures, to create virtual 3D models, and finally to convert the virtual 3D models to a format that compatible for additive manufacturing platform. Further research is ongoing to investigate on designing the cranio-maxillofacial implant using open source CAD software using suitable biomaterial.  

Hip Implant Design With Three-Dimensional Porous Architecture of Optimized Graded Density

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjun Wang ◽  
Sajad Arabnejad ◽  
Michael Tanzer ◽  
Damiano Pasini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Hip Implant ◽  
Porous Implant ◽  
Porous Architecture

Even in a well-functioning total hip replacement, significant peri-implant bone resorption can occur secondary to stress shielding. Stress shielding is caused by an undesired mismatch of elastic modulus between the stiffer implant and the adjacent bone tissue. To address this problem, we present here a microarchitected hip implant that consists of a three-dimensional (3D) graded lattice material with properties that are mechanically biocompatible with those of the femoral bone. Asymptotic homogenization (AH) is used to numerically determine the mechanical and fatigue properties of the implant, and a gradient-free scheme of topology optimization is used to find the optimized relative density distribution of the porous implant under multiple constraints dictated by implant micromotion, pore size, porosity, and minimum manufacturable thickness of the cell elements. Obtained for a 38-year-old patient femur, bone resorption is assessed by the difference in strain energy between the implanted bone and the intact bone in the postoperative conditions. The numerical results suggest that bone loss for the optimized porous implant is only 42% of that of a fully solid implant, here taken as benchmark, and 79% of that of a porous implant with uniform density. The architected hip implant presented in this work shows clinical promise in reducing bone loss while preventing implant micromotion, thereby contributing to reduce the risk of periprosthetic fracture and the probability of revision surgery.

scholarly journals Computer-aided implant design for the restoration of cranial defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Jan Egger
Keyword(s):  
Implant Design ◽  
Computer Aided

Rapid prototyping in the intervertebral implant design process

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Domanski ◽  
Konstanty Skalski ◽  
Roman Grygoruk ◽  
Adrian Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Computer Aided

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology of a design process of new lumbar intervertebral disc implants with specific emphasis on the use of rapid prototyping technologies. The verification of functionality of artificial intervertebral discs is also given. The paper describes the attempt and preliminary research to evaluate the properties of the intervertebral disc implant prototypes manufactured with the use of different rapid prototyping technologies, i.e. FDM – fused deposition modelling, 3DP – 3D printing and SLM – selective laser melting. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan data, the anatomical parameters of lumbar spine bone tissue were achieved, which were the bases for the design-manufacture process carried out with the use of computer-aided designing/computer-aided engineering/computer-aided manufacturing systems. In the intervertebral disc implant design process, three RP technologies: FDM, 3DP and SLM were used for solving problems related to the reconstruction of geometry and functionality of the disc. Some preliminary tests such as measurement of roughness and structural analyses of material of prototypes made by different prototyping technologies were performed. Findings – This paper allowed the authors to elaborate and patent two new intervertebral disc implants. Because the implant designs are parametrical ones with relation to lumbar bone tissue properties measured on CT scans, they can be also made for individual patients. We also compared some of the properties of intervertebral implants prototypes made with the use of FDM, 3DP and SLM technologies. Originality/value – The paper presents the new intervertebral disc implants and their manufacturing by rapid prototyping. The methodology of designing intervertebral disc implant is shown. Some features of the methodology make it useful for preoperative planning of intervertebral disc surgery, as well.

Simulation-Based Design of Orthopedic Trauma Implants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Arnone ◽  
Carol V. Ward ◽  
Gregory J. Della Rocca ◽  
Brett D. Crist ◽  
A. Sherif El-Gizawy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Virtual Surgery ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Computer Aided

A computer-aided simulation model is developed to aid in the design and optimization of orthopaedic trauma implants. The developed model uses digital imaging, computer-aided solid modeling, and finite element methods in order to study the effects of various geometric parameters of fixation devices in orthopedic surgery practice. The results of the present simulation model would lead to the determination of the optimum implant design that provides the best match with the geometry of the human femur — reducing the risk of over-stressing bone tissue during implant insertion. The effectiveness of the presented simulation model is demonstrated through the design of intramedullary (IM) nails used in treating femoral shaft fractures. CT scans were taken of forty intact human femora. A technique was developed in order to digitally reconstruct the scans into 3D solid models using image segmentation, surface simplification, and smoothing methods while maintaining accurate representation of the original scans. Each resulting surface model is characterized by a network of nearly equilateral triangles of approximately the same size allowing for quality finite element meshing. Femoral lengths, curvature, shaft diameters, and location of maximum curvature were then quantified. An average geometric model was then generated for the investigated sample by averaging corresponding nodal coordinates in each femur model. Using the average model, a length-standardized function representing the curvature of the medullary canal was derived to create a geometrically optimized IM nail for the entire sample. “Virtual surgery” simulating the insertion process was then performed using finite element methods in order to validate the proposed optimal IM nail design. The results of both the optimum nail and a current nail were compared using the femur having the highest curvature in the sample. The present study shows that the developed simulation model leads to a nail design that reduces the insertion-induced stress within the femur to an acceptable level compared to current nails.

scholarly journals Anatomic Customization of Root-Analog Dental Implants With Cone-Beam CT and CAD/CAM Fabrication: A Cadaver-Based Pilot Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary P. Evans ◽  
Walter G. Renne ◽  
Thierry R. Bacro ◽  
Anthony S. Mennito ◽  
Mark E. Ludlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Aided Design

Existing root-analog dental implant systems have no standardized protocols regarding retentive design, surface manipulation, or prosthetic attachment design relative to the site's unique anatomy. Historically, existing systems made those design choices arbitrarily. For this report, strategies were developed that deliberately reference the adjacent anatomy, implant and restorable path of draw, and bone density for implant and retentive design. For proof of concept, dentate arches from human cadavers were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography and then digitally modeled. Teeth of interest were virtually extracted and manipulated via computer-aided design to generate root-analog implants from zirconium. We created a stepwise protocol for analyzing and developing the implant sites, implant design and retention, and prosthetic emergence and connection all from the pre-op cone-beam data. Root-analog implants were placed at the time of extraction and examined radiographically and mechanically concerning ideal fit and stability. This study provides proof of concept that retentive root-analog implants can be produced from cone-beam data while improving fit, retention, safety, esthetics, and restorability when compared to the existing protocols. These advancements may provide the critical steps necessary for clinical relevance and success of immediately placed root-analog implants. Additional studies are necessary to validate the model prior to clinical trial.

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

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