scholarly journals Concise Review: The Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrix Regulates Tissue Homeostasis and Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca M. R. Witjas ◽  
Bernard M. van den Berg ◽  
Cathelijne W. van den Berg ◽  
Marten A. Engelse ◽  
Ton J. Rabelink
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Concise Review

Naturally Produced Extracellular Matrix Is an Excellent Substrate for Canine Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Resistance to Shear Stress on PTFE Vascular Grafts

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 1392-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schneider ◽  
M Chandra ◽  
G Lazarovici ◽  
I Vlodavsky ◽  
G Merin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Ptfe Graft ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Endothelial Cell Attachment

SummaryPurpose: Successful development of a vascular prosthesis lined with endothelial cells (EC) may depend on the ability of the attached cells to resist shear forces after implantation. The present study was designed to investigate EC detachment from extracellular matrix (ECM) precoated vascular prostheses, caused by shear stress in vitro and to test the performance of these grafts in vivo. Methods: Bovine aortic endothelial cells were seeded inside untreated polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) vascular graft (10 X 0.6 cm), PTFE graft precoated with fibronectin (FN), or PTFE precoated with FN and a naturally produced ECM (106 cells/graft). Sixteen hours after seeding the medium was replaced and unattached cells counted. The strength of endothelial cell attachment was evaluated by subjecting the grafts to a physiologic shear stress of 15 dynes/cm2 for 1 h. The detached cells were collected and quantitated. PTFE or EC preseeded ECM coated grafts were implanted in the common carotid arteries of dogs. Results: While little or no differences were found in the extent of endothelial cell attachment to the various grafts (79%, 87% and 94% of the cells attached to PTFE, FN precoated PTFE, or FN+ECM precoated PTFE, respectively), the number of cells retained after a shear stress was significanly increased on ECM coated PTFE (20%, 54% and 85% on PTFE, FN coated PTFE, and FN+ECM coated PTFE, respectively, p <0.01). Implantation experiments in dogs revealed a significant increase in EC coverage and a reduced incidence of thrombus formation on ECM coated grafts that were seeded with autologous saphenous vein endothelial cells prior to implantation. Conclusion: ECM coating significantly increased the strength of endothelial cell attachment to vascular prostheses subjected to shear stress. The presence of adhesive macromolecules and potent endothelial cell growth promoting factors may render the ECM a promising substrate for vascular prostheses.

scholarly journals Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 activation by plasmin regulates a novel endothelial cell-mediated mechanism of collagen gel contraction and capillary tube regression in three-dimensional collagen matrices

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Davis ◽  
K.A. Pintar ◽  
Allen, R. Salazar ◽  
S.A. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Collagen Gel Contraction ◽  
Blocking Antibodies ◽  
Pai 1

Here, we describe a new function for plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is to regulate the regression of capillary tubes in three-dimensional extracellular matrix environments. Using a well-described capillary morphogenesis system in three-dimensional collagen matrices, a new model of capillary regression has been established by adding plasminogen to the culture medium. Plasminogen is converted to plasmin by endothelial cell plasminogen activators which then induces matrix metalloproteinase-dependent collagen gel contraction and capillary regression. Plasminogen addition results in activation of MMP-1 and MMP-9, which then results in collagen proteolysis followed by capillary regression. The endothelial cells undergo apoptosis following gel contraction as detected by flow cytometric analysis as well as by detectable caspase-3 cleavage and caspase-dependent cleavage of the actin cytoskeletal regulatory protein, gelsolin. In addition, directly correlating with the contraction response, tyrosine phosphorylation of p130cas, an adapter protein in the focal adhesion complex, is observed followed by disappearance of the protein. Proteinase inhibitors that block MMPs (TIMP-1 or TIMP-2), plasminogen activators (PAI-1) or plasmin (aprotinin) completely block the gel contraction and regression process. In addition, chemical inhibitors of MMPs that block capillary regression also block MMP-1 and MMP-9 activation suggesting that a key element in this regression response is the molecular control of MMP activation by endothelial cells. Blocking antibodies directed to MMP-1 or MMP-9 interfere with capillary regression while blocking antibodies directed to PAI-1 accelerate capillary regression suggesting that endogenous synthesis of PAI-1 negatively regulates this process. These data present a novel system to study a new mechanism that may regulate regression of capillary tubes, namely, plasmin and MMP-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix.

scholarly journals Endothelial Cell Seeding onto the Extracellular Matrix of Fibroblasts for the Development of a Small Diameter Polyurethane Vessel

ASAIO Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. M740-M745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Shin Lee ◽  
Dong Kook Park ◽  
Yong Bae Kim ◽  
Jeong Wook Seo ◽  
Kyu Back Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Endothelial Cell Seeding

PERTURBATION OF CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ALTERS CELLULAR VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR DISTRIBUTION

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Reinders ◽  
C L Verweii ◽  
J A V Mourlk ◽  
Ph G de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Endothelial cells, cultured from human umbilical veins, synthesize von Willebrand Factor (vWF), that is stored by the cells in Weibel-Palade bodies, secreted into the medium and incorporated into the extracellular matrix underneath the cells. We have studied the influence of perturbation by phorbol esters and thrombin on the cellular distribution of vWF. Short-term (< 1 hour) treatment of endothelial cells with phorbol ester PMA or thrombin resulted in the release of cellular stored vWF. Long-term treatment with perturbants evoked a distinct change in the endothelial cell distribution of vWF, evident 24 to 48 hours after exposure. While the contents of the vWF storage vesicles were gradually restored within 48 hours, enhanced amounts of vWF were secreted into the medium. However, PMA did not increase the endothelial cell contents of mRNA encoding for vWF. The number as well as the size of vWF storage granules in the cells increased after exposure to perturbants. The perturbed cells responded to stimuli in releasing stored vWF, the amounts secreted were even greater than those in control cells. The extracellular matrix lost its vWF contents as the result of PMA or thrombin treatment, by blocking deposition of vWF in the matrix, not by enhancing degradation of matrix vWF. In perfusion experiments, the adhesion of washed platelets onto the isolated matrix of perturbed cells was considerable less than that in controls. Addition of vWF to the perfusate overcame this impairment. Thus, perturbation of endothelial cells changes the cellular distribution of vWF.Supported in part by ZWO grants 13-30-31 and 13-90-91 and Netherlands Heart Foundation grant 28.004.

IS THE ENDOTHELIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX THROMBOGENIC OR THROMBORESISTANT? EFFECT OF PREPARATION AND 13-HODE LEVELS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Buchanan ◽  
E Bastida ◽  
J Aznar-Salatti ◽  
P de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Static Conditions

It is generally thought that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is thrombogenic.However,one of us (MRB) has reported that the ECM is thromboresistant,and postulated that this was due to the release of endothelial cell (EC) 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) into the ECM. To test this possibility, we measured platelet adhesion (PLT ADH) onto cultured ECs and their ECMs exposed by 3 methods. We also extracted the ECMs for HPLC analysis of 13-HODE.PLT ADH was expressed as i)adhesion of 3H-adenine labelled platelets/mm2 of ECs or ECMs under static conditions, and ii) % surface^ area coverage measured morphometrically following 5"perfusion with citrated whole blood at 1300 sec-1 in the flat chamber.ECMs were prepared by removing the EC monolayers by freeze thawing , cellulose acetate stripping or NH4OH treatment. PLT ADH to ECs under static and flow conditions were 4700±240/mm2 and 0.1%, respectively, and were associated with 12,6± 1 pg of 13-HODE/mm2 of EC surface (M+SEM). Removal of the ECs by freeze thawing or stripping, resulted in a 18% and 25% increase in PLT ADH to the ECM,under static and flow conditions respectively, and a 80% decrease in ECM associated 13-HODE level. Removal of the EC by NH4OH resulted in a 380% and 770% increase in PLT ADH to the ECM in static and flow conditions. 13-HODE was undetectable.These data support the hypothesis that 13-HODE released from ECs influences the ECM thrombogenecity, and indicate that the residual amounts of components present in the ECMs following EC removal is influenced by the method of ECM preparation.

Influence of extracellular matrix in tumor necrosis factor-induced increase in endothelial permeability

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. L627-L633 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Partridge ◽  
C. J. Horvath ◽  
P. J. Del Vecchio ◽  
P. G. Phillips ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Intercellular Gaps

We examined the possibility that alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced increase in endothelial monolayer permeability. Endothelial permeability to 125I-labeled albumin was determined using bovine pulmonary microvessel endothelial cell (BPMVE) monolayers grown to confluence on microporous (0.8 microns diam) gelatin- and fibronectin-coated polycarbonate filters. Treatment of BPMVE with TNF-alpha (10(2) to 10(4) U/ml for 4–24 h) produced concentration- and time-dependent increases in endothelial permeability that paralleled the changes in morphology from cobblestone to elongated cells and the formation of prominent intercellular gaps and actin stress fibers. We examined the role of ECM in these changes using filters coated with ECM made by the BPMVE. Fresh BPMVE seeded onto filters coated with ECM produced by TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE had two- to threefold higher 125I-albumin permeability values than BPMVE monolayers seeded onto filters coated with ECM from control cells (P < 0.05). BPMVE seeded onto ECM from TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE also developed intercellular gaps and centralized actin filaments characteristic of the TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE. This effect was not attributable to TNF-alpha adsorbed to ECM. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ECM extracted from BPMVE treated with TNF-alpha showed decreased fibronectin. These findings suggest that the TNF-alpha-induced increase in endothelial permeability involves the loss of fibronectin and remodeling of the ECM. The increase in endothelial permeability may be secondary to decreased endothelial cell-ECM contacts resulting in elongation of cells and formation of intercellular gaps.

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