scholarly journals Mediation of perceived stress and cortisol in the association between neuroticism and global cognition in older adults:a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Montoliu ◽  
Matías M. Pulopulos ◽  
Sara Puig‐Pérez ◽  
Vanesa Hidalgo ◽  
Alicia Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Global Cognition

Sleep duration, sleep problems and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline De Looze ◽  
Joanne C Feeney ◽  
Siobhan Scarlett ◽  
Rebecca Hirst ◽  
Silvin P Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Changes

Abstract Study Objectives This study examines the cross-sectional and two-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults. Methods 417 adults (aged 68.8±7.3; 54% women) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing completed an interview, a questionnaire and multiparametric brain MRI. The relationships between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress and total hippocampal volume were examined by using ordinary least squares regressions. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the relationships between sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress, changes in these measures over two-years and hippocampal subfield volumes. Results No cross-sectional and follow-up associations between sleep and total hippocampal volume and between stress and total hippocampal volume were found. By contrast, Long sleep (≥9-10 hours / night) was associated with smaller volumes of molecular layer, hippocampal tail, presubiculum and subiculum. The co-occurrence of Short sleep (≤6 hours) and perceived stress was associated with smaller cornu ammonis 1, molecular layer, subiculum and tail. Sleep problems independently and in conjunction with higher stress, and increase in sleep problems over 2 years were associated with smaller volumes of these same subfields. Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of concurrently assessing sub-optimal sleep and stress for phenotyping individuals at risk of hippocampal subfield atrophy.

scholarly journals High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Haiping Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Miao ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Huiying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of perceived stress and cortisol responses in an undergraduate student population from India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Batabyal ◽  
Anindita Bhattacharya ◽  
Maria Thaker ◽  
Shomen Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Psychological Parameters

AbstractYoung adults entering into college experience immense shifts in both personal and professional environments and this may result in some of them experiencing a lot of stress and difficulty in coping with their new surroundings. Such potentially stressful events may trigger multiple psychological as well as physiological effects. The current study investigated multiple psychological parameters such as PSS14 (Perceived Stress Scale), K10 (distress scale) and positive mood measures, along with salivary cortisol levels, in a repeated measures longitudinal study of first year students (~ 19 years of age) enrolled at a residential college in India. Six salivary cortisol samples were collected over a one-year period from 20 students. On each sampling day, a questionnaire designed to evaluate (K10, PSS14 and Mood) psychological parameters was also administered.Overall, men showed a significantly lower level of salivary cortisol compared to women. Men also showed a decrease in perceived stress (PSS14) and distress (K10) with time. However, women reported similar perceived stress and distress levels all year round. Academic stress was reported by the students to be the most important stressor, whereas financial stress was reported the least number of times by all participants. Our results suggest that men seem to have a better capability to adjust to the new environment of a residential program with time. In contrast, women show an elevation in salivary cortisol at the end of the semester (the final assessment stage) in spite of a continuous assessment curricular design. This study not only provides an important glimpse into the sex differences in stress response in the first one year of joining an undergraduate program, but it also provides a valuable longitudinal dataset from the Indian undergraduate student cohort which is lacking in literature.

scholarly journals Associations between self-reported changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviors and changes in mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Cillian McDowell ◽  
Mark Ward ◽  
Christine McGarrigle ◽  
Aisling O'Halloran ◽  
Sarah Gibney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Do It Yourself

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and containment strategies employed to limit its spread have profoundly impacted daily life. Emerging evidence shows that mental health worsened compared to pre-pandemic trends. In this study, we examine associations of self-reported changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviors with mental health changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among older Irish adults. Methods: This study used data from Wave 5 (2018) and the COVID-19 study (July–November 2020) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; Perceived stress, using the 4‐item Perceived Stress Scale. Participants reported perceived changes in participation in physical activities and sedentary behaviours before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Linear regressions examined separate associations between changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviours and changes in perceived stress/depressive symptoms. Adjustment included demographics, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, chronic diseases and stress/depressive symptoms at Wave 5. Results: Among 2,645 participants (mean age, 68.2yrs; 56% female), 19.5% (95%CI: 18.2–20.9) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to before the pandemic, reduced and no exercise at home and walking were associated with increased depressive symptoms and stress. A reduction in home DIY (do it yourself) was also associated with both depression and stress while doing no DIY at all was associated with increased stress but not depressive symptoms (all p<.05). Reduced hobbies and reading were associated with higher depressive symptoms, and both reduced and increased screen time were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Greater decreases in mental health were seen among those who reported negative changes in their physical and sedentary activities. These findings have important implications for mental health care both as we transition back to normal life and for responses to future pandemics.

scholarly journals The Association Between Dietary Pattern Adherence, Cognitive Stimulating Lifestyle, and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults From the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Parrott ◽  
Pierre-Hugues Carmichael ◽  
Danielle Laurin ◽  
Carol E Greenwood ◽  
Nicole D Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Primary Effect ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Objectives This study examined the effect of dietary patterns and engagement in cognitive stimulating lifestyle (CSL) behaviors on the trajectory of global cognition, executive function (EF), and verbal episodic memory (VEM). Methods Western and prudent dietary patterns were empirically derived using food frequency questionnaire responses from 350 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 73.7 years) participating in the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging. CSL was represented by a binary composite indicator based on education, occupational complexity, and social engagement. Global cognition, EF, and VEM were assessed prospectively. Results Primary effect models revealed an association between higher Western dietary pattern score and a greater rate of decline in global cognition and EF. Higher Western dietary pattern adherence was also associated with poorer baseline VEM. Primary effect models also revealed that CSL was independently associated with baseline global cognition and EF. Effect modification models suggested an interactive effect between Western dietary pattern and CLS on global cognition only. No associations were found for prudent dietary pattern score. Discussion Contributing to existing research supporting the negative impact of consuming an unhealthy diet on cognitive function, the current study suggests increased vulnerability among older adults who do not engage in a CSL. These findings can inform the development of lifestyle intervention programs that target brain health in later adulthood.

scholarly journals Stress Among Bachelor Physical Therapy Students in Israel during Clinical Practice and Its Association with Academic Achievements– Results of a Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Jacob ◽  
Ofira Einstein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Physical Therapy Students ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Relationship

Purposes: This study aimed 1) to evaluate perceived stress of a cohort of bachelor physical therapy (PT) students from Ariel University in Israel across three clinical practice periods; 2) to evaluate the relationship between perceived stress and academic achievements; 3) to evaluate the relationship between students' perceived stress and clinical practice periods' order and content; and 4) to identify clinical and socio-demographic variables related to perceived stress. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among a cohort of undergraduate PT students during their first, second, and third clinical practice assignments. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. The Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS) and the Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS) were used to evaluate perceived stress. A ten-degree Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate perceived difficulty. Students' grade point averages from the first three years of study were considered academic achievements. An ANOVA was used to evaluate the relationship between perceived stress and academic achievements, and between clinical practice order and area and the socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A total of 39 undergraduate physical therapy students participated in the study. The degrees of PSS and SAAS were higher than those reported previously in undergraduate PT students. Perceived stress was not related to academic achievement, clinical practice order or area, or to socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Participation in clinical practice in general might be a stressful situation, but no specific clinical or socio-demographic factors that might be a source of higher levels of perceived stress were identified. As undergraduate students are away from the campus during clinical practice periods, it is suggested that clinical instructors, who are in daily contact with the students, should receive guidance regarding the ways to identify individuals who present signs of increased stress and the types of strategies that can help students cope with stress in real time.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Associations between Short or Long Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianian Hua ◽  
Hongpeng Sun ◽  
Qi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractIMPORTANCEThe bidirectional association between sleep duration and cognitive function has not been conclusively demonstrated.OBJECTIVETo investigate the longitudinal association between sleep duration and cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly Chinese participants.Design, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA national representative and prospective longitudinal study in China. 7984 participants aged 45 years and above were assessed at baseline between June 2011 and March 2012 (wave 1) and 2013 (wave 2), 2015 (wave 3) and 2018 (wave4).MAIN OUCOMES AND MEASURESSelf-reported nighttime sleep duration was evaluated by interview. Cognitive function was evaluated via assessments of global cognition, which reflected the ability of episodic memory, visuospatial construction, calculation, orientation and attention.ResultsRegarding the 7984 participants in wave 4, the mean (SD) age was 64.7 (8.4), 3862 (48.4) were male, and 6453 (80.7) lived in rural area. There were 14981, 11768 (78.6%), 10192 (68.0%), 7984 (53.3%) participants in the four waves of the study, respectively. Latent growth models showed both sleep duration and global cognition worsen over time. Cross-lagged models indicated that long or short sleep duration in the previous wave was associated lower global cognition in the next wave (standardized β=-0.066; 95%CI: −0.073, −0.059; P<0.001; Wave 1 to 2), and lower global cognition in the previous wave was associated with long or short sleep duration in the next wave (standardized β=-0.106; 95%CI: −0.116, −0.096; P<0.001; Wave 1 to 2). Global cognition was probably the major driver in this reciprocal associations.CONCLUSIONS AND REVELANCEThere were bidirectional associations between long or short sleep duration and cognitive function. Lower cognitive function had a stronger association with worse cognitive function than the reverse. A moderate sleep duration is always recommended. Moreover, attention should be paid on the declined cognition and cognitive therapy among older adults with short or long sleep duration.

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