Textile Sensors: Silk Composite Electronic Textile Sensor for High Space Precision 2D Combo Temperature–Pressure Sensing (Small 31/2019)

For the immediate detection of gaseous strong acids, it is advantageous to employ colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes. Thus, a rhodamine dye with superior pH sensitivity and high thermal stability was synthesized and incorporated in nylon 6 and polyester fabrics to fabricate textile sensors through dyeing and printing methods. The spectral properties and solubility of the dye were examined; sensitivity to acidic gas as well as durability and reversibility of the fabricated textile sensors were investigated. Both dyed and printed sensors exhibited a high reaction rate and distinctive color change under the acidic condition owing to the high pH sensitivity of the dye. In addition, both sensors have outstanding durability and reversibility after washing and drying.

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All-fabric interconnection and one-stop production process for electronic textile sensors

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517516654108 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (12) ◽

pp. 1445-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jung-Sim Roh

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Production Method ◽

Base Layer ◽

Electronic Textiles ◽

Conductive Materials ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

One Stop ◽

External Forces ◽

Electronic Textile ◽

Electronic Technologies

This study developed and tested the development of an all-fabric interconnection and one-stop production process for electronic textiles that are combined with electronic technologies on textiles. Primarily, this is a one-stop production method for electronic textiles consisting of multilayer structured fabrics for implementation of electronic functions in which (1) precise circuit patterns are formed, (2) conductive materials or conductive circuits on each fabric layer are electrically connected, and (3) individual fabric layers are fixed to the base layer through embroidery, while fabric layers are layered one by one using a commercial computer numeric control embroidery machine. Since the multilayer fabric structured electronic textiles constructed have different layers of conductive materials connected electrically, quickly durably, and reliably through embroidery, (1) the electrically connected parts are not likely to be broken by external forces, (2) all parts to be connected to external devices are formed on one piece of fabric so that the work to connect the textiles to an external device is simple, and (3) workability and productivity are improved so that manufacturing costs can be reduced and the textiles can be mass produced. Therefore, this one-stop method using commercial machinery has great potential as a highly useful technology that can be implemented on an industrial scale.

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Modeling Fabric Movement for Future E-Textile Sensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20133735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3735

Author(s):

Roope Ketola ◽

Vigyanshu Mishra ◽

Asimina Kiourti

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensions ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Average Displacement ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

In The Wild ◽

Textile Sensor ◽

Joint Flexion ◽

Optimal Type

Studies with e-textile sensors embedded in garments are typically performed on static and controlled phantom models that do not reflect the dynamic nature of wearables. Instead, our objective was to understand the noise e-textile sensors would experience during real-world scenarios. Three types of sleeves, made of loose, tight, and stretchy fabrics, were applied to a phantom arm, and the corresponding fabric movement was measured in three dimensions using physical markers and image-processing software. Our results showed that the stretchy fabrics allowed for the most consistent and predictable clothing-movement (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm), followed by tight fabrics (up to −4.7 ± 0.2 cm), and loose fabrics (up to −3.6 ± 1.0 cm). In addition, the results demonstrated better performance of higher elasticity (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm) over lower elasticity (average displacement of up to −3.8 ± 0.3 cm) stretchy fabrics. For a case study with an e-textile sensor that relies on wearable loops to monitor joint flexion, our modeling indicated errors as high as 65.7° for stretchy fabric with higher elasticity. The results from this study can (a) help quantify errors of e-textile sensors operating “in-the-wild,” (b) inform decisions regarding the optimal type of clothing-material used, and (c) ultimately empower studies on noise calibration for diverse e-textile sensing applications.

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A self-protective, reproducible textile sensor with high performance towards human–machine interactions

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c9ta10744d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (46) ◽

pp. 26631-26640 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ling Zhang ◽

Jiang He ◽

Yusheng Liao ◽

Xuetao Zeng ◽

Nianxiang Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Human Machine Interaction ◽

Mechanical Durability ◽

Textile Sensor ◽

Electronic Textile ◽

Machine Interaction

A self-protective, reproducible electronic textile with desirable superlyophobicity, mechanical durability and high-sensitive performance for human-machine interaction.

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Impact of Manufacturing Variability and Washing on Embroidery Textile Sensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18113824 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 3824 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marc Martinez-Estrada ◽

Bahareh Moradi ◽

Raúl Fernández-Garcia ◽

Ignacio Gil

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Time Use ◽

User Needs ◽

Pure Silver ◽

Process Variability ◽

Moisture Sensor ◽

Sensor Performance ◽

Washing Process ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

Textile Sensor

In this work, an embroidered textile moisture sensor is presented. The sensor is based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed of 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a impedance meter (LCR) from 20 Hz to 20 kHz in a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 25% to 65% at 20 °C. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity. Moreover, the reproducibility of the sensor performance subject to the manufacturing process variability and washing process is also evaluated. The results show that the manufacturing variability introduces a moisture measurement error up to 4%. The washing process impact on the sensor behavior after applying the first washing cycle implies a sensitivity reduction higher than 14%. Despite these effects, the textile sensor keeps its functionality and can be reused in standard conditions. Therefore, these properties point out the usefulness of the proposed sensor to develop wearable applications within the health and fitness scope including when the user needs to have a life cycle longer than one-time use.

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Colorimetric Textile Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of NH3 and HCl Gases

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112595 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2595

Author(s):

Young Ki Park ◽

Hyun Ju Oh ◽

Jong Hyuk Bae ◽

Jee Young Lim ◽

Hee Dong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Polyester Fabric ◽

Ph Sensitivity ◽

Production Costs ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Color Changes ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

Textile Sensor ◽

High Production

For the immediate detection of strong gaseous alkalis and acids, colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes are highly valuable for monitoring gas leakages. To date, colorimetric textile sensors for dual-gas detection have usually been fabricated by electrospinning methods. Although nanofibrous sensors have excellent pH sensitivity, they are difficult to use commercially because of their low durability, low productivity, and high production costs. In this study, we introduce novel textile sensors with high pH sensitivity and durability via a facile and low-cost screen-printing method. To fabricate these textiles sensors, Dye 3 and RhYK dyes were both incorporated into a polyester fabric. The fabricated sensors exhibited high detection rates (<10 s) and distinctive color changes under alkaline or acidic conditions, even at low gas concentrations. Furthermore, the fabricated sensors showed an outstanding durability and reversibility after washing and drying and were confirmed to contain limited amounts of hazardous materials. Thus, our results show that the fabricated textile sensors could be used in safety apparel that changes its color in the presence of harmful gases.

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Inductive Textile Sensor Design and Validation for a Wearable Monitoring Device

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21010225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Astrid García Patiño ◽

Carlo Menon

Keyword(s):

Data Transmission ◽

Production Cost ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

High Reliability ◽

Wearable Devices ◽

Wireless Data ◽

Healthy Participant ◽

Wireless Data Transmission ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

Textile Sensor

Textile sensors have gained attention for wearable devices, in which the most popular are the resistive textile sensor. However, these sensors present high hysteresis and a drift when stretched for long periods of time. Inductive textile sensors have been commonly used as antennas and plethysmographs, and their applications have been extended to measure heartbeat, wireless data transmission, and motion and gesture capturing systems. Inductive textile sensors have shown high reliability, stable readings, low production cost, and an easy manufacturing process. This paper presents the design and validation of an inductive strain textile sensor. The anthropometric dimensions of a healthy participant were used to define the maximum dimensions of the inductive textile sensor. The design of the inductive sensor was studied through theoretical calculations and simulations. Parameters such as height, width, area, perimeter, and number of complete loops were considered to calculate and evaluate the inductance value.

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Synthesis of novel coumarin-based acid vapochromic fluorescence dye showing change of both color and fluorescence emission spectrum for application to sensitive, reusable, and washable textile sensors

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517520955232 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004051752095523

Author(s):

Junheon Lee ◽

Taekyeong Kim

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Fluorescence Emission Spectrum ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Alkyl Groups ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

Fluorescence Dye ◽

Textile Sensor

A new coumarin-based fluorescence dye, which simultaneously changes the fluorescence behavior as well as color by exposure to an acid-gas, was synthesized by modifying the dye structure so as to produce relatively long alkyl groups. The newly synthesized halochromic fluorescence dye was applied to polyethylenic fibers, such as high molecular weight polyethylene. The acid-gas sensing was functionalized not only in the solution state but also inside a matrix. A textile sensor was subsequently fabricated in this study and showed visible changes to both color and fluorescence emission properties as well as sensitivity to changes under low concentrations of gas-phase hydrogen chloride. Further, the sensing performance was sustainable and repeatable. From the washability test, it was observed that the dye did not leach out completely.

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Classified Catalogue for Textile Based Sensors

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.142 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 142-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrycja Bosowski ◽

Christian Husemann ◽

Till Quadflieg ◽

Stefan Jockenhövel ◽

Thomas Gries

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Smart Textiles ◽

Conductive Materials ◽

Technical Textiles ◽

Smart Products ◽

Textile Sensors ◽

Textile Sensor ◽

Selection Of

Technical textiles are used primarily for their technical functionality in many different industries. For monitoring the functionality of textiles it is possible to integrate sensors into the textile. Since textiles are made of fibres, yarns, two-or three dimensional structures the sensor systems should accordingly be designed as a part of them. Smart textiles are concerned with textile based sensors integrated mechanically and structurally to a textile. The state of the art in developing textile based sensors extends from sensor fibres to over coated yarns and textiles but without using standardized tools. The development of a textile sensor and its interpretation on a specific application has been associated with many investigations into combination of different conductive materials, what is a lengthy and costly developing process. Knowledge has already been generated on textile sensors, which now requires an appropriate classification and structure. A classified catalogue which allows a direct selection of textile based sensor modules on the basis of measured values. The catalogue´s structure follows, apart from the VDI- guideline 2222, of which complex coherences can be arranged and a clear representation can be found. Setting standards in the field of smart textiles helps companies to produce more smart products.

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