Trauma in the Agricultural Setting

2006 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Gideon Letz ◽  
James E. Lessenger
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Setting

scholarly journals Didymo and Its Polysaccharide Stalks: Beneficial to the Environment or Not?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Hurmat Ejaz ◽  
Esther Somanader ◽  
Uday Dave ◽  
Hermann Ehrlich ◽  
M. Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Didymosphenia geminata diatoms, or Didymo, was first found to be an invasive species that could have negative impacts on the environment due to the aggressive growth of its polysaccharide-based stalks. The stalks’ adhesive properties have prompted park officials to alert the general public to limit further spread and contamination of this algae to other bodies of water. Although the negative effects of Didymo have been studied in the past, recent studies have demonstrated a potential positive side to this alga. One of the potential benefits includes the structural component of the polysaccharide stalks. The origin of the polysaccharides within stalks remains unknown; however, they can be useful in a waste management and agricultural setting. The primary purpose of this study was to describe both the harmful and beneficial nature of Didymo. Important outcomes include findings related to its application in various fields such as medicine and technology. These polysaccharides can be isolated and studied closely to produce efficient solar power cells and batteries. Though they may be harmful while uncontained in nature, they appear to be very useful in the technological and medical advancement of our society.

scholarly journals Mesothelioma in Agriculture in Lombardy, Italy: An Unrecognized Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Carolina Mensi ◽  
Barbara Dallari ◽  
Marco Polonioli ◽  
Luciano Riboldi ◽  
Dario Consonni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Frequent Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Setting ◽  
Jute Bags

Cohort studies showed consistently low risks for malignant mesothelioma (MM) among agricultural workers, however the investigated exposures did not include asbestos. Our aim is to describe sources of asbestos exposure of MM in agriculture. Twenty-six MM cases in agricultural or seed trades workers were identified through the MM registry of the Lombardy region, Italy in 2000–2016. Asbestos exposures were investigated through a standardized questionnaire. The most frequent exposure circumstances were recycled jute bags previously containing asbestos (11 cases) and maintenance and repair of asbestos roofs (12 subjects). Three subjects performed maintenance and repair of tractor asbestos brakes and two used asbestos filters for wine production. Our data suggest asbestos exposure opportunities in the agricultural setting, underlining the need to look for this exposure in subjects affected with mesothelioma.

Pre-mapping in an Agricultural Setting

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-210
Author(s):  
Daniela Colombini ◽  
Enrico Occhipinti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Setting

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Amendments on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Boreal Agricultural Podzols

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinushika Wanniarachchi ◽  
Mumtaz Cheema ◽  
Raymond Thomas ◽  
Vanessa Kavanagh ◽  
Lakshman Galagedara
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Agricultural Setting ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Hydraulic properties of soil are the basis for understanding the flow and transport through the vadose zone. It has been demonstrated that different soil amendments can alter the soil properties affecting soil hydrology. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil amendments on hydraulic conductivity (K) of a loamy sand podzolic soil under both unsaturated (Kunsat) and near-saturated (near Ksat) conditions in an agricultural setting. A field experiment was conducted with two common soil amendments: Dairy manure (DM) in 2016 and 2017 and biochar (BC) once only in 2016. DM and BC were incorporated up to a depth of 0.15–0.20 m at a rate of 30,000 L ha−1 and 20 Mg ha−1, respectively. A randomized complete block experimental design was used and the plots planted with silage corn (Zea mays L.) without irrigation. The treatments were: Control without amendment (0N), inorganic N fertilizer (IN), two types of DM (IN+DM1 and IN+DM2), and two treatments with BC (IN+BC and IN+DM1+BC). Infiltration data were collected using a mini disk infiltrometer under three tension levels in which −0.04 and −0.02 m was ascribed as unsaturated (at the wet end) and −0.001 m as near-saturated condition. Based on the measured infiltration rates, Kunsat and near Ksat hydraulic conductivities were calculated. There were no significant effects of DM and BC on bulk density and near Ksat. Treatments IN+DM1, IN+DM2, and IN+DM1+BC significantly reduced the Kunsat compared to the control. Since these soil amendments can influence soil hydrology such as reduced infiltration and increased surface runoff, carefully monitored application of soil amendments is recommended.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS INFECTION FROM GOATS ISOLATED IN A FARM IN KUANTAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawaddah Mohd Azlan ◽  
Afzan Mat Yusof ◽  
Mardhiah Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Good Physical Condition ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually served as a source of income for most peoples in Malaysia. However, the productions of this livestock especially goats have been decreasing due to the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths infection. The aim of this study was to identify the presence and species of gastrointestinal helminths from 120 fecal samples collected directly from the rectum of goats from a farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. Firstly, the physical observation was evaluated on all goats. Then, their fecal sample was examined within 96 hours using Formal-ether Sedimentation method for the morphological characteristics identification of gastrointestinal helminthic species under the microscope. This study has identified the majority of goats with a good physical condition, that they have no sign of blood loss and have appropriate body frame. However, the microscopic identification has revealed 89 from the total samples positive with gastrointestinal helminths species while 76 of the positive showed presence of mixed species. The species found were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., and Strongyloides papillosus. This high infection of gastrointestinal helminths observed in goats is related to an impaired immune system, poor farm management, and uncontrolled anthelmintic treatment. The presence of various species of gastrointestinal helminths within a goat is an important cause of morbidity and loss of production. Therefore, this study suggested the need for an effective system of management, diagnosis and appropriate treatment that can reduce the risk of infection and increase the productivity of the animals.   

Acrobeloides buetschlii as a potential vector for enteric pathogens

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Kroupitski ◽  
Riky Pinto ◽  
Patricia Bucki ◽  
Edward Belausov ◽  
Liliane Ruess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Agricultural Setting

The objective of the present study was to assess ifAcrobeloides buetschlii, an opportunistic species common across many soils, can be employed as a suitable model for interactions between free-living soil nematodes and enteric human pathogens.Acrobeloides buetschliiwas exposed to mCherry-taggedSalmonella entericaandEscherichia coliO157:H7 and its vector potential was assessed.Salmonellacells were more readily ingested by the nematodes compared toE. coliO157:H7. Adult nematodes ingested more bacteria compared to juveniles.Salmonellasurvived internally for at least 7 days without affecting the viability of nematodes. Bacterial ingestion byA. buetschliidid not vary for three testedSalmonellaserovars but was significantly lower forE. coliO157:H7. Considering the ubiquitous nature of pathogen and vector, these findings suggest thatA. buetschliican serve as a relevant model for studying nematode-Salmonellainteractions in an agricultural setting and as potential transport for food-borne pathogens from soil to crops.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin Exposure in Developing Countries: The Critical Interface of Agriculture and Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S372-S380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Paul Wild
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Background Aflatoxins are common contaminants of staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa. These toxins are human liver carcinogens, especially in combination with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. However, in an agricultural setting, the effects on growth, immune status, and susceptibility to infectious disease in farm animals are also well recognized. These latter effects have been far less explored in human populations. Objectives To review some of the more recent work on aflatoxins where the health outcomes seen in the agricultural setting, including growth impairment and immune suppression, have been investigated in human populations. The paper draws largely on examples from West Africa. The paper also sets out how knowledge gained about aflatoxins in the agricultural setting can be used to design intervention studies in human populations. Methods A review of the relevant literature. Results Human exposure to aflatoxins begins early in life, and recent studies in West Africa have demonstrated an association between exposure and growth faltering, particularly stunting, in young children. At present the underlying mechanisms for the latter effects are unknown but may include impairment of immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Simple postharvest intervention strategies were successful in reducing aflatoxin exposure in a subsistence farm setting, providing a rationale for prevention of aflatoxin-related disease. Conclusions There are potential benefits to public health from intervention strategies combining expertise in the agricultural and health settings to address the aflatoxin problem.

scholarly journals Development of a Robotic Arm for Automated Harvesting of Asparagus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Funami ◽  
Shinji Kawakura ◽  
Kotaro Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Wheeled Robot ◽  
Agricultural Setting

We designed and developed an original arm-robot system that harvests asparagus in both outdoor and indoor agricultural fields. Using the system, we carried out harvesting work automatically with input data related to asparagus vegetation in restricted settings. The developed fixed-site (non-wheeled) robot can reach out its arm to a stem of asparagus from a passage between two ridges on cultivated farmland without touching non-target stems or requiring changes to the farm conditions. Additionally, the hand at the tip of the arm stably grasps, cuts, harvests, and throws the stem it into a specific bag made for the gathering of agricultural crops. In mechanical terms, our originally developed robot arm has four degrees of freedom and is driven by motors. It harvests target asparagus stems without coming into contact with other objects in an agricultural setting, and the hand using the linkage mechanism of a pneumatic cylinder driven by air pressure, can hold the stem firmly and cut it. Our repetitive verification experiments showed that the mechanism is sufficiently accurate. The present study confirmed the robot arm system could be used for automatically harvesting asparagus, and the system was endorsed by several farmers. Moreover, we carried out experiments of harvesting asparagus on actual outdoor land and successfully harvested three stems sequentially under the condition that the operator obtained the positional coordinates earlier.

scholarly journals Improving of economic mechanism for regulating the system of land mortgage lending

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (97) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
S.N. Kolotukha ◽  
◽  
E.N. Melnyk ◽  
B.S. Husar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Credit Mechanism ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
Agricultural Setting

Land-mortgage crediting as an instrument of attracting investments is widely used in the most developed market countries, however in Ukraine the marked type of crediting is on the stage of becoming. A study of question of land-mortgage crediting of agriculture is extraordinarily actual today, as a creation of its integral system gives an opportunity to the agricultural commodity producers to extend a production by means of recreation of material and technical base, technological reequipment due to the mortgage loans and to accelerate turnover of capital and to get an additional profit. On the results of the conducted study the chart of functioning of financial economic instrument of land-mortgage crediting is offered. It is proved that the efficiency of introduction of system of these instruments, as components of a corresponding mechanism of providing the balanced land-use in the field of agroproduction needs the promotion of market turnover of plot of lands of the agricultural setting. The model of system of a mortgage crediting on the security land is offered that provides the transmission of financial resources at the mortgage market from creditors to the borrowers on the security land with an active participation of infrastructural elements. It is substantiated that at the terms of introduction a market of agricultural land, it becomes not only the factor of production but also a motive force of economic development due to the influence on forming the system of financial economic relations and the system of land-mortgage crediting. The State joint-stock land (mortgage) bank must become the central link of the system of land-mortgage crediting. Measures for the increasing the efficiency of use of land of the agricultural setting must be conducted in a complex with the improvement of financial-credit mechanism.

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