The Choice of Suitable Online Analytical Techniques and Data Processing for Monitoring of Bioprocesses

2012 ◽  
pp. 249-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Marison ◽  
Siobhán Hennessy ◽  
Róisín Foley ◽  
Moira Schuler ◽  
Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques

scholarly journals Mobile Raman spectroscopy in astrobiology research

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2030) ◽  
pp. 20140202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vandenabeele ◽  
Jan Jehlička
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopy Research ◽  
Selection Of

Raman spectroscopy has proved to be a very useful technique in astrobiology research. Especially, working with mobile instrumentation during fieldwork can provide useful experiences in this field. In this work, we provide an overview of some important aspects of this research and, apart from defining different types of mobile Raman spectrometers, we highlight different reasons for this research. These include gathering experience and testing of mobile instruments, the selection of target molecules and to develop optimal data processing techniques for the identification of the spectra. We also identify the analytical techniques that it would be most appropriate to combine with Raman spectroscopy to maximize the obtained information and the synergy that exists with Raman spectroscopy research in other research areas, such as archaeometry and forensics.

scholarly journals Analytical challenges of untargeted GC-MS-based metabolomics and the critical issues in selecting the data processing strategy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Li Han ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Kai P. Law
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Critical Issues

Background: A challenge of metabolomics is data processing the enormous amount of information generated by sophisticated analytical techniques. The raw data of an untargeted metabolomic experiment are composited with unwanted biological and technical variations that confound the biological variations of interest. The art of data normalisation to offset these variations and/or eliminate experimental or biological biases has made significant progress recently. However, published comparative studies are often biased or have omissions. Methods: We investigated the issues with our own data set, using five different representative methods of internal standard-based, model-based, and pooled quality control-based approaches, and examined the performance of these methods against each other in an epidemiological study of gestational diabetes using plasma. Results: Our results demonstrated that the quality control-based approaches gave the highest data precision in all methods tested, and would be the method of choice for controlled experimental conditions. But for our epidemiological study, the model-based approaches were able to classify the clinical groups more effectively than the quality control-based approaches because of their ability to minimise not only technical variations, but also biological biases from the raw data. Conclusions: We suggest that metabolomic researchers should optimise and justify the method they have chosen for their experimental condition in order to obtain an optimal biological outcome.

scholarly journals Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ü. Niinemets ◽  
U. Kuhn ◽  
P. C. Harley ◽  
M. Staudt ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Database Construction ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Isoprenoid Emission

Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions at a certain time (ES, the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published ES estimates for any given species partly driven by dynamic modifications in ES due to acclimation and stress responses. Here we review additional sources of variation in ES estimates that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures, and demonstrate that estimations of ES critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-to-study variations in ES estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of ES values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of ES. We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any ES measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI DIDAKTIS DALAM HIKAYAT IBRAHIM HASAN KARYA NURMAN SYAMHAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Ismawirna ◽  
Erfinawati ◽  
Ahmad Rocki
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Banda Aceh

This study entitled "Analysis of Dictition Value in Hikayat Ibrahim Hasan by Nurman Syamhas". The purpose of this study is to describe the didactic value contained in the Hikayat Ibrahim Hasan by Nurman Syamhas. The benefits of this research for researchers is to deepen the science of the old literature, especially the saga. This research is conducted by applying descriptive method. The source of this research data is the Hikayat Ibrahim Hasan by Nurman Syamhas, consisting of 280 pages, the publisher of Media Utama Banda Aceh, the 2nd in 2013. Data collection techniques used in this research are analytical techniques, read, refer to and record. Based on the results of data processing and data analysis, it is known that the didactic values ​​contained in the tale of Ibrahim Hasan by Nurman Syamhas are (1) intellectual / intelligence, (2) skills, (3) self-esteem, (4) social (5) morals, (6) divinity, (7) beauty, (8) self-controlling / emotional stability, (9) behavior, (10) will / will or aspiration. Abstrak Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Nilai Didaktis dalam Hikayat Ibrahim Hasan karya Nurman Syamhas”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan nilai didaktis yang terkandung dalam hikayat Ibrahim Hasan karya Nurman Syamhas. Manfaat penelitian ini bagi peneliti adalah untuk memperdalam ilmu pengetahuan mengenai sastra lama khususnya hikayat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah hikayat Ibrahim Hasan karya Nurman Syamhas, terdiri atas 280 halaman, penerbit Media Utama Banda Aceh, cetakan ke-2 tahun 2013. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis, baca, simak dan catat. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisis data, diketahui bahwa nilai-nilai didiaktis yang terdapat dalam hikayat Ibrahim Hasan karya Nurman Syamhas adalah (1) intelektual/kecerdasan, (2) keterampilan, (3) harga diri, (4) sosial/hubungan kemasyarakatan/pergaulan, (5) moral, (6) ketuhanan, (7) keindahan, (8) pengendaliaan diri/kestrabilan emosi, (9) tingkah laku, (10) kehendak/kemauan atau cita-cita. Kata Kunci : Analisis, Nilai Didaktis, Hikayat

scholarly journals Estimation of isoprenoid emission factors from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4633-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ü. Niinemets ◽  
U. Kuhn ◽  
P. C. Harley ◽  
M. Staudt ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Database Construction ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
Isoprenoid Emission

Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions (ES), the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published ES estimates for any given species, and this variation leads to significant uncertainties in emission predictions. We review the sources of variation in ES that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures. This review demonstrates that estimations of ES critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-to-study variations in ES estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of ES values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of ES. We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any ES measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Preferential Sputtering of Ni3Al Single Crystals Studied Using Atom-Probe Field-Ion Microscopy and XPS

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
M.P. Thomas ◽  
A.R. Waugh ◽  
M.J. Southon ◽  
Brian Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
Preferential Sputtering ◽  
Argon Ion Bombardment ◽  
Argon Ion

It is well known that ion-induced sputtering from numerous multicomponent targets results in marked changes in surface composition (1). Preferential removal of one component results in surface enrichment in the less easily removed species. In this investigation, a time-of-flight atom-probe field-ion microscope A.P. together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS have been used to monitor alterations in surface composition of Ni3Al single crystals under argon ion bombardment. The A.P. has been chosen for this investigation because of its ability using field evaporation to depth profile through a sputtered surface without the need for further ion sputtering. Incident ion energy and ion dose have been selected to reflect conditions widely used in surface analytical techniques for cleaning and depth-profiling of samples, typically 3keV and 1018 - 1020 ion m-2.

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